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pharm final > drugs for lower respiratory disorders > Flashcards

drugs for lower respiratory disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what is COPD

A

airway obstruction with increased airway resistance to airflow

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2
Q

what are major disorders that cause COPD

A

chronic bronchitis
bronchiectasis
emphysema
asthma

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3
Q

what is restrictive lung disease

A

decrease in total lung capacity from fluid accumulation and loss of elasticity of the lung tissue

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4
Q

what is the etiology of restrictive lung disease

A 
pulmonary fibrosis
pneumontitis
lung tumors
thoracic deformitites (scoliosis)
myasthenia gravis
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5
Q

what is asthma

A

inflammatory disorder of the airway walls associated with a varying amount of airway obstruction

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6
Q

what is asthma triggered by

A

stress
allergens
pollutants

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7
Q

what are clinical manifestations of asthma

A

bronchospasm
wheezing
mucus secretions
dyspnea

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8
Q

what is chronic bronchitis

A

progressive lung disease caused by smoking or chronic lung infections

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9
Q

what are manifestations of chronic bronchiits

A 
bronchial inflammation
excessvie mucous secretion, productive cough
airway obstruction
rhonchi
hypercapnia 
respiratory acidosis
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10
Q

what is bronchiectasis

A

abnormal dilation of bronchi and bronchioles
caused by frequent infection and inflammation

bronchioles become obstructed by the breakdown of the epithelium of the bronchial mucosa

tissue fibrosis may result

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11
Q

what is emphysema

A

progressive lung disease
caused by: smoking, atmospheric contaminant, lack of alpha1 antitrypsin protein

prteolytic enzymes releaesd in the lung
terminal bronchioles become plugged with mucus
alveolar walls are destroyed
air trapped int he alveoli
inadequate gas exchange
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12
Q

what are the bronchodilators: beta agonists

A 
nonselective adrenergics
nonselective beta adrenergics
selective beta 2 drugs
LABA
SABA
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13
Q

what are nonselective adrenergic

A

stimulate alpha, beta1 (cardiac) and beta 2 (respiratory) receptors

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14
Q

what is a drug example of nonselective adrenergic

A

epinephrine

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15
Q

what are nonselective beta adrenergic

A

stimulate both beta 1 and beta 2 receipts

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16
Q

what are examples of nonselective beta adrenergic

A

isoproternol

metaproterenol

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17
Q

what are selective beta 2 drugs

A

stimulate only beta 2 receptors

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18
Q

what are examples of beta 2 drugs

A

albuterol
levalbuterol
salmeterol
terbutaline

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19
Q

what is LABA and examples

A 
long acting beta adrenergic 
formoterol
salmeterol
advair
symbicort
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20
Q

what is SABA and examples

A

short acting beta adrenergic
levalbuterol
albuterol
pirbuerol

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21
Q

long term control used to treat asthma

A

antikeukotrienes
cromolyn
inhaled steroids
LABA

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22
Q

quick relief used to treat asthma

A

intravenous systemic corticosteroids

SABA

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23
Q

what are drug examples of antileukotrienese for long term relief of asthma

A

montelukast

zileuton

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24
Q

what is cromolyn for long term relief of asthma

A

mast cell stabilizer

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25
Q

what are drug examples of inhaled steroids for long term relief of asthma

A

fluticasone

triamcinolone

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26
Q

what are drug examples of LABA for long term relief of asthma

A

albuterol
symbicort (busesonide+formoterol)
advair (fluticasone + salmeterol)

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27
Q

what are drug examples of intravenous systemic corticosteroids for quick relief for asthma

A

hydrocortisone, dexamethasone

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28
Q

what are drug example of SABA for quick relief for asthma

A

levalbuterol, metaporternol, albuterol

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29
Q

what drug is used for nonselective adrenergics bronchodilators

A

epinephrine which stimulates alpha, beta 1 and beta 2

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30
Q

what is the action of epinephrine

A

increase cAMP in lung tissue causing bronchodilation

restores circulation and increases airway potency

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31
Q

what is used as first line of defense in acute asthma attack or anaphylaxis

A

epinephrine

given subQ

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32
Q

what are side effects of epinephrine

A

palpitations, dizziness, nervousness, tremors, tachycardia, dysrhythmias hypertension

33
Q

what drugs are used for selective beta 2 receptor agonists for bronchodilators

A

albuterol

  • -bronchodilation
  • rapid onset of action
  • longer duration of action
  • few side effects

metaproterenol
-administed oral, inhalation, metered dose inhaled nebulize

34
Q

what are the 3 inhalation devices

A

Metered dose inhaler
nebulizer
dry powder inhaler (gargle after because thrush –cadida albicans)

35
Q

what drugs are used for nonselecitve beta adrenergic agonists

A

isoproterenol

36
Q

what is the action, side effects, administration of isoproterenol

A

action: relaxes smooth muscle of bronchi
administration: IV, inhalation
side effects: nervousness, tremors, restlessness, flushing, tachycardia, paliptations, hypertenison

37
Q

what is the combination for symbicort

A

budesonide+ formoterol

38
Q

what is the combination for advair

A

fluticasone + salmeterol

39
Q

what is the combination for combivent

A

ipratripium bromide + albuterol

40
Q

what is the combination for duller

A

mometasone + formoterol

41
Q

what is the combination for bro ellipse

A

fluticasone propionate + vilanterol

42
Q

bronchodilator anticholinergic drug tiotroprium used for

A

maintenance treatment of bronchospasm associated with COPD

43
Q

how is tiotropium administered

A

by inhalation only with the handihaler device )dry powder capsule inhaler)

