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ati final pharm > DRUGS FOR INFECTION > Flashcards

DRUGS FOR INFECTION Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin contraindications

A

penicillin allergy, sensitivity to procaine, benzathine, renal impairment

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2
Q

penicillin interactions

A

probenecid, bacteriostatic agents, oral contraceptives

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3
Q

penicillin adverse effects

A

C diff, allergy, yeast infection

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4
Q

amoxicillin+ clauvlanic acid =

A

augmentin

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5
Q

How long after giving a penicillin injection should you monitor a client for anaphylaxis?

A

30 minutes

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6
Q

penicillin is usually extended release and should not be chewed up. But when can you chew it?

A

there is a chewable form for kids

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7
Q

cephalosporin adverse reactions

A

increased bleeding/hemorrhage with some. disulfiram like reaction with alcohol

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8
Q

cephalosporin contraindications

A

allergy, carnitine deficiency, milk protein allergy

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9
Q

cephalosporin interactions

A

probenecid, IV calcium, alcohol

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10
Q

What happens if you give cephalosporins and IV calcium together?

A

a precipitate will form in the line

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11
Q

What are monobactams given for?

A

lower respiratory, UTI, abdominal, and gynecological infections.

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12
Q

monobactam prototype

A

aztreonam

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13
Q

cephalosporin prototype

A

cephalexin , cefazolin, ceftriaxone

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14
Q

True or false : cephalosporins have 5 generations

A

true

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15
Q

How is aztreonam given?

A

IM/ IV/ nebulizer treatment

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16
Q

Can you infuse aztreonam in the same line as other drugs?

A

NO

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17
Q

carbapenems prototype

A

imipenem

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18
Q

what is imipenem given for?

A

multiple organisms

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19
Q

Labs to watch while on imipenem

A

AST, BUN, LDH, bilirubin, creatinine

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20
Q

how is imipenem given?

A

IM or IV

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21
Q

imipenem interactions

A

probenecid, cylclsporin

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22
Q

Vancomycin adverse reactions

A

Red man syndrome, renal failure, urticaria, vein irritation, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity

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23
Q

How is vancomycin given

A

oral mix with syrup, IV gets its own line or goes through a multi-lumen cath

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24
Q

vancomycin contraindications/precautions

A

renal failure, hearing loss, etc

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25
Q

vancomycin therapeutic level

A

keep it under 40

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26
Q

True or False : take tetracyclines with milk or food

A

false. they work best on an empty stomach.

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27
Q

Many bacteria resist tetracyclines, but they are still used for some things. What are they still used for?

A

chlamydia, mycoplasmal, typhus, rocky mt, syhpilis, cholera, anthrax, acne

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28
Q

What if you give tetracycline to someone and it’s expired and has been left out in the sun and then they go out in the sun too?

A

kidney disaster and sunburns and the meds won’t work

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29
Q

tetracycline prototype

A

tetracycline, doxycycline

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30
Q

doxycycline contraindications

A

pregnancy, children under 8, liver damage

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31
Q

tetracycline interactions

A

calcium, magnesium, antacids, iron, zinc, kavlin, oral contraceptives

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32
Q

macrolide prototype

A

erythromycin

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33
Q

erythromycin adverse reactions

A

ventricular dysrhythmias, prolonged QT, otherwise same as other broad spectrum antibiotics

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34
Q

erythromycin uses

A

Legionnaire’s, whooping cough, acute dyptheria, penicillin allergy, eye infections

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35
Q

erythromycin administration

A

tablet/ capsule/ topical Opthalmic/ IV

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36
Q

erythromycin contraindications

A

allergy to macrolides, long QT already, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia.

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37
Q

erythromycin interactions

A

grapefruit, warfarin, theophylline, verapamil, HIV meds, digoxin

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38
Q

aminoglycoside prototype

A

gentamicin

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39
Q

Gentamicin adverse reactions

A

ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity

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40
Q

How long should you be on gentamicin?

A

ideally no longer than 10 days

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41
Q

gentamicin interactions

A

penicillin, heparin, other ototoxic or nephrotoxic drugs, neuromuscular blockers

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42
Q

fluroquinolones prototype

A

cipro (ciprofloxacin)

43
Q

ciprofloxacin unique adverse effect

A

achilles tendon rupture

44
Q

ciprofloxacin interactions

A

antacids, iron, dairy, sucralfate, erythromycin, quinidine, antipsychotics, tricyclic antidepressants, hypoglycemia with antidiabetics

45
Q

sulfonamide prototype

A

sulfamethoxazole

46
Q

sulfamethoxazole uses

A

UTI, ear infection

47
Q

sulfamethoxazole adverse reactions

A

same as all antibacterials but ALSO
stevens-Johnson, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia

48
Q

stevens johnson syndrome

A

serious skin condition that emerges as the adverse effect of some drugs

49
Q

sulfamethoxazole interactions

A

alcohol, methotrexate, warfarin, oral contraceptives, phenytoin

50
Q

antimycobacterial prototype

A

isoniazid , rifampin

51
Q

isoniazid uses

A

kills waxy TB or prevents the return of latent TB

52
Q

How long do you take isoniazid for latent TB?

