Drugs GIT

Question 1

Esomeprazole

Answer 1

irreversible PPI - relatively safe (often + NSAIDs)

Question 2

Ranitidine

Answer 2

Histamine H2-R antagonist

Question 3

Hyoscine butylbromide

Answer 3

Muscarinic receptor antagonist - antispasmodic

- stays local in gut and not absorbed into CNS

Question 4

Magnesium salts

Answer 4

Antacid - Diarrhoea

Question 5

Aluminium hydroxide

Answer 5

Antacid - constipation

Question 6

Calcium carbonate

Answer 6

Antacid - constipation

Question 7

CTZ chemoreceptors?

Answer 7

D2-R
5HT-3-R
NK1-R

Question 8

Vomiting center chemoreceptors?

Answer 8

Muscarinic

H1-R

Question 9

Promethazine

Answer 9

VC - H1 receptor antagonist

Question 10

Hyoscine hydrobromide

Answer 10

VC muscarinic receptor antagonist

Question 11

Metoclopramide

Answer 11

CTZ - D2-R antagonist - extrapyramidal side effects (parkinson like symptoms - e.g. dyskinesia)

in higher doses blocks 5HT3 and agonises 5HT4
5HT4 agonism ↑gut motility (ACh mediated) and helps with the absorption of drugs for people with nausea and migraines WITHOUT causing diarrhoea

Question 12

Prochlorperazine

Answer 12

CTZ - D2-R antagonist (Stematil)

Question 13

Ondansetron

Answer 13

CTZ - 5HT3 R antagonist

used in chemo patients, during pregnancy, and to prevent post op vomiting

Question 14

Examples of bulking agents?

Answer 14

Psyllium husk
Bran
Sipaghula husk
Sterculia

Question 15

Example of faecal softener?

Answer 15

Docusate (emulsifying effect)

Question 16

Example of osmotic laxative?

Answer 16

Magnesium sulphate (use with caution as can ↓fluids and electrolytes)

Question 17

Example of stimulant laxatives? (x2)

Answer 17

Bisacodyl and Senna

Question 18

Opioid antidiarrheal?

Answer 18

Loperamide (doesn’t cross BBB)

Question 19

An agent used for flatulence?

Answer 19

Simethicone

Question 20

What two drugs are usually prescribed together for patients with constipation? What do they do?

Answer 20

Senna (stimulant laxative) and Docusate (fecal softener)