Drugs - Medication Cart Flashcards
Name the different Adrenergic receptors and their functions.
Adrenergic Receptors - bind NE and E, Sympathetic nervous system a1 - SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTION a2 - SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTION b1 - HEART b2 - SMOOTH MUSCLE RELAXATION
alpha-1: Smooth muscle contraction, Vasoconstriction of blood vessels, Increase BP, Urinary retention, Pupillary dilation (mydriasis)
alpha-2: exclusively in the CNS and when bound it blocks the Sympathetic signal, Vasoconstriction of blood vessels, Pre-synaptic receptor, inhibits NE release, inhibits insulin release, inhibits ACh release
beta-1: Increase HR (tachycardia) acts on SA and AV nodes of the heart, increase cardiac output, increase strength of contraction (inotropy), Renin release from kidneys (renin leads to vasoconstriction via Angiotensinogen –> Renin –> Angiotensin I –> ACE –> Angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor)
beta-2: Vasodilation of blood vessels (to skeletal muscle), Bronchodilation (smooth muscle relaxation)
Amiodarone
1 - Class?
2 - Mechanism?
3 - Use?
1 - Anti-arrhythmic
2 - Class 3 anti-arrhythmic (K+ channel blocker)
3 - Treat heart arrhythmia, ACLS
Esmolol
1 - Class?
2 - Mechanism?
3 - Use?
1 - Anti-hypertensive
2 - Beta blocker, selective for B1 (blocks NE from binding)
3 - Reduce high blood pressure/hypertension
Hydralazine 1 - Class? 2 - Mechanism? 3 - Use? 4 - Initial Bolus Dose?
1 - Anti-hypertensive
2 - LONG-ACTING Vasodilation - acts directly on arteries/arterioles - LESS PREDICTABLE pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
* Lasts 2-6 hours
* Opens K+ channels to cause vasodilation
3 - Reduce high blood pressure/hypertension
4 - 5mg
Metoprolol
1 - Class?
2 - Mechanism?
3 - Use?
1 - Anti-hypertensive
2 - Beta blocker, selective for B1
3 - Reduce high blood pressure/hypertension
Labetalol
1 - Class?
2 - Mechanism?
3 - Use?
1 - Anti-hypertensive
2 - Beta blocker, NON-SELECTIVE
3 - Reduce high blood pressure/hypertension - SYRINGE
Lidocaine
1 - Class?
2 - Mechanism?
3 - Use?
1 - Local anesthetic; Class 1B anti-arrhythmic
2 - Stabilization of Neuronal Membranes
3 - Can be used intravenously prior to injecting Propofol, ALSO anesthetize the skin before placing an IV
Ocular Lubrication - use?
Prevent corneal abrasions (which occur in 0.64% of non-ocular surgeries)
Generic Name: Ondansetron
Brand name?
Zofran
Ondansetron / Zofran 1 - Class? 2 - Mechanism? 3 - Use? 4 - When is it given?
1 - Anti-emetic
2 - 5-HT3-receptor (serotonin) Antagonist - it blocks serotonin which causes nausea and vomiting
3 - Reduces nausea and vomiting
4 - Given at the END of the case
Dexamethasone 1 - Class? 2 - Mechanism? 3 - Use? 4 - When is it given?
1 - Corticosteroid and Anti-emetic *ANTI-INFLAMMATORY *ANTI-EMETIC 2 - Mimics endogenous corticosteroids 3 - Reduce inflammation AND nausea/vomiting 4 - Given at BEGINNING of the case
Hydrocortisone
1 - Class?
2 - Mechanism?
3 - Use?
1 - Corticosteroid - ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
2 - Mimics endogenous corticosteroids
3 - Reduces inflammation
** For transplants, used for immunosuppression
*** If pt is on chronic steroids and needs stress dose steroids
Epinephrine 1 - Class? 2 - Mechanism? 3 - Uses? 4 - Dosage?
1 - Vasopressor - constricts blood vessels 2 - alpha and beta adrenergic agonist 3 - EMERGENCY DRUG* ACLS - Cardiac Arrest - may use whole vile - Anaphylaxis - may dilute - Bronchospasm - may dilute 4 - 1 mg/ml at 1 : 1,000 concentration
Norepinephrine 1 - Class? 2 - Mechanism? 3 - Uses? 4 - Dosage
1 - Vasopressor - constricts blood vessels 2 - alpha and beta adrenergic agonist 3 - EMERGENCY DRUG* ACLS - May be used as an IV infusion 4 - 1 mg/ml
Atropine
1 - Class?
2 - Mechanism?
3 - Uses?
1 - Anti-cholinergic / Anti-muscarinic (binds M receptors so ACh cannot)
2 - Acetylcholine (ACh) antagonist
3 - Bradycardia - used to INCREASE HR in emergency situations, also decreases salivation
- Atropine used to treat vasovagal syncope
Ephedrine
1 - Class?
2 - Mechanism?
3 - Uses?
1 - Vasopressor - constricts blood vessels
2 - Sympathomimetic Amine
3 - Increase BP and HR
Phenylephrine (Neosynephrine)
1 - Class?
2 - Mechanism?
3 - Uses?
1 - Vasopressor - constricts blood vessels
2 - Selective alpha-1 agonist
3 - Increase BP and Decrease HR
Albuterol
1 - Class?
2 - Mechanism?
3 - Uses?
1 - Bronchodilator (inhaler)
2 - Beta-2 receptor agonist
3 - Treat Anaphylaxis or Bronchospasm
Generic Name: Ketorolac
Brand name?
Toradol