Drugs for Glaucoma

Question 1

betaxolol
timolol
metipranolol
levobunolol
carteolol

Which is preferred drug and why?

Answer 1

• β-blocker
• Reduces the production of aqueous humor by the ciliary body via blocking β receptors

-Timolol because it lacks local anesthetic effects and is a full antagonist

Question 2

apraclonidine

Answer 2

• α2-receptor agonist
• Decrease the rate of the aqueous humor production by stimulating α2-receptors
• risk of allergic rxn, headache, fatigue, dry mouth

Question 3

brimonidine

Answer 3

• α2-receptor agonist
• Decrease the rate of the aqueous humor production by stimulating α2-receptors, and increases rate of uveoscleral outflow by relaxing ciliary muscle
• this is the preferred α2-receptor agonist because of a lack of allergic reactions

Question 4

latanoprost
bimatoprost
travoprost

Which is move effective?

Answer 4

• prostaglandin analog
• reduce intraocular pressure by increasing uveoscleral and conventional outflow of aqueous humor
• more efficient than β-blocker

-Bimatoprost is most effective

Question 5

brinzolamide

dorzolamide

Answer 5

• topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
• decreases pressure of aqueous humor
• risk of N/V, weight loss, paresthesia, renal stones, red eyes

Question 6

acetazolamide

methazolamide

Answer 6

• systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
• decreases pressure of aqueous humor
• risk of N/V, weight loss, paresthesia, renal stones, red eyes

Question 7

carbachol

pilocarpine

Answer 7

• muscarinic receptor agonist
• activate M3 receptors directly to increase aqueous humor outflow
• risk of headache, miosis, eyelid twitching, myopia cataracts, and adhesions

Question 8

echothiophate

Answer 8

• acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
• indirectly activates of M3 receptors by increasing levels of ACh in synapse which causes increased aqueous humor outflow
• risk of headache, miosis, eyelid twitching, myopia cataracts, and adhesions