DRUGS - part A Flashcards
acetazolamide
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor = inhibits bicarbonate reabsorption in the PCT = not a good diuretic = causes acidosis and hypokalaemia = used to treat glaucoma
adenosine
anti-dysrhythmic drug = class 5 = a1/a2 agonist = causes potassium efflux and inhibits calcium influx = intravenous
adrenaline
acts on alpha and beta adrenergic receptors (stronger on alpha)
= impacts depend on what the receptor does, which is different in each part of the body
amiloride
potassium sparing diuretic
= inhibits ENaC in collecting duct
= hyperkalaemia (K+ isn’t excreted if Na+ isn’t absorbed)
amiodarone
ant-dysrhythmia = class 3 = blocks potassium channels, stops hyperpolarisation, increases refractory period, reduces exciteability = prolongs QRS and QT of ECG = relaxes vessels to reduce resistance = beta receptor inhibitor
amphetamines
inhibits reuptake of noradrenaline by VMAT
= alpha and beta agonist
aspirin
= prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor (prostaglandins cause uterine contractions and are responsible for inflammatory response like platelet plug)
= stops platelet aggregation
= COX inhibitor
= binds covalently = irreversible inhibition of COX
atenolol
beta 1 blocker/antagonist = Gs = less cAMP
= decrease cardiac output
= for hypertension
atracurium
= competitive
= non-depolarising
= antagonist of nicotinic receptors at the NMJ
atropine
muscarinic antagonist
= M1, M2 and M3
bendroflumethiazide
thiazide diuretic = inhibits NaCl transporter DISTAL TUBULE = less potent than loop diuretics = treat hypertension
botulinum toxin
= works at the NMJ
= stops release of ACh from vesicles
ouabain
cardiac glycoside
inhibits Na+/K+ATPase
= increases intracellular Na+ and Ca2+ (calcium increases because NCX cannot bring it back in if the na+ isn’t decreased)
= INCREASES CONTRACTILITY
= used for fibrillation and hypOtension
cardiac glycosides
ouabain and digoxin
digoxin
cardiac glycoside = inhibits na+/K+ ATPase = increases Na+ and ca2+ = increased contractile force = improves ejection fraction = DECREASE HEART RATE