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Pharmacology > Drugs, Mechanisms, and Indications > Flashcards

Drugs, Mechanisms, and Indications Flashcards

1
Q

Fluoxetine’s mechanism

A

Stops 5-HT from going back to the pre-synaptic neuron. Does no effect NE.

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2
Q

Fluoxetine’s indications

A

Depression, anxiety

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3
Q

Duloxetine’s mechanism

A

Stops 5-HT and NE from going back to the pre-synaptic neuron.

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4
Q

Duloxetine’s indications

A

Depression, anxiety, neuropathic pain

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5
Q

Bupropion’s mechanism

A

Stops 5-HT, NE, and dopamine from going back to the pre-synaptic neuron.

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6
Q

Bupropion’s indications

A

Depression, anxiety, fibromyalgia, quit smoking

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7
Q

Chlorpromazine’s mechanism

A

Blocks dopamine receptors in part of brain related to nausea and staying awake. Sedative effect.

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8
Q

Chlorpromazine’s indications

A

Schizophrenia, pre-operative anxiety

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9
Q

Clozapine’s mechanism

A

Blocks dopamine and 5-HT receptors. Depresses the RAS.

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10
Q

Clozapine’s indications

A

Schizophrenia, nausea, mania

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11
Q

Lithium’s mechanism

A

Acts like sodium. Prevents release of NE and dopamine.

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12
Q

Lithium’s indications

A

Bipolar

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13
Q

Levothyroxine’s mechanism

A

Straight up replaces T4

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14
Q

Levothyroxine’s indication

A

Hypothyroidism

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15
Q

Methimazole’s mechanism

A

Inhibits production of TH in thyroid

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16
Q

Methimazole’s indication

A

Hyperthyroidism

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17
Q

Glyburide’s mechanism

A

Stimulates beta cells in pancreas to produce/release insulin.

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18
Q

Glyburide’s indication

A

DM2 only and only if the pt still has functional beta cells.

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19
Q

Metformin’s mechanism

A

Stimulates cells to take up more glucose.

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20
Q

Metformin’s indication

A

DM2

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21
Q

Pioglitazone’s mechanism

A

Decreases insulin resistance.

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22
Q

Pioglitazone’s indication

A

DM2

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23
Q

Insulin’s mechanism

A

Replaces insulin.

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24
Q

Insulin’s indications

A

DM1 and DM2

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25
Q

Glucagon’s mechanism

A

Converts glycogen to glucose. Increases blood glucose.

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26
Q

Glucagon’s indication

A

Severe hypoglycemia and possible coma

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27
Q

Dextromethorphan’s mechanism

A

Blocks cough reflex in CNS and PNS. Depresses cough center in brain. Sedative effect.

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28
Q

Dextromethorphan’s indication

A

Nonproductive cough

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29
Q

Pseudoephedrine’s mechanism

A

Decreases blood flow to upper respiratory tract. Decreases secretions by local vasoconstriction of those mucous membranes.

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30
Q

Pseudoephedrine’s indications

A

Clogged nasal passage. Hay fever. Allergic rhinitis.

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31
Q

Diphenhydramine’s mechanism

A

Blocks release of histamines. Blocks inflammatory response.

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32
Q

Diphenhydramine’s indications

A

Allergies. Motion sickness, N/V. Cough. Sleep aide

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33
Q

Guaifenesin’s mechanism

A

Liquifies mucus/fluids in the lungs so they can be expectorated.

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34
Q

Guaifenesin’s indications

A

Productive cough.

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35
Q

Albuterol’s mechanism

A

Binds to beta-2 adrenergic receptors to relax smooth muscle of airways.

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36
Q

Albuterol’s indication

A

Acute bronchospasm

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37
Q

Ipratropium’s mechanism

A

Blocks muscarinic receptors in bronchi.

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38
Q

Ipratropium’s indication

A

Acute bronchospasm

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39
Q

Levodopa’s mechanism

A

It’s a dopamine precursor. Crosses blood brain barrier. Is converted to dopamine.

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40
Q

Levodopa’s indication

A

Parkinson’s

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41
Q

Benztropine’s mechanism

A

Anticholinergic effect by blocking cholinergic receptors. Relieves tremors & rigidity, dries mouth, lessens extrapyramidal symptoms.

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42
Q

Benztropine’s indications

A

Parkinson’s when levodopa loses effectiveness.

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43
Q

Prednisone’s mechanism

A

Enters cells. Binds to intracellular corticosteroid receptors. Inhibits synthesis of prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and histamines. Immunosuppressant and anti-inflammatory.