44
Q

what are adverse effects of tiotropium

A

dry mouth, constipiation, vomitting, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, depression, insomnia, heachace, joint pain, peripheral edema, chest pain

45
Q

what should we watch for while taking tiotropium

A

watch for heart rate because of tachycardia

46
Q

brondilator anticholinergic drug ipratropium bromide used for

A

to treat asthma

47
Q

what is the combination of ipratropium bromide with albuterol sulfate is used for

A

to treat chronic bronchitis

48
Q

what is the action, administration and caution of ipatropium bromide

A

action: dilates broncioles
admiistration: aerosol inhaler
caution : narrow angle glacoma

49
Q

the 2nd major group of bronchodilator to treat asthma are

A

methylxanthine derivatives

50
Q

what are examples of methylxanthine derivatives

A

aminophylline, theophylline, dyphilline

51
Q

what is the action of methylxanthine derivatives

A

relaxes smooth muscle of bronchi bronchioles increasing the cAMP promoting bronchodilation

inhibits the enemy phosphodiesterase, thus increasing cyclic AMP promoting bronchodilation

52
Q

what is the use of methylxanthine derivatives

A

maintenance therapy for chronic stable asthma

53
Q

what is the therapeutic range of methylxanthine derivatives

A

10-20 mcg

toxciity is greater than 20

54
Q

why is theophylline not used as first line drug for treating COPD

A

no longer used because of potential serious adverse reactions (convulsions, dysrthymias, cardio respiratory collapse)

IV theophylline is employed in emergencies

55
Q

methylxanthine derivatives are not prescribed to patients with

A

seizure disorders, or cardiac, renal or liber disease

56
Q

what increases the metabolism of theophylline

A

smoking tobacco which decreases the half life

57
Q

what are the contradictions, administration, and s/e of aminophylline

A

contradictions: seizure, cardiac renal or liver disorders
administration: IV, oral
S/E: dysrthymias, nervousness, irritability, insomina, flushing, ddizziness, hypotension, seizures, GI distress, intestinal bleeding, hyperglycemian, tachycardia, palipitations, cardiorespiratory collapse,

58
Q

what are drug examples of leukotriene receptor antagonists

A

zafirlukast
montelukast
zileuton

59
Q

what is the action use and s/e of leukotriene receptor antagonists

A

action: reduct inflammatory process and decrease bronchoconstrcition
use: prophylactic and maintenace for chronic asthma
s/e: dizziness, headache, GI distress, abnormal liver enzymes nasal congestion, cough, pharyngitis

60
Q

what are drug examples of glucocorticoids

A

beclomethasone

dexamethasone

61
Q

what is the action and administration of glucocorticoids

A

action: anti-inflammatory effect

administration

  • tablet: tramcinolone, dexamethasone, prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone
  • intravenous: dexamethasone, hydrocortisone
  • MDI inhaler: beclomethasone
62
Q

what are some facts about inhaled glucocorticoids

A

not helpful in treating a severe asthma attack

may take 1-4 weeks for an inhaled steroid to reach its full effect

63
Q

intravenous glucocorticoids are for

A

acute asthma exacerabations

64
Q

table glucocorticoids are for

A

asthma that requires prolonged glucocoritocid therapy

65
Q

side effects and adverse effects of glucocorticoids

A

orally inhaled: throat irritation, hoaresness, dry mouth

adverse effects 2 weeks of therapy and generally reversible- oral injectable

  • –s/e: headache, euphoria, confusion, hyperglycemia, menstrual irregularities
  • –adverese effect: depreesion, peptic ulcer, lost of bone density, development of osteoporosis

oral and IV prolonged periods— electolye imblance, flid retention, hypertension, hyperglycemia

66
Q

what is cromolyn

A

a mast cell stabilizer

67
Q

what is the use of cromolyn

A

prophylactic treatment of bronchial asthma
must be taken daily
not to be used for acute asthmatic attack

68
Q

what is the action, administration and SE of cromolyn

A

action: no bronchodilation, anti-inflammatory effect and suppression of release of histamine
administration: inhalation
SE: cough, bad taste, rebound bronchospasm

69
Q

what age group is cromolyn is in commonly

A

children

70
Q

what is nedocromil

A

mast cell stabilizer

71
Q

what is the use for nedocromil

A

prophylactic treatment of bronchial asthma

not to be used for acute asthmatic attack

72
Q

what is the action, admonition and se of nedocromil

A

action: antiinflmattory effect and suppression of release of histamine, leukotrienes and other mediatory from the mast cells
administiration: inhalation
SE: bad taste

73
Q

which mast cell stabilizer is believe to be more effected

A

nedocromil

74
Q

what drug example is a mucolytic

A

acetylcysteine and dornase alfa

75
Q

what is the action, administration and antidote for acetylcysteine

A

action: liquifies and loosen thick mucus secretions
adminsitation: administer 5 mint after a broncdilatory and should not be mixed with other drugs
antidote: for acetaminophen overdose if within 12-24 hours give orally diluted in juice or soft drink

76
Q

what is drones alfa

A

enzyme that digest DNA in thick sputum secretion of patient with cystic fibrosis

77
Q

what drug example is antimicrobial

A

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxzole

78
Q

what is trimethoprim-sulfamethoxzole used for

A

treatment of mild to moderate acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis from infectious causes

pharm final (4 decks)

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