drugs of endocrine Flashcards
how are over active throid and adrenal glands often treated?
with surgery or radiation to remove or destroy the abnormal tissue
how is underactive thyroid and adrenal gland treated (addisons disease)
-thyroxine and hydrocortisone
treated with hormone replacement therapy
two common manifestations of hyperthyroidism (autoimmune)
1) DIFFUSE TOXIC GOITRE
2) TOXIC NODULAR GOITRE
1) autoimmune disorder where antibodies to TSH receptor stimulate thyroxine secretion
2) caused by tumour
drugs used in hyperthyroism
1) radioactive iodine
2) thiourylene drugs e.g. carbimazole and propylthiouracil
3) iodine
1) damages cells. hypothyroism with evetually occur treated with replacment therapy
2) decreases sythenesis of of throid hormone
3) reduces thyroid hormone secretion
what is gestational diabetes?
-treatment of type 1 diabetes
-diabetes that develops during pregnancy due to increases insulin resistence.
-insulin replacment therapy. recombinant human insulin now used, insulin gene inserted into e.coli
drugs used for type 2 diabetes
1) insulin sensitisers
2) insulin secretagogues
3) incretin mimetics
4) glucose reabsorbtion inhibitors
antidiabettic drug therpay
1) increase sensitivity to insulin
2) stimulate release of insulin from pancreas, requires functioning pancreatic beta cells
3) enhance or mimic action of incretin hormones that stimulate insulin relase from pancreas. requires functioning pancreatic beta cells
4) encourage renal excretion of glucose
example of drugs for type 2 diabetes
1) metformin ( first line treatment)
2) thiazolidinediones
lowers blood glucose levels by imporving insulin resistence
3) sulphonylureas and meglitinies
4) incretin hormones
3)enhances insulin secretion from beta cells
4) hormones produced by GI tract, GLP-1 and GIP stimulate release of insulin from beta cells follwing a meal. inhibits glucagon release
5) gliptins
reduce blood glucose by inhibiting metabolism of incretin hormones leading to decrease in glucagon release, increase insulin release
6) GLP-1 receptor agonist
-semaglutide
7) glifozins
6)mimic action of GLP-1 in pancreas by stimulating GLP-1 receptors
semaglutide= new ‘wonder’ drug for T2 diabetes and obesity
7) blocks SGLT2 on proximal convulated tubule which is responsible for 90% of glucose reabsorbtion from urine filtrate
difference between addisons disease and cushing syndrome
addisons= adrenal cortex does not make enough steroid hormone. hormone replacment therapy for life
cushings= adrenal cortex makes to much cortisol. can be casued by tumours
