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GASTRO-INTESTINAL MEDICINE AND HEPATOLOGY > DRUGS FOR GI DISEASE > Flashcards

DRUGS FOR GI DISEASE Flashcards

0
Q

What are the local GI tract causes of constipation?

A 
Low dietary fibre
Diverticular disease
Malignancy
Irritable bowel disease
Anorectal conditions
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1
Q

What is the most common cause of constipation?

A

Low dietary fibre

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2
Q

What are the more systemic causes of constipation?

A 
Hypothyroidism 
Hypercalcaemia
Hypokalaemia
Drugs
Dehydration
Depression
Pregnancy
Neurological - Parkinsonism, autonomic neuropathy (diabetes)
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3
Q

What is diverticular disease of the colon?

A

High pressures in the colon cause

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4
Q

Which drugs can cause constipation?

A 
Opiates
Calcium channel blockers (verapamil)
Anticholinergics (benzhexol)
Iron supplements
Lithium
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5
Q

How do you manage someone with constipation?

A 
Treat underlying cause
More exercise 
Drink more water
More fibre
Some drugs
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6
Q

How much fibre do you need a day?

A

18 grams

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7
Q

What contains a lot of fibre?

A

Figs, all bran

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8
Q

What are the four classes of pharmacological treatment option for constipation?

A

Bulk forming laxatives (e.g. bran, ispaghula husk)
Osmotic laxatives (e.g. magnesium salts, lactulose)
Stimulants (e.g. senna) - most useful with opiates
Stool softeners (e.g. arachis oil)

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9
Q

How long does senna take to work?

A

6-8 hours

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10
Q

How long do osmotic laxatives take to work?

A

1-3 hours

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11
Q

How long do bulk forming laxatives take to work?

A

1-3 days

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12
Q

What are the local GI tract causes of diarrhoea?

A 
Gastroenteritis
Inflammatory bowel disease
Diverticular disease
Irritable bowel disease
Malignancy
Malabsorption
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13
Q

What are the systemic causes of diarrhoea?

A

Hyperthyroidism
Drugs
Anxiety
Autonomic neuropathy

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14
Q

If there is pain in the abdomen, is the diagnosis more likely to be a local or systemic cause?

A

Local

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15
Q

What are the microorganisms most likely to cause diarrhoea?

A

Rotavirus, noroviurs adenovirus, HIV, HSV,

E. coli
Salmonella
Campylobacter
Shigella
C diff
S aureus

Amoebic dysentery
Giardia
Cryptosporidium

16
Q

Fluid replacement?

A

Oral rehydration therapy (isosomotic electrolyte solutions e.g dioralyte)
Composition of oral rehydration solutions (Na 60 mmol, K 20 mmol, Cl 60 mmol, glucose 90 mmol)
IV fluids

17
Q

OSCE station

A

Know your fluids, mechanisms

18
Q

What are the anti infective treatment options?

A

Look up the slide

19
Q

What drugs can cause diarrhoea?

A

Laxatives
Antibiotics
SSRI antidepressants
Orlistat (cause fat malabsorption; used in obesity)

20
Q

What is steotorrhea?

A

Diarrhoea containing fat

21
Q

What are the usual symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome?

A

Abdo pain
Bloating
Change in bowel habit

GASTRO-INTESTINAL MEDICINE AND HEPATOLOGY (24 decks)

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