Drugs of Abuse I Flashcards
effects of cannabis
very subtle stimulant effects
conjunctival injection
hyperphagia
may see anxiety and paranoid but psychosis is quite rare
PCP/ketamine
very assaultive, impulsive, and unpredictable. do not respond well to attempts to calm them. may include overt psychosis. chemical and physical restraints often necessary
Effects of hallucinogens
mydriasis and tachycardia, though less than stimulants
more overt psychosis, esp. with perceptual disturbances.
illusions, hallucinations, synesthesias, intensely experienced perceptions, depersonalization.
Stimulants
see a prominent increase in vital sights hyper-vigilant sterotypies paranoid delusions more than hallucinations overt psychosis
Opiods
profound depression of vital signs
lethargy
dysarthria
miosis
symptoms of alcohol withdrawal
neuronal excitation w/ fast wave EEG activity anxiety tremors diaphoresis elevated HR and BP mydriasis seizures delirium (DTs) May be FATAL
Withdrawal of psychostimulants
drug craving, fatigue, hypersomnia, hyperphagia
nicotine withdrawal
drug craving, dysphoria, irritability, anxiety, insomnia, restlessness. Offer nicotine-addicted hospital patients counseling re: addiction and nicotine replacement opitons
opioid withdrawal
dysphoria, GI symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), myalgias, lacrimation or rhinorrhea, mydriasis, piloerection (“cold turkey”), diaphoresis, fever, insomnia. Pts are miserable but WON’T DIE from opioid withdrawal
substance abuse vs. substance dependence
abuse: clincally significant distress/dysfunction including legal problems, failure to fulfill major obligations, use in physically hazardous situations, continued use despite adverse consequences
dependence: as above, PLUS tolerance, withdrawal, inability to cut down, most time spent obtaining, using, or recovering from use
NOT PART OF DSMV
tolerance
need for more drug to get the same effect, or diminished effect from the same dosage
action of barbiturates, benzos, and ethanol
act at the GABAa receptor to increase opnen time or frequency (benzos increase likelihood of channel opening in presence of GABA; barbiturates increase duration of channel opening). ethanol also has membrane effects.
MOA of amphetamines
blooks reuptake and enhances release of NE and epi
MOA caffeine
blocks adenosine receptors
MOA cannabinoids
interactys with THC receptors
MOA phencyclidine (PCP)
blooks amine reputake and blocks NMDA receptor
MOA LSD
action at serotonin receptors
