Drugs - Ophthalmology Flashcards
What does ‘g’ denote?
Drops
What does ‘oc’ denote?
Eye ointment
Give some ophthalmologic indications for chloramphenicol
- Severe cases of bacterial conjunctivitis
- Prophylaxis against 2ary infection in corneal abrasions, post foreign body removal, post-operative, chemical eye injury
Give an otologic indication for chlormaphenicol
Otitis externa
Why is systemic chloramphenicol rarely used?
Due to its severe toxicity
What is a potential serious side effect of systemic chloramphenicol?
Bone marrow suppression
Why is chloramphenicol contraindicated in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy, breastfeeding & children <2 years?
Due to risk of grey baby syndrome
Give an ophthalmologic indication for oc aciclovir
HSV corneal ulcers
Give an ophthalmologic indication for oral aciclovir
Ophthalmic shingles
What class of drug is pilocarpine?
Miotic
What is the function of miotics?
Produce contraction of the iris sphincter muscle and ciliary muscle → constrict pupils
What is the mechanism of miotics?
Produces contraction of the iris sphincter muscle and ciliary muscle by mainly stimulating muscarinic receptors.
Main indication of pilocarpine?
Acute angle closure glaucoma → to reduce intraocular pressure
What are mydriatic drugs/cytoplegic drugs?
Mydriatic → dilate pupils
Cytoplegic → paralyse ciliary muscles
Give some examples of mydriatic drugs
- Atropine
- Cyclopentolate
- Tropicamide
- Phenylephrine
What class of drugs are Atropine, Cyclopentolate, Tropicamide, Phenylephrine?
Antimuscarinics