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Pharmacology Exam 4 > Drugs of Abuse > Flashcards

Drugs of Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

Physical dependence arises from ______________.

A

Functional tolerance

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2
Q

How do most of the drugs of abuse work?

A

Increasing the affects of dopamine in a “reward circuit” involving the midbrain and limbic system

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3
Q

More physical dependence the _____________ the withdrawal.

A

worse

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4
Q

Examples of opioids

A

heroin
morphine
methadone
codeine

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5
Q

What do opiods do?

A

increase u receptor, endorphins

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6
Q

Examples of sympathomimetics

A

Amphetamine
Methamphetamine
Cocaine (increase catecholamine transmission)
Caffeine (decrease adenosine (increase cAMP and Ca+2))

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7
Q

Examples of depressants

A

Ethanol
Pentobarbital
Diazepam

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8
Q

Mechanism of depressants

A

Increase GABA

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9
Q

Examples of nicotine

A

tobacco producst

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10
Q

Mechanisms of nicotine

A

Acetylcholine (CNS Presynaptic)

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11
Q

Psychedelics

A

LSD
Mescaline
PCP (Phencyclidine)
Ketamine

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12
Q

Mechanism of psychedelics

A

LSD and Mescaline decrease serotonin transport

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13
Q

Inhalants

A

Nitrous oxide
Amyl nitrite
Butyl nitrite

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14
Q

Examples of designer drugs

A

MDMA (Ecstasy)

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15
Q

Mechanism of Ecstasy

A

alters serotonin levels and effects catecholamines

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16
Q

Examples of Cannabinoids

A

THC (Marijuana)

Cannabinoid ligands

17
Q

Mechanism of Cannabinoids

A

high affinity receptor ( G protein coupled)

18
Q

Variables in the agent used that affect the onset and continuation of drug abuse and addiction are:

A 
availability
percieved risk
cost
purity/potency
pharmacokinetics
speed of onset and termination of SE
mode of administration
19
Q

Variables of the host that affect the onset and continuation of drug abuse and addiction are:

A

heredity
psychiatric symptoms
prior experiences/expectations
propensity for risk seeking behavior

20
Q

Variables in the environment that affect the onset and continuation of drug abuse and addiction are:

A

social setting
community attitudes
employment or educational oppurtunities

21
Q

Mechanism of amphetamines and cocaine

A

Interact with the reuptake systems for monoamine DA, NE, and %-ht. The reinforcing qualities rely most heavily on the DA system, while the NE may contribute to the euphoric effects.

22
Q

Symptoms of amphetamines and cocaine

A

euphoria, anorexia, insomnia, increased motor activity and decreased feeling of fatique

23
Q

Why do amphetamines have additional effects?

A

depletes DA from the vessicles, causing a no vasicular release of DA producing an increase in motor and pyschodynamic effects and a more sustained duration of effect

24
Q

What are the toxicities for amphetamines and cocaine?

A

arrhythmias and convulsions

25
Q

Treatment for opiods (coma)

A

naloxone

26
Q

Treatment for sympathomimetics (sympathetic storm)

A

amphetamines sedate with haloperidol

cocaine - give propanolol, diazepam or ca channel blockers to help with seizures or stroke

27
Q

Treatment for depressants (coma, respiratory failure)

A

mechanical ventilation, positive ionotropic drug: dopamine, hemodialysis, hemoperfussion

28
Q

Treatment for Nicotine

A

none

29
Q

Treatment for cannabinods

A

none

30
Q

Treatment for pyschedelics (anxiety and psychosis)

A

support, physostigmine may be used after, scopolamine

31
Q

Treatment for phencyclidine (seizures)

A

diazepam, antipsychotics contraindicated due to toxicitiy

can use haloperidol

32
Q

Treatment for inhalants

A

mechanical ventilation, antiarrymics

33
Q

withdrawal with opiods:

A

runny nose, tearing, goose flesh, anxiety

TX: low levels of long acting drug (methadone or L-acetyl-methadone)

34
Q

withdrawal with depressants

A

convulsions, DT

TX: low levels of long acting drugs (phenobarbital or diazepam)
Propanolol or clonidine may reduce symp. storm

35
Q

withdrawal with nicotine

A

anxiety, craving

TX: replacement therapy- nicotine
substitution therapy- varenicline
bupropion

36
Q

withdrawal with alcohol

A

TX: anti abuse, naltrexone

Pharmacology Exam 4 (10 decks)

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