Drugs in sports lectures

Question 1

What does angiotensin converting enzyme usually do?

Answer 1

convert angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2

Question 2

angiotensin 2 is a potent

Answer 2

vasoconstrictor

Question 3

Insulin-like growth factor 1 acts through which type of receptor?

Answer 3

Plasma membrane receptor tyrosine kinase

Question 4

Insulin like growth factor 1 stimulates

Answer 4

muscle hypertrophy

Question 5

DNA can be methylated on which nucleotide?

Answer 5

cytosine

Question 6

DNA methylation does which of the following?

Answer 6

inhibits gene transcription

Question 7

In terms of DNA methylation, exercise has been associted with which of the following?

Answer 7

hypomethylation of selected DNA

Question 8

VO2 max is considered an indicator of what?

Answer 8

maximum volume of oxygen that can be used

Question 9

Vo2 max

Answer 9

is determined by many genes

Question 10

the world anti doping agency (WADA) has banned steroids

Answer 10

at all times

Question 11

tostesterone acts directly on the

Answer 11

androgen receptor

Question 12

which best describes the effects of tostesterone?

Answer 12

androgenic and anabolic

Question 13

which of the following best describes the mechanism through which testesterone cause its anabolic effects

Answer 13

activation and dimerisation of androgen receptors allowing their translocation to the nucleus to regulate the transcriptional machinery

Question 14

changes in the anabolic activity of steroids are often caused by changes in which regions of the molecuele’?

Answer 14

cyclohexane rings

Question 15

which of the following best describes the effects of anabolic steroids on muscle?

Answer 15

increase pennation,fibre hypertrophy, increased myonuclear number, enhanced calcium release or sensitivity

Question 16

in their terms of their mechanism of action, amphetamines are considered as what type of agent?

Answer 16

sympathomimetic

Question 17

amphetamines are thought to enter neurons by which mechanisms

Answer 17

uptake 1 and diffusion

Question 18

the release of monoamines in response to amphetamines occurs by what mechanisms?

Answer 18

uptake 1 transporter

Question 19

the vertebral column is a major part of the

Answer 19

axial skeleton

Question 20

which part of the skeleton is associated with movement?

Answer 20

appendicular skeleton

Question 21

the humerus is an example of which type of bone?

Answer 21

long bone

Question 22

an example of a sesamoid bone is the

Answer 22

patella

Question 23

osteocytes are responsible for

Answer 23

maintaining metabolism;waste and nutrient exchange

Question 24

long bones extend in length by growing from the middle

Answer 24

false

Question 25

in long bones red bone marrow is present mainly in the diaphysis

Answer 25

false

Question 26

which of the following joint types are associated with little or no movement

Answer 26

cartilaginous and fibrous

Question 27

ligaments join

Answer 27

bone to bone

Question 28

tendons join

Answer 28

muscle to bone

Question 29

the cartilage at articulating surface is

Answer 29

hyaline cartilage

Question 30

which two of the following are not used in the classification of synovial joints? this movement is in which plane

Answer 30

wedge, arch | saggital

Question 31

which cells are involved in bone resorption

Answer 31

osteoclasts

Question 32

levels of extracellular Ca2+ are maintained in the region of

Answer 32

1-2mM

Question 33

Ca2+ mobilisation from bone is enhanced by

Answer 33

parathyroid hormone from the parathyroid glands

Question 34

which cells that may link mechanical stress to bone remodelling?

Answer 34

osteocytes

Question 35

the detection of mechanical stress by osteocytes may include which of the following?

Answer 35

ion channels, integrins