Drugs: Risk/Benefits Flashcards
OXG
15L HIGH FLOW MASK
5–10L SIMPLE FACE MASK
2-6L NASAL CANNULA
(General)
+req by cells , increases cerebral & peripheral perfusion,
+prevents vaso-occlusion
- high amounts can cause vasoconstriction, may damage lungs & diminish resp drive (COPD), high levels of oxygen can suppress the
- formation of new RBC worsening anaemia (sickle cell anemia)
(Tension Pnemo, Trauma)
+ increases oxygen in peripheral circulation & increases cerebral perfusion
- High amounts can damage lungs & cause vasoconstriction
SCP
(General)
+ increases vascular volume
- fluid retention (pulmonary oedema)
(Tension Pnemo/Trauma)
+ Increase circulating volume, maintain cerebral pa thus GCS
(Rhabdo)
+ replaces vascular volume, treat hypotension, reduces risk of AKI, increases GFR, dilutes myoglobin and other renal tubular toxins
+ replaces fluid lost due to fluid leakage from vasodilation, increases vascular volume
- Can lead to fluid overload (pulmonary oedema).
SLB
5mg 6-8L, neb, no max dose
selective B2 adrenoreceptor
+ bronchodilator/smooth muscle relaxation, decreasing wheeze
vasoconstriction & tachycardia increasing workalready oxygen depleted heart
DZP
+ increasing way GABA acts in brain minimize seizure activity alleviate risk of injury or ailment
- Risk respiratory depression, hypotension may occur & dizziness, confusion amnesia
Cocaine: CNS depressant & anticonvulsant + sedative
counteracts CNS stimulant cocaine reduce HR & HTN
- Risk respiratory depression, hypotension may occur & dizziness, confusion and amnesia
TXA
anti-fibrinolytic
+ reduces breakdown blood clots, Inhibits enzymatic breakdown fibrin reducing bleeding
- risk embolism, given quickly can cause hypotension
ASP
antiplatelet
+ inhibits COX and TXA2 enzyme & prevents platelet plug formation
- Increased risk of bleeding increasing complications for surgery
GTN
vasodilator
+ vasodilation
+ increased blood flow heart, reduce preload, decreases myocardial wall stress
hypotension, cocaine cut with other drugs may react with GTN
- may drop pre-load, cause hypotension
(HF)
+ relief of coronary spasm
- dropping BP decreases cardiac output & preload
BPN
narrow-spectrum antibiotic
+ kill bacteria during the stage of active multiplication prevent further exacerbation condition
- restricted spectrum of activity
ODT
anti-emetic
+ blocks 5HT receptors both centrally and in GI tract, prevent
vomiting loss of fluids
- prolong QT interval, hypotension + bradycardia
MOR
Morphine
+ acts directly on the CNS to induce analgesia, fast acting
- hypotension & resp distress
adequate pain control modulates SNS activation =
decrease myocardial O2 demand
decrease HR, BP, venous return
may also stimulate local histamine-mediated processes.
NOO
+ reduces the risk vaso-occlusion & fast onset pain relief
- prolonged reduce production RBCs & B12 deficiency
analgesic effects, probably via central opioid receptor stimulation and spinal cord α2 stimulation.
HYC
(Asthma) (COPD) (Addisons)
Hydrocortisone glucocorticoid
cortico steroid
+ restore BP, blood sugar, cardiac synchronicity and volume
- suppresses immune response , steroid induced adrenal suppression
ADM 1:1000
systemic B2 & A receptor
+ broncho & vascular dilation
- risk excess vasodilation =decrease cardiac output
IPR
antimuscarinic bronchodilator
+ block muscarinic cholinergic receptors in smooth muscles, allow bronchi open up & anticholinegric reabsorbing excess mucous
- worsening spasms airway , urinary retention
FRM
(HF)
diuretic
+promotes renal excretion of water, relieves dyspnoea
- over use dehydration, low electrolyte levels, urination .
kidneys poorly supplied hypotension due vasoconstriction – less effective