Increases blood glucose, increases fat, decreases protein. Helpful with kidney problems.

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44
Q

Prednisone’s indications

A

Multiple sclerosis, arthritis

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45
Q

Fludrocortisone’s mechanism

A

Powerful steroid. Used in conjunction with prednisone for kidney problems. Retains sodium while excreting potassium at the distal convoluted tubules of the nephron.

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46
Q

Fludrocortisone’s indication

A

Adrenal insufficiency

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47
Q

Alendronate’s mechanism

A

Slows bone resorption. Does not affect growth or mineralization.

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48
Q

Alendronate’s indication

A

Osteoporosis

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49
Q

Captopril’s mechanism

A

Blocks Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) in lungs from turning angiotensin I into angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor that regulates RAAS, so captopril increases Na+ and water secretion.

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50
Q

Captopril’s indication

A

Mostly HTN, but may be used in HF.

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51
Q

Diltiazem’s mechanism

A

Inhibits movement of Ca+ across cardiac muscles. Decreases contractility, CO, VR, and O2 consumption.

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52
Q

Diltiazem’s indication

A

HTN, angina, and prevention of preterm labor

53
Q

Metoprolol’s mechanism

A

Blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart. Decreases stimulus from SNS. Decreases CO, O2 consumption, and blood pressure.

54
Q

Metoprolol’s indication

A

HTN, HF, afib

55
Q

Nitroprusside’s mechanism

A

Vasodilator. Acts directly on smooth muscles of blood vessels.

56
Q

Nitroprusside’s indication

A

HTN

57
Q

Epinephrine/dopamine’s mechanism

A

It’s adrenaline. Causes sympathetic reaction.

58
Q

Epinephrine/dopamine’s indications

A

Anaphylaxis, septic shock, asthma

59
Q

Nitroglycerin’s mechanism

A

Vasodilator

60
Q

Nitroglycerin’s indications

A

Angina and MI

61
Q

Digoxin’s mechanism

A

Increases flow of Ca+ into cardiac muscle, increasing contractility. Increased CO. Decreased heart rate. Increased renal perfusion and urination.

62
Q

Digoxin’s indications

A

HF and afib

63
Q

Atorvastatin’s mechanism

A

Inhibits last step of cholesterol formation. Lowers LDL. Slightly raises HDL.

64
Q

Atorvastatin’s indications

A

Hyperlipidemia, high cholesterol, related conditions

65
Q

Sodium bicarbonate’s mechanism

A

Directly raises pH of stomach. Lessens esophageal damage/irritation in GERD. Protects mucosa of stomach from damage.

66
Q

Sodium bicarbonate’s indications

A

GERD, PUD, metabolic acidosis

67
Q

Omeprazole’s mechanism

A

Blocks proton pump from raising acidity of stomach.

68
Q

Omeprazole’s indications

A

GERD, PUD, H. pylori infection

69
Q

Misoprostol’s mechanism

A

Inhibits proton release from histamine receptors

70
Q

Misoprostol’s indications

A

Ulcers from NSAIDs, prevent ulcers, induce labor, stop uterine bleeding, abortifacient

71
Q

Bisacodyl’s mechanism

A

Stimulates nerves in intestines to cause peristalsis.

72
Q

Bisacodyl’s indications

A

Constipation without blockage, prep for colonoscopy, induce labor

73
Q

Magnesium citrate’s mechanism

A

Draws fluid into GI tract which is absorbed by stool

74
Q

Magnesium citrate’s indications

A

Constipation if not dehydrated, bowel evacuation before procedure/operation

75
Q

Mineral oil’s mechanism

A

Coats stool to prevent water loss. Adds slippery coating to stool.

76
Q

Mineral oil’s indication

A

Constipation

77
Q

Loperamide’s mechanism

A

Increases fluid reabsorption in GI, decreases peristalsis

78
Q

Loperamide’s indication

A

Diarrhea (possibly from infection)

79
Q

Ondansetron’s mechanism

A

Suppresses vomiting center of brain. Blocks 5-HT3 receptors

80
Q

Ondansetron’s indication

A

N/V from chemotherapy

81
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide’s mechanism

A

Increases Na+ excretion in urine. Increases urination

82
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide’s indications

A

1st med for HTN and edema

83
Q

Spironolactone’s mechanism

A

Retains K+ while secreting Na+.

84
Q

Spironolactone’s indications

A

HTN, edema, hypokalemia

85
Q

Furosemide’s mechanism

A

Filters large amounts of fluid, Na+, and K+. Extra powerful.

