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Pharmocology > Drugs: Indications, Contraindications > Flashcards

Drugs: Indications, Contraindications Flashcards

1
Q

Adenosine

Classification:

Action:

Indications: (2)

Contraindications: (6)

A

Anti-arrhythmic

Slows the conduction of electrical impulses of the AV node

Indications:

  • Stable Recovery SVT
  • does not convert AF, atrial flutter, or VT

Contraindications:

  • Sick sinus syndrome
  • 2nd or 3rd degree heart block
  • Poison/drug induced tachycardia
  • Asthma
  • Bronchospasm
  • Known sensitivity
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2
Q

MAG Sulfate

Classification:

Action:

Indications: (5)

Contraindications: (3)

A

Electrolyte, mineral

Required for normal physiologic functioning. Mag is a cofactor in neurochemical transmission and muscular excitability. Controls seizures by blocking peripheral neuromuscular transmission. Mag is also a peripheral vasodilator and an inhibitor of platelet function.

Indications:

  • Torsades de pointes
  • cardiac arrhythmias ass with hypomagnesemia
  • eclampsia
  • seizure in preclampsia,
  • status asthmaticus.

Contra:

  • AV Block
  • GI Obstruction
  • use with caution in renal impairment
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3
Q

Amiodarone (Cordarone)

Classification:

Action:

Indications: 2

Contraindications: 5

A

Anti-arrhythmic

Acts directly on the myocardium to delay repolarization and increase the duration of the action potential

Indications:

  • Ventricular arrhythmias
  • Second line agent for atrial arrhythmias

Contraindications:

  • Sick sinus syndrome
  • 2nd and 3rd degree heart blocks
  • Cardiogenic shock
  • When bradycardia causes syncope
  • Sensitivity to benzyl alcohol and iodine
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4
Q

Atropine

Classification:

Action:

Indications (4)

Contraindications (6)

A

Anticholinergic (antimuscarinic)

Competes reversibly w/ acetylcholine at the site of the muscarinic receptor. Receptors affected in order of least sensitive, include: salivary, bronchial, sweat glands,
eye, heart and GI tract.

Indications:

  • Symptomatic bradycardia
  • Asystole or PEA
  • Nerve agent exposure
  • Organophosphate poisoning

Contraindications:

  • Acuta MI
  • Myasthemia gravis
  • GI Obstruction
  • Closed-angle glaucoma
  • Known sensitivity to atropine or sulfates
  • Will not be effective for infradonal(type2) AV Block and new 3rd degree block with wide QRS complex
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5
Q

Midazolam (Versed)

Classification:

Action:

Indications (3)

Contraindications (3)

A

Benzodiazepine (Benzos, tranquilizers)

Binds to the benzodiazepine receptor and enhances the effects of the brain chemical (neurotransmitter) GABA. Benzos act at the level of the limbic, thalamic, and hypothalamic regions of the CNS to produce short acting CNS depression (including sedation, skeletal muscle relaxation, and anticonvulsant activity.)

Indications:

  • Sedation
  • Anxiety
  • Skeletal muscle relaxation

Contraindications:

  • Acute-angle glaucoma
  • Pregnant women
  • Knows sensitivity
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6
Q

Glucagon

Classification:

Action:

Indications: (2)

Contraindications: (3)

A

Hormone

Converts Glycogen to glucose

Indications:

  • Hypoglycemia
  • Beta Blocker Overdose

Contraindications:

  • Pheochromocytoma
  • Insomnia
  • Known Sensitivity
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7
Q

Diazepam (Valium)

Classification:

Action:

Indications: (4)

Contraindications: (5)

A

Benzodiazepine, Schedule C-IV

Binds to the Benzodiazepine receptor and enhances the effects of GABA. Benzos act at the level of the limbic, thalamic, and hypothalamic regions of the CNS and can produce any levels of CNS depression required.

Indications:

  • Anxiety
  • Skeletal muscle relaxation
  • Alcohol withdrawal
  • Seizures

Contraindications:

  • Children younger than 6 months
  • Acute Angle Glaucoma
  • CNS Depression
  • Alcohol intoxication
  • Known Sensitivity
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8
Q

Dextrose (10,25,50%)

Classification:

Action:

Indication: (1)

Contraindication: (3)

A

Antihypoglycemic

Increases blood glucose concertation

Indication:
-Hypoglycemia

Contraindication:

  • Intracranial and Intraspinal Hemorrhage
  • Delerium Tremors
  • Solution is not clear, seals are not intact
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9
Q

Morphine Sulfate

Classification:

Action:

Indication: (2)

Contraindication:

A

Opiate agonist, schedule C-11, unlike Naloxone when binded w/ a receptor it does activate the receptor. When it binds to the receptor, it activates related nerve pathways that lead to unique physiological responses. Narcan Blocks these receptors.

