Drugs, Mechanisms, and Indications Flashcards
(128 cards)
1
Q
Fluoxetine’s mechanism
A
Stops 5-HT from going back to the pre-synaptic neuron. Does no effect NE.
2
Q
Fluoxetine’s indications
A
Depression, anxiety
3
Q
Duloxetine’s mechanism
A
Stops 5-HT and NE from going back to the pre-synaptic neuron.
4
Q
Duloxetine’s indications
A
Depression, anxiety, neuropathic pain
5
Q
Bupropion’s mechanism
A
Stops 5-HT, NE, and dopamine from going back to the pre-synaptic neuron.
6
Q
Bupropion’s indications
A
Depression, anxiety, fibromyalgia, quit smoking
7
Q
Chlorpromazine’s mechanism
A
Blocks dopamine receptors in part of brain related to nausea and staying awake. Sedative effect.
8
Q
Chlorpromazine’s indications
A
Schizophrenia, pre-operative anxiety
9
Q
Clozapine’s mechanism
A
Blocks dopamine and 5-HT receptors. Depresses the RAS.
10
Q
Clozapine’s indications
A
Schizophrenia, nausea, mania
11
Q
Lithium’s mechanism
A
Acts like sodium. Prevents release of NE and dopamine.
12
Q
Lithium’s indications
A
Bipolar
13
Q
Levothyroxine’s mechanism
A
Straight up replaces T4
14
Q
Levothyroxine’s indication
A
Hypothyroidism
15
Q
Methimazole’s mechanism
A
Inhibits production of TH in thyroid
16
Q
Methimazole’s indication
A
Hyperthyroidism
17
Q
Glyburide’s mechanism
A
Stimulates beta cells in pancreas to produce/release insulin.
18
Q
Glyburide’s indication
A
DM2 only and only if the pt still has functional beta cells.
19
Q
Metformin’s mechanism
A
Stimulates cells to take up more glucose.
20
Q
Metformin’s indication
A
DM2
21
Q
Pioglitazone’s mechanism
A
Decreases insulin resistance.
22
Q
Pioglitazone’s indication
A
DM2
23
Q
Insulin’s mechanism
A
Replaces insulin.
24
Q
Insulin’s indications
A
DM1 and DM2
25
Glucagon's mechanism
Converts glycogen to glucose. Increases blood glucose.
26
Glucagon's indication
Severe hypoglycemia and possible coma
27
Dextromethorphan's mechanism
Blocks cough reflex in CNS and PNS. Depresses cough center in brain. Sedative effect.
28
Dextromethorphan's indication
Nonproductive cough
29
Pseudoephedrine's mechanism
Decreases blood flow to upper respiratory tract. Decreases secretions by local vasoconstriction of those mucous membranes.
30
Pseudoephedrine's indications
Clogged nasal passage. Hay fever. Allergic rhinitis.
31
Diphenhydramine's mechanism
Blocks release of histamines. Blocks inflammatory response.
32
Diphenhydramine's indications
Allergies. Motion sickness, N/V. Cough. Sleep aide
33
Guaifenesin's mechanism
Liquifies mucus/fluids in the lungs so they can be expectorated.
34
Guaifenesin's indications
Productive cough.
35
Albuterol's mechanism
Binds to beta-2 adrenergic receptors to relax smooth muscle of airways.
36
Albuterol's indication
Acute bronchospasm
37
Ipratropium's mechanism
Blocks muscarinic receptors in bronchi.
38
Ipratropium's indication
Acute bronchospasm
39
Levodopa's mechanism
It's a dopamine precursor. Crosses blood brain barrier. Is converted to dopamine.
40
Levodopa's indication
Parkinson's
41
Benztropine's mechanism
Anticholinergic effect by blocking cholinergic receptors. Relieves tremors & rigidity, dries mouth, lessens extrapyramidal symptoms.
42
Benztropine's indications
Parkinson's when levodopa loses effectiveness.
43
Prednisone's mechanism
Enters cells. Binds to intracellular corticosteroid receptors. Inhibits synthesis of prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and histamines. Immunosuppressant and anti-inflammatory.
Increases blood glucose, increases fat, decreases protein. Helpful with kidney problems.
44
Prednisone's indications
Multiple sclerosis, arthritis
45
Fludrocortisone's mechanism
Powerful steroid. Used in conjunction with prednisone for kidney problems. Retains sodium while excreting potassium at the distal convoluted tubules of the nephron.
46
Fludrocortisone's indication
Adrenal insufficiency
47
Alendronate's mechanism
Slows bone resorption. Does not affect growth or mineralization.
48
Alendronate's indication
Osteoporosis
49
Captopril's mechanism
Blocks Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) in lungs from turning angiotensin I into angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor that regulates RAAS, so captopril increases Na+ and water secretion.
50
Captopril's indication
Mostly HTN, but may be used in HF.
51
Diltiazem's mechanism
Inhibits movement of Ca+ across cardiac muscles. Decreases contractility, CO, VR, and O2 consumption.
52
Diltiazem's indication
HTN, angina, and prevention of preterm labor
53
Metoprolol's mechanism
Blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart. Decreases stimulus from SNS. Decreases CO, O2 consumption, and blood pressure.
54
Metoprolol's indication
HTN, HF, afib
55
Nitroprusside's mechanism
Vasodilator. Acts directly on smooth muscles of blood vessels.
56
Nitroprusside's indication
HTN
57
Epinephrine/dopamine's mechanism
It's adrenaline. Causes sympathetic reaction.
58
Epinephrine/dopamine's indications
Anaphylaxis, septic shock, asthma
59
Nitroglycerin's mechanism
Vasodilator
60
Nitroglycerin's indications
Angina and MI
61
Digoxin's mechanism
Increases flow of Ca+ into cardiac muscle, increasing contractility. Increased CO. Decreased heart rate. Increased renal perfusion and urination.
62
Digoxin's indications
HF and afib
63
Atorvastatin's mechanism
Inhibits last step of cholesterol formation. Lowers LDL. Slightly raises HDL.
64
Atorvastatin's indications
Hyperlipidemia, high cholesterol, related conditions
65
Sodium bicarbonate's mechanism
Directly raises pH of stomach. Lessens esophageal damage/irritation in GERD. Protects mucosa of stomach from damage.
66
Sodium bicarbonate's indications
GERD, PUD, metabolic acidosis
67
Omeprazole's mechanism
Blocks proton pump from raising acidity of stomach.
68
Omeprazole's indications
GERD, PUD, H. pylori infection
69
Misoprostol's mechanism
Inhibits proton release from histamine receptors
70
Misoprostol's indications
Ulcers from NSAIDs, prevent ulcers, induce labor, stop uterine bleeding, abortifacient
71
Bisacodyl's mechanism
Stimulates nerves in intestines to cause peristalsis.
72
Bisacodyl's indications
Constipation without blockage, prep for colonoscopy, induce labor
73
Magnesium citrate's mechanism
Draws fluid into GI tract which is absorbed by stool
74
Magnesium citrate's indications
Constipation if not dehydrated, bowel evacuation before procedure/operation
75
Mineral oil's mechanism
Coats stool to prevent water loss. Adds slippery coating to stool.
76
Mineral oil's indication
Constipation
77
Loperamide's mechanism
Increases fluid reabsorption in GI, decreases peristalsis
78
Loperamide's indication
Diarrhea (possibly from infection)
79
Ondansetron's mechanism
Suppresses vomiting center of brain. Blocks 5-HT3 receptors
80
Ondansetron's indication
N/V from chemotherapy
81
Hydrochlorothiazide's mechanism
Increases Na+ excretion in urine. Increases urination
82
Hydrochlorothiazide's indications
1st med for HTN and edema
83
Spironolactone's mechanism
Retains K+ while secreting Na+.
84
Spironolactone's indications
HTN, edema, hypokalemia
85
Furosemide's mechanism
Filters large amounts of fluid, Na+, and K+. Extra powerful.
86
Furosemide's indications
HTN, pulmonary edema, HF, hyperkalemia
87
Bethanecol's mechanism
Binds to and activates cholinergic receptors
88
Bethanecol's indications
Urinary retention without obstructions, GERD
89
Heparin/enoxaparin's mechanism
Blocks formation of thrombin, preventing new clots
90
Heparin/enoxaparin's indications
DVT, stroke, TIA, MI
91
Warfarin's mechanism
Blocks clotting factors dependent on vitamin K (7, 9, 10, prothrombin)
92
Warfarin's indications
DVT, stroke, TIA, MI
93
Immune globulin mechanism and indication
It's an antibody in a vaccine and it gives you passive immunity
94
Gentamycin's mechanism
Inhibits protein synthesis in gram negative bacteria
95
Gentamycin's indications
Infection from gram negative bacteria
96
Cefaclor's mechanism
Inhibits synthesis of bacterial cell walls during division
97
Cefaclor's indications
Bacterial infection: Respiratory, dermatological, UTI, middle ear
98
Amoxicillin's mechanism
Inhibits cell wall synthesis
99
Amoxicillin's indications
Bacterial infection
100
Rimantadine's mechanism
Not entirely known. Probably stops virus from shedding protein case and entering cells.
101
Rimantadine's indications
Viral respiratory infection, influenza A, prevention of infection in children
102
Clotrimazole's mechanism
Binds to fungal membrane. Changes permeability. Cell leaks and absorbs toxins.
103
Clotrimazole's indication
A few fungal infections (candidiasis)
104
Methotrexate's mechanism
Immunosuppressive. Kills cancer cells in S phase by mimicking metabolites used in DNA synthesis. Infiltrates cells and kills them.
105
Methotrexate's indication
Cancer (particularly malignant tumors)
106
Vincristine's mechanism
Targets cells in M phase. Blocks/alters DNA synthesis.
107
Vincristine's indications
Cancer (lymph leukemia, bladder/breast, Hodgkin’s)
108
Tamoxifen's mechanism
Anti estrogen. Blocks hormone receptor sites in cancer cells. Slows tumor growth.
109
Tamoxifen's indications
Cancer (breast, ovary, uterus, prostate, testes)
110
Aspirin's mechanism
Inhibits synthesis of prostaglandins. Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antiplatelet effect.
111
Aspirin's indications
Pain with fever or inflammation (RA, OA). Disease from clots (MI, stroke, DVT prevention).
112
Ibuprofen's mechanism
Inhibits synthesis of prostaglandins. Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic effect.
113
Ibuprofen's indications
Pain with fever or inflammation (RA, OA). Migraine.
114
Acetaminophen's mechanism
Stimulates hypothalamus to cause sweating and vasodilation.
115
Acetaminophen's indications
Pain with fever
116
Morphine's mechanism
Stimulates opioid receptors. Analgesic, sedation, euphoria.
117
Naloxone's mechanism
Opioid receptor antagonist
118
Lidocaine's mechanism
Inhibits depolarization of nociceptors
119
Diazepam's mechanism
Enhances effects of GABA in limbic system.
120
Diazepam's indications
Muscle rigidity/spasms. Seizures. Alcohol withdrawal. Anxiety
121
Donepezil's mechanism
Stops breakdown of ACH. Increases ACH in brain. Manages ALZ progression.
122
Donepezil's indications
Mild-moderate Alzheimer's disease.
123
Phenytoin's mechanism
Stabilizes membrane by altering sodium levels in serum. Raises seizure threshold.
124
Phenytoin's indications
Seizures.
125
Carbemazepine's mechanism
Alters Na+ in serum and GABA in brain. Raises seizure threshold.
126
Carbemazepine's indications
Seizures. Trigeminal neuralgia.
127
Cannabis's mechanism
Blocks GABA. Increases dopamine. Causes increase in appetite.
128
Cannabis's indications
Cachexia and pain.
