Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

pharm final > drugs for lower respiratory disorders > Flashcards

drugs for lower respiratory disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what is COPD

A

airway obstruction with increased airway resistance to airflow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are major disorders that cause COPD

A

chronic bronchitis
bronchiectasis
emphysema
asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is restrictive lung disease

A

decrease in total lung capacity from fluid accumulation and loss of elasticity of the lung tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the etiology of restrictive lung disease

A 
pulmonary fibrosis
pneumontitis
lung tumors
thoracic deformitites (scoliosis)
myasthenia gravis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is asthma

A

inflammatory disorder of the airway walls associated with a varying amount of airway obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is asthma triggered by

A

stress
allergens
pollutants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are clinical manifestations of asthma

A

bronchospasm
wheezing
mucus secretions
dyspnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is chronic bronchitis

A

progressive lung disease caused by smoking or chronic lung infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are manifestations of chronic bronchiits

A 
bronchial inflammation
excessvie mucous secretion, productive cough
airway obstruction
rhonchi
hypercapnia 
respiratory acidosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is bronchiectasis

A

abnormal dilation of bronchi and bronchioles
caused by frequent infection and inflammation

bronchioles become obstructed by the breakdown of the epithelium of the bronchial mucosa

tissue fibrosis may result

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is emphysema

A

progressive lung disease
caused by: smoking, atmospheric contaminant, lack of alpha1 antitrypsin protein

prteolytic enzymes releaesd in the lung
terminal bronchioles become plugged with mucus
alveolar walls are destroyed
air trapped int he alveoli
inadequate gas exchange
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the bronchodilators: beta agonists

A 
nonselective adrenergics
nonselective beta adrenergics
selective beta 2 drugs
LABA
SABA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are nonselective adrenergic

A

stimulate alpha, beta1 (cardiac) and beta 2 (respiratory) receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is a drug example of nonselective adrenergic

A

epinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are nonselective beta adrenergic

A

stimulate both beta 1 and beta 2 receipts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are examples of nonselective beta adrenergic

A

isoproternol

metaproterenol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are selective beta 2 drugs

A

stimulate only beta 2 receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are examples of beta 2 drugs

A

albuterol
levalbuterol
salmeterol
terbutaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is LABA and examples

A 
long acting beta adrenergic 
formoterol
salmeterol
advair
symbicort
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is SABA and examples

A

short acting beta adrenergic
levalbuterol
albuterol
pirbuerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

long term control used to treat asthma

A

antikeukotrienes
cromolyn
inhaled steroids
LABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

quick relief used to treat asthma

A

intravenous systemic corticosteroids

SABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are drug examples of antileukotrienese for long term relief of asthma

A

montelukast

zileuton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is cromolyn for long term relief of asthma