86
Q

Furosemide’s indications

A

HTN, pulmonary edema, HF, hyperkalemia

87
Q

Bethanecol’s mechanism

A

Binds to and activates cholinergic receptors

88
Q

Bethanecol’s indications

A

Urinary retention without obstructions, GERD

89
Q

Heparin/enoxaparin’s mechanism

A

Blocks formation of thrombin, preventing new clots

90
Q

Heparin/enoxaparin’s indications

A

DVT, stroke, TIA, MI

91
Q

Warfarin’s mechanism

A

Blocks clotting factors dependent on vitamin K (7, 9, 10, prothrombin)

92
Q

Warfarin’s indications

A

DVT, stroke, TIA, MI

93
Q

Immune globulin mechanism and indication

A

It’s an antibody in a vaccine and it gives you passive immunity

94
Q

Gentamycin’s mechanism

A

Inhibits protein synthesis in gram negative bacteria

95
Q

Gentamycin’s indications

A

Infection from gram negative bacteria

96
Q

Cefaclor’s mechanism

A

Inhibits synthesis of bacterial cell walls during division

97
Q

Cefaclor’s indications

A

Bacterial infection: Respiratory, dermatological, UTI, middle ear

98
Q

Amoxicillin’s mechanism

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis

99
Q

Amoxicillin’s indications

A

Bacterial infection

100
Q

Rimantadine’s mechanism

A

Not entirely known. Probably stops virus from shedding protein case and entering cells.

101
Q

Rimantadine’s indications

A

Viral respiratory infection, influenza A, prevention of infection in children

102
Q

Clotrimazole’s mechanism

A

Binds to fungal membrane. Changes permeability. Cell leaks and absorbs toxins.

103
Q

Clotrimazole’s indication

A

A few fungal infections (candidiasis)

104
Q

Methotrexate’s mechanism

A

Immunosuppressive. Kills cancer cells in S phase by mimicking metabolites used in DNA synthesis. Infiltrates cells and kills them.

105
Q

Methotrexate’s indication

A

Cancer (particularly malignant tumors)

106
Q

Vincristine’s mechanism

A

Targets cells in M phase. Blocks/alters DNA synthesis.

107
Q

Vincristine’s indications

A

Cancer (lymph leukemia, bladder/breast, Hodgkin’s)

108
Q

Tamoxifen’s mechanism

A

Anti estrogen. Blocks hormone receptor sites in cancer cells. Slows tumor growth.

109
Q

Tamoxifen’s indications

A

Cancer (breast, ovary, uterus, prostate, testes)

110
Q

Aspirin’s mechanism

A

Inhibits synthesis of prostaglandins. Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antiplatelet effect.

111
Q

Aspirin’s indications

A

Pain with fever or inflammation (RA, OA). Disease from clots (MI, stroke, DVT prevention).

112
Q

Ibuprofen’s mechanism

A

Inhibits synthesis of prostaglandins. Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic effect.

113
Q

Ibuprofen’s indications

A

Pain with fever or inflammation (RA, OA). Migraine.

114
Q

Acetaminophen’s mechanism

A

Stimulates hypothalamus to cause sweating and vasodilation.

115
Q

Acetaminophen’s indications

A

Pain with fever

116
Q

Morphine’s mechanism

A

Stimulates opioid receptors. Analgesic, sedation, euphoria.

117
Q

Naloxone’s mechanism

A

Opioid receptor antagonist

118
Q

Lidocaine’s mechanism

A

Inhibits depolarization of nociceptors

119
Q

Diazepam’s mechanism

A

Enhances effects of GABA in limbic system.

120
Q

Diazepam’s indications

A

Muscle rigidity/spasms. Seizures. Alcohol withdrawal. Anxiety

121
Q

Donepezil’s mechanism

A

Stops breakdown of ACH. Increases ACH in brain. Manages ALZ progression.

122
Q

Donepezil’s indications

A

Mild-moderate Alzheimer’s disease.

123
Q

Phenytoin’s mechanism

A

Stabilizes membrane by altering sodium levels in serum. Raises seizure threshold.

124
Q

Phenytoin’s indications

A

Seizures.

125
Q

Carbemazepine’s mechanism

A

Alters Na+ in serum and GABA in brain. Raises seizure threshold.

126
Q

Carbemazepine’s indications

A

Seizures. Trigeminal neuralgia.

127
Q

Cannabis’s mechanism

A

Blocks GABA. Increases dopamine. Causes increase in appetite.

128
Q

Cannabis’s indications

A

Cachexia and pain.

Pharmacology (2 decks)

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