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drugs in general Flashcards

1
Q

drug classes what inhibit cell wall synthesis

A

Beta lactams and glycopeptides

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2
Q

Beta lactam antibiotic drugs

A

penicillins
cephalosporins
monobactams
carbapenems

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3
Q

Glycopeptide drugs

A

vancomycin

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4
Q

Antifolate/ antimetabolite drugs

A

Sulfonamides

trimethoprim

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5
Q

Drugs that disrupt nucleic acids

A

Fluoroquinolones

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6
Q

Protein synthesis inhibitors

A

30S drugs and 50S drugs

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7
Q

30S inhibitor drugs

A

Aminoglycosides

tetracyclines

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8
Q

50S inhibitor drugs

A

Macrolides
chloramphenicol
clindamycin
oxazolidinones

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9
Q

bacteria that are resistant to penicillin

A

secrete beta lactamase that degrade the beta lactam ring.

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10
Q

gram - drug resistance

A

Have deminished porin expression so drung can’t diffuse into the cell.

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11
Q

methacilin resistant bacteria mechanism

A

have mutated PBPs (plasma binding proteins)

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12
Q

vanco resistant bacteria mechanism

A

the replacement of D-ala in the cell wall with D-lactate which prevents glycopeptide drugs from working.

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13
Q

erythromycin resistance mechanism

A

erythromycin targets the 50s ribosome. ERM gene expression on the ribosome that prevents erythromycin from binding.

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14
Q

penicillin adverse effects

A

hypersensitivity

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15
Q

cephalosporin adverse effects

A

hypersensitivity

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16
Q

aminoglycosides adverse effects

A

nephrotoxicity
ototoxicity / vestibular toxicitiy
neuromuscular blockade

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17
Q

tetracyclines adverse effects

A

deposition in bone

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18
Q

fluoroquinolones adverse effects

A

cartilage / tendon damage.

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19
Q

bactericidal antibiotic applications

A

when a patient has a sever infection or if the host defenses are lowered (immunosuppression).

we don’t need the body to help kill the replicated bug only the drug. (don’t kill dormant bacteria)

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20
Q

bactericidal agents

A

beta lactams
glycopeptides
aminoglycosides
fluoroquinolones

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21
Q

beta lactams target

A

transpeptidase PBPs

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22
Q

Glycopeptide target

A

“vanco” and target is transglycosylase

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23
Q

aminoglycoside target

A

30S ribosome

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24
Q

Fluoroquinolone target

A

DNA gyrate/ topoisomerase

25
concentration dependent antibiotics
Aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones helps prevent toxic activity and having it at a high concentration for a shorter time helps kill things faster
26
time dependent antibiotics
beta lactams glycopeptides linezolid macrolides
27
bacteriostatic agents
50S ribosome drugs - chloramphenicol - clindamycin - macrolides - oxazolidinones 30S drugs -tetracyclines antifolaxe drugs - trimethoprin - sulfonamides these drugs require a host defense mechanism
28
prophylaxis
when we treat a person so they don't get a infection
29
empirical treatment
when a patient presents to us with a infection and symptoms and we don't know exactly what the bug is, we give them a drug that covers a little bit of everything so we can help prevent it from getting worse
30
definitive treatment
this happens when we have a culture and identify what bacteria it is. we then tailor our treatment to whatever the bug is. the empirical treatment could be correct or not and we need to change.
31
community acquired pneumonia bugs
S. pneumonia -most common H. influenza (gram -) -happens in COPD patients M. catarrhalis. (gram -) happens in COPD patients.
32
drug abusers bacteria
staph aureus
33
alcoholic patient that has aspiration pneumonia
klebsiella pneumoniae (gram -)
34
pneumonia that is associated with HIV
pneumocystis jirovesii
35
pneumonia in an unvaccinated person
H. Influenza type B
36
Pneumonia that is hospital acquired
p. aeruginosa (gram - ) staph a. (MSSA, MRSA) klebsiella pneumoniae (gram - ) E. coli
37
treatment for pseudomonas aeruginosa
tobramycin + pipericillin or ticarcillin
38
treatment for klebsiella pneumonia
gentamicin + pipericillin or ticarcillin
39
brucellosis (cows) treatment
gentamicin + doxycycline
40
tetracycline MOA
bind to 30S subunit and block binding of aminoacyl -tRNA
41
tularemia (rabbit) infections treatment
gentamicin or a tetracycline
42
Yersinia pestis treatment
streptomycin + doxyxycline
43
aminoglycocide MOA
binds to 30S subunit and causes a wrong amino-acid to be places in the ribosome. will cause a protein with the wrong AA sequence to be made which is unfunctional.
44
bacteria resistant to aminoglycocies MOA
1: depletion / deficit of porins (MDR) 2: O2 deficit / anerobic bacteria. need oxygen dependent transport 3: enzymatic alteration : acetylation, phosphorylation, adenylation 4: mutation of 30S ribosome
45
bacteria associated with cystic fibrosis
S. aureus. | Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
46
empirical therapy used for serious Gram - bacteria in penicillin allergy patients
Aztreonman a carbapenem
47
Grade 1 cephalosporin use
used for surgical prophylaxis
48
Cephalexin
1st gen cephalosporin
49
cefoxitin
Grade 2 cephalosporin used in anerobic bacteria like B. fragilis I.M.
50
Cefactor
Grade 2 cephaloposrin used in serum sickness.
51
Cefotaxime
Grade 3 cephalosporin | important because it enters CSF to kill meningitis.
52
sulfamethoxazole MOA
block dihydropteroate synthase that will prevent folate synthesis
53
Trimethoprim MOA
Blocks dihydrofolate reductase -> prevents folate formation.
54
positive cold agglutinins test
mycoplasma pneumonia -> use macrolides
55
Macrolide drugs
erythromycin, clarithromycin azithromycin
56
fluoroquinolones MOA
Bind to DNA gyrate or topoisomerase IV and precent the replication fork.
57
VRSA or VRE treatment
Linezolid (a oxazolidinones)
58
clindamycin uses and adverse effect
a 50S inhibitor. A licosamide drug Used for anaerobes like bactericides fragility (associated with trauma) Major complication is C. diff infection.

respiratory med (3 decks)

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