A

mast cell stabilizer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what are drug examples of inhaled steroids for long term relief of asthma
fluticasone | triamcinolone
26
what are drug examples of LABA for long term relief of asthma
albuterol symbicort (busesonide+formoterol) advair (fluticasone + salmeterol)
27
what are drug examples of intravenous systemic corticosteroids for quick relief for asthma
hydrocortisone, dexamethasone
28
what are drug example of SABA for quick relief for asthma
levalbuterol, metaporternol, albuterol
29
what drug is used for nonselective adrenergics bronchodilators
epinephrine which stimulates alpha, beta 1 and beta 2
30
what is the action of epinephrine
increase cAMP in lung tissue causing bronchodilation restores circulation and increases airway potency
31
what is used as first line of defense in acute asthma attack or anaphylaxis
epinephrine | given subQ
32
what are side effects of epinephrine
palpitations, dizziness, nervousness, tremors, tachycardia, dysrhythmias hypertension
33
what drugs are used for selective beta 2 receptor agonists for bronchodilators
albuterol - -bronchodilation - rapid onset of action - longer duration of action - few side effects metaproterenol -administed oral, inhalation, metered dose inhaled nebulize
34
what are the 3 inhalation devices
Metered dose inhaler nebulizer dry powder inhaler (gargle after because thrush --cadida albicans)
35
what drugs are used for nonselecitve beta adrenergic agonists
isoproterenol
36
what is the action, side effects, administration of isoproterenol
action: relaxes smooth muscle of bronchi administration: IV, inhalation side effects: nervousness, tremors, restlessness, flushing, tachycardia, paliptations, hypertenison
37
what is the combination for symbicort
budesonide+ formoterol
38
what is the combination for advair
fluticasone + salmeterol
39
what is the combination for combivent
ipratripium bromide + albuterol
40
what is the combination for duller
mometasone + formoterol
41
what is the combination for bro ellipse
fluticasone propionate + vilanterol
42
bronchodilator anticholinergic drug tiotroprium used for
maintenance treatment of bronchospasm associated with COPD
43
how is tiotropium administered
by inhalation only with the handihaler device )dry powder capsule inhaler)
44
what are adverse effects of tiotropium
dry mouth, constipiation, vomitting, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, depression, insomnia, heachace, joint pain, peripheral edema, chest pain
45
what should we watch for while taking tiotropium
watch for heart rate because of tachycardia
46
brondilator anticholinergic drug ipratropium bromide used for
to treat asthma
47
what is the combination of ipratropium bromide with albuterol sulfate is used for
to treat chronic bronchitis
48
what is the action, administration and caution of ipatropium bromide
action: dilates broncioles admiistration: aerosol inhaler caution : narrow angle glacoma
49
the 2nd major group of bronchodilator to treat asthma are
methylxanthine derivatives
50
what are examples of methylxanthine derivatives
aminophylline, theophylline, dyphilline
51
what is the action of methylxanthine derivatives
relaxes smooth muscle of bronchi bronchioles increasing the cAMP promoting bronchodilation inhibits the enemy phosphodiesterase, thus increasing cyclic AMP promoting bronchodilation
52
what is the use of methylxanthine derivatives
maintenance therapy for chronic stable asthma
53
what is the therapeutic range of methylxanthine derivatives
10-20 mcg toxciity is greater than 20
54
why is theophylline not used as first line drug for treating COPD
no longer used because of potential serious adverse reactions (convulsions, dysrthymias, cardio respiratory collapse) IV theophylline is employed in emergencies
55
methylxanthine derivatives are not prescribed to patients with
seizure disorders, or cardiac, renal or liber disease
56
what increases the metabolism of theophylline
smoking tobacco which decreases the half life
57
what are the contradictions, administration, and s/e of aminophylline
contradictions: seizure, cardiac renal or liver disorders administration: IV, oral S/E: dysrthymias, nervousness, irritability, insomina, flushing, ddizziness, hypotension, seizures, GI distress, intestinal bleeding, hyperglycemian, tachycardia, palipitations, cardiorespiratory collapse,
58
what are drug examples of leukotriene receptor antagonists
zafirlukast montelukast zileuton
59
what is the action use and s/e of leukotriene receptor antagonists
action: reduct inflammatory process and decrease bronchoconstrcition use: prophylactic and maintenace for chronic asthma s/e: dizziness, headache, GI distress, abnormal liver enzymes nasal congestion, cough, pharyngitis
60
what are drug examples of glucocorticoids
beclomethasone | dexamethasone
61
what is the action and administration of glucocorticoids
action: anti-inflammatory effect administration - tablet: tramcinolone, dexamethasone, prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone - intravenous: dexamethasone, hydrocortisone - MDI inhaler: beclomethasone
62
what are some facts about inhaled glucocorticoids
not helpful in treating a severe asthma attack | may take 1-4 weeks for an inhaled steroid to reach its full effect
63
intravenous glucocorticoids are for
acute asthma exacerabations
64
table glucocorticoids are for
asthma that requires prolonged glucocoritocid therapy
65
side effects and adverse effects of glucocorticoids
orally inhaled: throat irritation, hoaresness, dry mouth adverse effects 2 weeks of therapy and generally reversible- oral injectable - --s/e: headache, euphoria, confusion, hyperglycemia, menstrual irregularities - --adverese effect: depreesion, peptic ulcer, lost of bone density, development of osteoporosis oral and IV prolonged periods--- electolye imblance, flid retention, hypertension, hyperglycemia
66
what is cromolyn
a mast cell stabilizer
67
what is the use of cromolyn
prophylactic treatment of bronchial asthma must be taken daily not to be used for acute asthmatic attack
68
what is the action, administration and SE of cromolyn
action: no bronchodilation, anti-inflammatory effect and suppression of release of histamine administration: inhalation SE: cough, bad taste, rebound bronchospasm
69
what age group is cromolyn is in commonly
children
70
what is nedocromil
mast cell stabilizer
71
what is the use for nedocromil
prophylactic treatment of bronchial asthma | not to be used for acute asthmatic attack
72
what is the action, admonition and se of nedocromil
action: antiinflmattory effect and suppression of release of histamine, leukotrienes and other mediatory from the mast cells administiration: inhalation SE: bad taste
73
which mast cell stabilizer is believe to be more effected
nedocromil
74
what drug example is a mucolytic
acetylcysteine and dornase alfa
75
what is the action, administration and antidote for acetylcysteine
action: liquifies and loosen thick mucus secretions adminsitation: administer 5 mint after a broncdilatory and should not be mixed with other drugs antidote: for acetaminophen overdose if within 12-24 hours give orally diluted in juice or soft drink
76
what is drones alfa
enzyme that digest DNA in thick sputum secretion of patient with cystic fibrosis
77
what drug example is antimicrobial
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxzole
78
what is trimethoprim-sulfamethoxzole used for
treatment of mild to moderate acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis from infectious causes

pharm final (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions