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respiratory med > drugs in general > Flashcards

drugs in general Flashcards

1
Q

drug classes what inhibit cell wall synthesis

A

Beta lactams and glycopeptides

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2
Q

Beta lactam antibiotic drugs

A

penicillins
cephalosporins
monobactams
carbapenems

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3
Q

Glycopeptide drugs

A

vancomycin

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4
Q

Antifolate/ antimetabolite drugs

A

Sulfonamides

trimethoprim

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5
Q

Drugs that disrupt nucleic acids

A

Fluoroquinolones

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6
Q

Protein synthesis inhibitors

A

30S drugs and 50S drugs

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7
Q

30S inhibitor drugs

A

Aminoglycosides

tetracyclines

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8
Q

50S inhibitor drugs

A

Macrolides
chloramphenicol
clindamycin
oxazolidinones

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9
Q

bacteria that are resistant to penicillin

A

secrete beta lactamase that degrade the beta lactam ring.

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10
Q

gram - drug resistance

A

Have deminished porin expression so drung can’t diffuse into the cell.

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11
Q

methacilin resistant bacteria mechanism

A

have mutated PBPs (plasma binding proteins)

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12
Q

vanco resistant bacteria mechanism

A

the replacement of D-ala in the cell wall with D-lactate which prevents glycopeptide drugs from working.

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13
Q

erythromycin resistance mechanism

A

erythromycin targets the 50s ribosome. ERM gene expression on the ribosome that prevents erythromycin from binding.

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14
Q

penicillin adverse effects

A

hypersensitivity

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15
Q

cephalosporin adverse effects

A

hypersensitivity

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16
Q

aminoglycosides adverse effects

A

nephrotoxicity
ototoxicity / vestibular toxicitiy
neuromuscular blockade

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17
Q

tetracyclines adverse effects

A

deposition in bone

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18
Q

fluoroquinolones adverse effects

A

cartilage / tendon damage.

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19
Q

bactericidal antibiotic applications

A

when a patient has a sever infection or if the host defenses are lowered (immunosuppression).

we don’t need the body to help kill the replicated bug only the drug. (don’t kill dormant bacteria)

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20
Q

bactericidal agents

A

beta lactams
glycopeptides
aminoglycosides
fluoroquinolones

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21
Q

beta lactams target

A

transpeptidase PBPs

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22
Q

Glycopeptide target

A

“vanco” and target is transglycosylase

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23
Q

aminoglycoside target

A

30S ribosome

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24
Q

Fluoroquinolone target

A

DNA gyrate/ topoisomerase

25
Q

concentration dependent antibiotics

A

Aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones

helps prevent toxic activity and having it at a high concentration for a shorter time helps kill things faster

26
Q

time dependent antibiotics

A

beta lactams
glycopeptides
linezolid
macrolides

27
Q

bacteriostatic agents

A

50S ribosome drugs

  • chloramphenicol
  • clindamycin
  • macrolides
  • oxazolidinones

30S drugs
-tetracyclines

antifolaxe drugs

  • trimethoprin
  • sulfonamides

these drugs require a host defense mechanism

28
Q

prophylaxis

A

when we treat a person so they don’t get a infection

29
Q

empirical treatment

A

when a patient presents to us with a infection and symptoms and we don’t know exactly what the bug is, we give them a drug that covers a little bit of everything so we can help prevent it from getting worse

30
Q

definitive treatment

A

this happens when we have a culture and identify what bacteria it is. we then tailor our treatment to whatever the bug is. the empirical treatment could be correct or not and we need to change.

31
Q

community acquired pneumonia bugs

A

S. pneumonia -most common
H. influenza (gram -) -happens in COPD patients
M. catarrhalis. (gram -) happens in COPD patients.

32
Q

drug abusers bacteria

A

staph aureus

33
Q

alcoholic patient that has aspiration pneumonia

A

klebsiella pneumoniae (gram -)

34
Q

pneumonia that is associated with HIV

A

pneumocystis jirovesii

35
Q

pneumonia in an unvaccinated person

A

H. Influenza type B

36
Q

Pneumonia that is hospital acquired

A

p. aeruginosa (gram - )
staph a. (MSSA, MRSA)
klebsiella pneumoniae (gram - )
E. coli

37
Q

treatment for pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

tobramycin + pipericillin or ticarcillin

38
Q

treatment for klebsiella pneumonia

A

gentamicin + pipericillin or ticarcillin

39
Q

brucellosis (cows) treatment

A

gentamicin + doxycycline

40
Q

tetracycline MOA

A

bind to 30S subunit and block binding of aminoacyl -tRNA

41
Q

tularemia (rabbit) infections treatment

A

gentamicin or a tetracycline

42
Q

Yersinia pestis treatment

A

streptomycin + doxyxycline

43
Q

aminoglycocide MOA

A

binds to 30S subunit and causes a wrong amino-acid to be places in the ribosome. will cause a protein with the wrong AA sequence to be made which is unfunctional.

44
Q

bacteria resistant to aminoglycocies MOA

A

1: depletion / deficit of porins (MDR)
2: O2 deficit / anerobic bacteria. need oxygen dependent transport
3: enzymatic alteration : acetylation, phosphorylation, adenylation
4: mutation of 30S ribosome

45
Q

bacteria associated with cystic fibrosis

A

S. aureus.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

46
Q

empirical therapy used for serious Gram - bacteria in penicillin allergy patients

A

Aztreonman a carbapenem

47
Q

Grade 1 cephalosporin use

A

used for surgical prophylaxis

48
Q

Cephalexin

A

1st gen cephalosporin

49
Q

cefoxitin

A

Grade 2 cephalosporin
used in anerobic bacteria like B. fragilis
I.M.

50
Q

Cefactor

A

Grade 2 cephaloposrin used in serum sickness.

51
Q

Cefotaxime

A

Grade 3 cephalosporin

important because it enters CSF to kill meningitis.

52
Q

sulfamethoxazole MOA

A

block dihydropteroate synthase that will prevent folate synthesis

53
Q

Trimethoprim MOA

A

Blocks dihydrofolate reductase -> prevents folate formation.

54
Q

positive cold agglutinins test

A

mycoplasma pneumonia -> use macrolides

55
Q

Macrolide drugs

A

erythromycin,
clarithromycin
azithromycin

56
Q

fluoroquinolones MOA

A

Bind to DNA gyrate or topoisomerase IV and precent the replication fork.

57
Q

VRSA or VRE treatment

A

Linezolid (a oxazolidinones)

58
Q

clindamycin uses and adverse effect

A

a 50S inhibitor.
A licosamide drug
Used for anaerobes like bactericides fragility (associated with trauma)

Major complication is C. diff infection.

respiratory med (3 decks)

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