Drugs & Lifestyle Uses Flashcards
What is lifestyle drugs?
What are the 3 types of lifestyle drugs?
Lifestyle drugs are used for non-medical purposes
Lifestyle drugs:
- give pleasure
- Cannabis, alcohol, cocaine, etc.
- modify appearance
- Botox, slimming agents, minoxidil etc.
- improve performance
- Anabolic steroids, human growth hormone, etc.
Give an example for drugs for pleasure that had previous clinical use but abused for lifestyle/recreational uses:
Cocaine as a local anaesthetic
Give an example for drugs for pleasure that had used primarily for recreational purposes now being used clinically:
Marijuana for pain management
Give 4 examples of drugs for appearance:
Botulinum Toxin (BTX):
Minoxidil
Dinitrophenol
Orlistat
What is Botulinum Toxin (BTX)?
• A neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium
Clostridium botulinum , which can be used for relief of
muscle spasm
- Used in cosmetics to decrease facial wrinkles
What is Minoxidil?
• A vasodilator originally developed for hypertension
- Its metabolite minoxidil sulfate increases blood
supply to hair follicles and thereby promotes new
hair growth
What is Dinitrophenol?
• A mitochondrial uncoupler that increases metabolism,
but instead of ATP, heat is generated (thermogenesis)
- Used in 1930s as a diet pill but was banned in US in
1938
What is Orlistat?
• A lipase inhibitor that prevents the breakdown of
dietary fat (triglycerides) used for the treatment of
obesity
- Is the only FDA approved obesity medication
available over-the-counter and can be used for
weight loss/thinning purposes in non-obese
individuals
Which organization publish updated list of prohibited substances for drugs in sport?
World-Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)
What are WADA’s 3 categories of prohibited substances/methods?
- Prohibited at all times (In- and Out-of-Competition)
- Prohibited In-Competition
- Prohibited in Particular Sports
Drugs in Sport
Anabolic Agents includes anabolic steroids such as: (6)
- Stanozolol
- Nandrolone (19-nortestosterone)
- Testosterone
- Tetrahydrogestrinone
- Androstenediol
- Clenbuterol
* Clenbuterol is a β 2 -adrenoceptor agonist that also
produces anabolic effects (unknown mechanism)
Drugs in Sport
Anabolic Agents - use for?
AE?
• Are agonists for androgenic receptors and increase
muscle development and *aggression (testosterone-
like effects)
• AE: *infertility, *tumor risk, *cardiovascular risk
Drugs in Sport
Human Growth Hormone use for?
AE?
• Produces similar actions as anabolic steroids but
without the accompanying *aggression and *changes
in sexual development/behavior
• Can also enhance recovery from injury
• AE: acromegaly, overgrowth of the jaw, thickening of
fingers and cardiac hypertrophy
Drugs in Sport
Erythropoietin - use for?
AE?
• Increases red blood cell formation and subsequent
oxygen carrying capacity of the blood
• AE: may increase risk of *hypertension and
*thrombosis
Drugs in Sport
What are some common stimulants that may be abused by athletes to improve performance? (5)
- Ephedrine
- Methylephedrine
- Fenfluramine
- Amiphenazole
- Caffeine