A

6-9 months

53
Q

isoniazid adverse reactions

A

liver enzymes, DRESS

54
Q

isoniazid/rifampin interactions

A

alcohol, phenytoino, antacid, amphojel, maalox, mylanta

55
Q

key difference between rifampin and isoniazid

A

rifampin can also treat leprosy, meningitis, staph

56
Q

Why do some clients on rifampin get scared of their urine?

A

might be orange

57
Q

metronidazole treats

A

protozoans

58
Q

chloroquine treats

A

malaria

59
Q

ketoconazole interactions

A

antacids, PPIs, H2 agonists, warfarin

60
Q

Why do we always finish antibiotics?

A

to prevent a superbug, and the infection coming back

61
Q

Which antibiotics cause accidental pregnancy?

A

cillins, cyclines

62
Q

Why can you not have alcohol with antibiotics?

A

both are hard on the liver

63
Q

Which antibiotics can you not take with food?

A

tetracycline, doxycycline, fluoroquinolones

64
Q

which antibiotics are photosensitive?

A

fluorquinolones, tetracyline, sulfa

65
Q

Which antibiotics are toxic to kidneys and ears?

A

vancomycin, gentamicin, neomycin

66
Q

ototoxicity symptoms

A

vertigo, tinnitus

67
Q

2 kidney labs

A

creatinine, BUN

68
Q

Bun should not be over

A

20

69
Q

most toxic antibiotics

A

Mycins…not THROmycins

70
Q

penicillin, cephalosporin pharmacologic effect

A

weakens, destroys cell walls of infection

71
Q

Is penicillin pregnancy safe?

A

yes

72
Q

Can cephalosporins cause C. diff?

A

yes. they do not treat it

73
Q

True or False : an allergy to penicillin usually means an allergy to cephalosporins

A

true.y

74
Q

you can mix most other antibiotics except

A

cephs and cillins

75
Q

True or False : anaphylaxis occurs more with penicillin than any other drug

A

true

76
Q

what do you give for penicillin anaphylaxis

A

epi

77
Q

common side effects of cephs and cillins

A

ceph- diarrhea
cillin - bleeding

78
Q

When to check peaks and troughs

A

15-30 minutes before admin

79
Q

don’t let vanc levels get over

A

20

80
Q

ataxia

A

inability to walk

81
Q

preferred route for IV vanc

A

PICC line

82
Q

Red Mans Syndrome

A

hypotension, flushing, itching, red rash

83
Q

How to deal with Red Mans syndrome

A

slow the infusion

84
Q

EPI

A

edma, pruritis, inspiratory distress

85
Q

difference between vancomycin and aminoglycosides

A

aminoglycosides do not have red mans

86
Q

should we give vanc and neomycin together

A

nope so toxic

87
Q

True or false: muscle aches are normal for people on neomycin

A

true. it is ok if there is not already a muscular disorder

88
Q

THROmycins

A

THROW ecg waves

89
Q

Labs for azithromycin

A

liver labs

90
Q

Which antibiotics can cause tooth discoloration?

A

tetracycline

91
Q

Can tetracyclines cause esophagitis?

A

yes

92
Q

number 1 drug used to treat c diff

A

metronidazole

93
Q

what does metronidazole treat?

A

Trich, C diff

94
Q

How long to avoid alcohol with metronidazole

A

3 days after

95
Q

metronidazole NORMAL side effects

A

metallic taste

96
Q

sulfamethoxazole mechanisms of action

A

stops folic acid synthesis

97
Q

What do you need to supplement when taking sulfonamides?

A

folic acids

98
Q

rash on glyburide

A

potential allergy to sulfa drugs

99
Q

who gets fluoroquinolones

A

pneumonia, UTI

100
Q

phenazopyridine

A

relieves pain from UTI

101
Q

normal phenazopyridine side effects

A

red and orange body fluid NOT JAUNDICE

102
Q

2 most liver toxic antibiotics/adjuncts

A

erythromycin, phenazopyridine.

103
Q
A
103
Q
A

ati final pharm (1 decks)

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