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Drugs List > Drugs List > Flashcards

Drugs List Flashcards

1
Q

Calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate

A

Antacid

Buffers gastric acid, raising pH

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2
Q

Aluminium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide

A

Antacid

Buffers gastric acid, raising pH

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3
Q

Antacids (2)

A

Calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate

Aluminium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide

Buffers gastric acid, raising pH

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4
Q

Sodium alginate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate

A

Alginate

Anionic polysaccharides

Increase the viscosity of stomach contents by forming a viscous gel upon binding water. Protects the oesophageal mucosa from acid reflux

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5
Q

Alginates (1)

A

Sodium alginate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate

Anionic polysaccharides

Increase the viscosity of stomach contents by forming a viscous gel upon binding water. Protects the oesophageal mucosa from acid reflux

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6
Q

Histamine H2-receptor antagonists (2)

A

Ranitidine

Cimetidine

Competitively inhibit histamine actions at H2 receptors

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7
Q

Ranitidine

A

Histamine H2-receptor antagonist

Competitively inhibit histamine actions at H2 receptors on parietal cells

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8
Q

Cimetidine

A

Competitively inhibit histamine actions at H2 receptors on parietal cells

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9
Q

What else does cimetidine do?

A

Inhibit cytochrome P450 enzymes (liver)

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10
Q

Proton pump inhibitors (2)

A

Omeprazole

Lansoprazole

Irreversibly inhibit the H+/K+-ATPase pump, the terminal step in the acid secretory pathway.

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11
Q

Omeprazole

A

Proton pump inhibitor

Irreversibly inhibit the H+/K+-ATPase pump, the terminal step in the acid secretory pathway.

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12
Q

Lansoprazole

A

Proton pump inhibitor

Irreversibly inhibit the H+/K+-ATPase pump, the terminal step in the acid secretory pathway.

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13
Q

List some characteristics of PPIs

A

Inactive at neutral pH

Enteric coated tablets - higher doses leads to disproportionate increase in plasma levels

Accumulate in secretory canaliculi of parietal cells - very specific

More effective that H2-receptor antagonists

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14
Q

How do NSAIDs impair the renewal of the gastric mucosal barrier?

A

Inhibit the action of the enzyme COX.

COX converts arachidonic acid into prostaglandin E2

PGE2 stimulates gastric mucus production and inhibits gastric acid production

If PGE2 is inhibited, less mucus is made, less gastric protection, more likely to ulcerate

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15
Q

How does H pylori produce gastric ulcers?

A

Produces and secretes urease, which breaks down urea into CO2 and NH3 (Imonia)

NH3 neutralises gastric acid.

H. pylori penetrates mucus barrier, facilitating acid penetration.

NH3, other bacterial products, and acid damage epithelial cells.

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16
Q

List the 4 types of purgatives

A

Bulk laxatives

Osmotic laxatives

Faecal softeners

Stimulant purgatives

17
Q

Bulk laxatives (2)

A

Methylcellulose

Isphagula husk

Polysaccharide polymers not broken down by the normal process of digestion

Retain water in the GI lumen, softening and increasing faecal bulk, promote motility

18
Q

Methylcellulose

A

Bulk laxative

Polysaccharide polymers not broken down by the normal process of digestion

Retain water in the GI lumen, softening and increasing faecal bulk, promote motility

19
Q

Isphagula husk

A

Bulk laxative

Polysaccharide polymers not broken down by the normal process of digestion

Retain water in the GI lumen, softening and increasing faecal bulk, promote motility

20
Q

What class of drugs are a good first choice in constipation and IBS?

A

Bulk laxatives

21
Q

Osmotic laxatives (3)

A

Magnesium sulphate and magnesium hydroxide (saline purgatives)

Macrogols - ethylene glycol

Lactulose - synthetic disaccharide of fructose and galactose (acts like lactose)

Maintain an increased volume of fluid in the GI tract.

Accelerates SI transit resulting in large volume of fluid entering the colon

Distention leads to purgation

22
Q

Magnesium sulphate and magnesium hydroxide

A

Saline purgative - osmotic laxative

Maintain an increased volume of fluid in the GI tract.

Accelerates SI transit resulting in large volume of fluid entering the colon

Distention leads to purgation

23
Q

Macrogols

A

Osmotic laxatives

Ethylene glycol

Maintain an increased volume of fluid in the GI tract.

Accelerates SI transit resulting in large volume of fluid entering the colon

Distention leads to purgation

24
Q

Lactulose

A

Osmotic laxative

synthetic disaccharide of fructose and galactose (acts like lactose)

Maintain an increased volume of fluid in the GI tract.

Accelerates SI transit resulting in large volume of fluid entering the colon

Distention leads to purgation

25
Q

Which drug is useful in treating opioid constipation and chronic constipation?

A

Lactulose

26
Q

Faecal softeners (2)

A

Docusate

Arachis oil enema

Anionic surfactants: lower surface tension at oil-water interface, allowing water or fats to enter the stool.

Faecal matter is softened.

27
Q

Docusate

A

Faecal softener

Anionic surfactants: lower surface tension at oil-water interface, allowing water or fats to enter the stool.

Faecal matter is softened.

28
Q

Arachis oil enema

A

Faecal softener

Anionic surfactants: lower surface tension at oil-water interface, allowing water or fats to enter the stool.

Faecal matter is softened.

29
Q

Stimulant purgatives (2)

A

Bisacodyl (PR)

Stimulates rectal mucosa, resulting in mass movements and defaecation in 15-30 minutes

Senna

Anthracene combined with sugars. Bacterial action in colon releases free anthracene derivatives which have an effect on the myenteric plexus

30
Q

Bisacodyl

A

Stimulant purgative

Stimulates rectal mucosa, resulting in mass movements and defaecation in 15-30 minutes

31
Q

Senna

A

Stimulant purgative

Anthracene combined with sugars. Bacterial action in colon releases free anthracene derivatives which have an effect on the myenteric plexus

32
Q

Which drug has a direct effect on the myenteric plexus?

A

Senna

33
Q

Oral rehydration therapy

A

An isotonic or hypotonic solution of glucose and NaCl

34
Q

Anti-motility agents (2)

A

Loperamide

Codeine

Act on mui-opioid receptors in the myenteric plexus

Increases tone and rhythmic contractions of colon, but diminishes propulsive activity

Contracts pyloric, ileocaecal and anal sphincters

35
Q

Loperamide

A

Anti-motility agent

Act on mui-opioid receptors in the myenteric plexus

Increases tone and rhythmic contractions of colon, but diminishes propulsive activity

Contracts pyloric, ileocaecal and anal sphincters

Drugs List (1 decks)

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