Binds with opiod receptors. Morphine is capable of inducing hypotension by depression of the vasomotor centers of the brain, as well as release of the chemical histamine. In the management of angina, morphine reduces stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system caused by pain and anxiety reduction of sympathetic stimulation reduces HR, cardiac work, and myocardial oxygen consumption.

Indications:

  • Moderate to severe pain
  • Chest Pain ass w/ ACS, CHF, Pulmonary Edema

Contraindications:

  • Respiratory depression
  • Shock
  • Known Sensitivity
  • Use w/ Caution in Hypotension, acute bronchial asthma, respiratory insufficiency, head trauma.
  • May cause respiratory depression. Naloxone should be readily available to counteract.
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10
Q

Narcan (Naloxone)

Classification:

Action:

Indication: (2)

Contraindication: (2)

A

Opioid Antagonist

Binds to the opioid receptor and blocks the effect of narcotics.

Indications:

  • Narcotic overdose
  • Reversal of narcotics used for procedure related anesthesia

Contraindications:

  • Known sensitivity to Naloxone, nalmefene, or naltrexone
  • use w/ caution in pt w/ SVT arrhythmias, or other cardiac diseases, head trauma, brain tumor
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11
Q

Fentanyl

Classification:

Action:

Indication: (1)

Contraindication: (2)

A

Narcotic analgesic, Schedule C-II

Binds to the Opiate receptors, producing analgesia and euphoria.

Indications:
-Pain

Contraindications:

  • Known Sensitivity
  • Use w/ caution in traumatic brain injury, respiratory depression.
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12
Q

Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin)

Classification:

Action:

Indications: (3)

Contraindications: (3)

A

Bronchodilator, Beta Antagonist

Binds and stimulates beta2 receptors, resulting in relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle.

Indications:
Asthma
Bronchitis w/ bronchospasm
COPD

Contraindications:
Angioedema
Known Sensitivity
Use with caution in lactating patients
Cardiac Disorders and Cardiac Arrhythmias
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13
Q

Atrovent (Ipatropium Bromide)

Classification:

Action:

Indications: (2)

Contraindications: (4)

A

Bronchodilator, Anticholinergic

Antagonizes the acetylcholine receptor on bronchial smooth muscles, producing bronchodilation

Indications:
Asthama
Bronchospasm associated with COPD

Contraindications:
Closed-angle Glaucoma 
Bladder-neck Obstruction
Prostatic Hypertrophy 
Known sensitivity including peanuts or soybeans and Atropine or Atropine derivatives
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14
Q

Nitro (Nitrolingual, Nitroquick, Nitro-dur)

Classifications:

Action:

Indications: (4)

Contraindications: (11)

A 
Indications:
Angina 
Ongoing ischemic chest discomfort
Hypertension
Myocardial ischemic assc. With cocaine intoxication
Contraindications:
Hypotension
Severe Brady or Tachycardia
Right sided MI
Increased ICP
Intracranial Bleeding
Any ED med (Viagra, Cialis, Levitral)
Known sensitivity to Nitrates
Use w/ caution in Anemia
Closed-Angle Glaucoma
Hypotension/Postural Hypotension
Uncorrected Hypoyvelemia.
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15
Q

Epinephrine (Adrenaline)

Classification

Action

Indications: (3)

Contraindications: (9)

A

-

-

Indications:
Bronchospasm
Allergic & Anaphylactic reactions
Restoration of Cardiac activity in Cardiac Arrest

Contraindications:
Arrhythmias other than VF, Asystole, PEA,
Cardiac Disease
Hypertension
Cerebrovascular Disease
Shock Secondary to causes other than Anaphylactic Shock
Closed-Angle Glaucoma
Diabetes
Pregnant women in active labor
Known sensitivity to EPI or active sulfates

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16
Q

Aspirin, ASA

Classification:

Action:

Indication: (5)

Contraindication: (6)

A

-

-

Indications:
Fever
Inflammation
Angina
AMI
Pt complaining of pain, crushing or squeezing in the chest that may be cardiac in origin.
Contraindications:
GI Bleeding
Active Ulcer Disease
Hemorrhagic Stroke
Bleeding Disorders
Children w/ chicken pox or or Flu like symptoms
Known sensitivity

Pharmocology (2 decks)

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