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PHARMA (FINALS) > Drugs for Coagulation Disorders > Flashcards

Drugs for Coagulation Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Clot that adheres to a blood vessel wall

A

Thrombus

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2
Q

Detached thrombus

A

Embolus

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3
Q

Generates thrombin that is essential in the formation of fibrin used in clot
formation involves coagulation
cascade

A

Clotting Mechanism

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4
Q

Drugs for Coagulation Disorders are:

A

-Anticoagulants
-Anti-Platelet Drugs
-Fibrinolytic Agents
-Pro-coagulant Drugs

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5
Q

Parenteral Anticoagulants Drugs

A

-Hirudin
-Heparin

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6
Q

Oral Anticoagulants Drugs

A

-Dicumarol
-Warfarin

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7
Q

Obtained from medicinal leeches (Hirudo medicinalis)

A

Hirudin

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8
Q

Produced by recombinant DNA technology

A

Lepidurin

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9
Q

Heterogenous mixture of sulfated mucopolysaccharides

A

Heparin

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10
Q

Activates antithrombin III which in turn inactivates thrombin (IIa); Ixa, Xa, Xia

A

Regular or Unfractionated Heparin

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11
Q

Also known as bis-hydroxycoumarin and high incidence of GI side-effects

A

Dicumarol

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12
Q

Its mechanism of action blocks carboxylation of X, IX, VII, II

A

Warfarin

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13
Q

Onset of Warfarin

A

8-12 hrs maximum after 1 to 3 days

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14
Q

Irreversibly acetylates COX- inhibition of TXA2 synthesis, lasts for 8-10 days

A

Thromboxane Synthesis Inhibitors

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15
Q

Primary prophylaxis for MI and secondary prophylaxis for MI and stroke

A

Aspirin

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16
Q

Aspirin is in what kind of inhibitors?

A

Thromboxane Synthesis Inhibitors

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17
Q

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors is

A

Dypiridamole

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18
Q

Given together with antiplatelet; ineffective when alone

A

Dypiridamole

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19
Q

ADP Inhibitors are

A

-Ticlopidine
-Clopidogrel

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20
Q

Safer than ticlopidine

A

Clopidogrel

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21
Q

Glycoprotein Inhibitors

A

-Abciximab
-Eptifibatide
-Tirofiban

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22
Q

Management of severe pulmonary embolism, heart attack, acute MI and DVT

A

Fibrinolytic Agents/Thrombolytics

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23
Q

Destroy fibrin that is either bound to clots or is in the unbound form

A

Streptokinase

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24
Q

Binds to fibrin bound to a clot

A

Tissue plasminogen activator

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25
Q

Management of bleeding disorders

A

Pro-coagulant drugs

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26
Q

Phytonadione (in plants, useful clinically)

A

K1

27
Q

Menaquinone (intestinal bacteria)

A

K2

28
Q

Menadione (synthetic)

A

K3

29
Q

Prevents activation of plasminogen

A

Aminocaproic Acid

30
Q

Increase LDL, decrease HDL

A

Hypercholesterolemia

31
Q

Increase TG, inc VLDL, chylomicrons

A

Hypertriglyceridemia

32
Q

Only organ in the body that efficiently uses cholesterol

A

Liver

33
Q

Condition associated with
cholesterol deposition in
vascular smooth muscles (arthroma) with consequent
narrowing of the lumen of the affected blood vessels

A

Atherosclerosis

34
Q

Atherosclerosis could lead to

A

-CAD
-Cerebrovascular Disease
-Aortic Disease
-Renal Artery Disease

35
Q

Major Risk Factors of Atherosclerosis

A

– Age (males: > 45;
females: > 55)
– Smoking
– DM
– HPN
– Dyslipidemia
– Obesity
– Family history of
premature heart
attack

36
Q

Minor Risk Factors of Atherosclerosis

A

-Chronic Infection
-Sedentary Lifestyle

37
Q

Modifiable Risk Factors of Atherosclerosis

A

-By therapy
-By lifestyle changes

38
Q

Drugs for Dyslipidemia

A

-HMG- Coa Reductase Inhibitors
-Nicotinic Acid
-Bile Acid Sequesterants
-Fibric Acid Derivatives
-Probucol

39
Q

First line drug for dyslipidemia

A

HMG-CoA Reductase
Inhibitors

40
Q

These drugs inhibit cholesterol synthesis by competing effectively to inhibit the HMG CoA reductase the rate limiting step in the cholesterol synthesis thus depleting the
intracellular supply of cholesterol

A

HMG-CoA Reductase
Inhibitors

41
Q

Means that the biosynthesis of cholesterol in the body occurs at night thus most statins are given at bedtime
(esp the short-acting ones)

A

Diurnal Pattern of Cholesterol
Synthesis

42
Q

Short-acting drugs of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors

A

-Simvastatin
-Lovastatin
-Fluvastatin

43
Q

Long-acting drugs of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors

A

-atorvastatin
-rosuvastatin

44
Q

In adipose tissue, niacin inhibits the lipolysis of triglycerides by hormone sensitive lipase, which reduces transport of free fatty acids to the liver and decreases hepatic triglyceride synthesis

A

Nicotinic Acid

45
Q

Used in the management of
hypertriglyceridemia

A

Nicotinic Acid

46
Q

Side Effects of Nicotinic Acid

A

Flushing (due to percutaneous vasodilation), myositis

47
Q

Also known as Bile Acid-Binding Resins

A

Bile Acid Sequesterants

48
Q

Inhibit reabsorption of bile acid

A

Bile Acid Sequesterants

49
Q

Bile Acid Sequesterants are

A

-Cholestyramine
-Colestipol

50
Q

Side effects of bile acid sequesterants are

A

-constipation
-impaired absorption of drugs
-may increase incidence/ risk of biliary stone formation

51
Q

First line drug in hypertriglyceridemia

A

Fibric Acid Derivatives

52
Q

Its mechanism of action stimulates lipoprotein lipase which decreases triglycerides

A

Fibric Acid Derivatives

53
Q

Fibric Acid Drugs are

A

-Gemfibrozil
-Fenofibrate
-Clofibrate (withdrawn)

54
Q

Side Effects of Fibric Acid Derivatives

A

-myositis
-rhabdomyolysis
-increase risk of bile stone formation
-hepatobiliary cancer (clofibrate)

55
Q

These inhibit the intestinal mucosa transporter NPC1L1 that absorbs dietary and biliary cholesterol. The resultant depletion of hepatic cholesterol up regulates hepatic LDL receptor activity.

A

Cholesterol absorption Inhibitors

56
Q

This mechanism is synergistic with statins, LDL is reduced by 17%, TG is reduced by 6% While HDL is increased by 1.3%

A

Cholesterol absorption Inhibitors

57
Q

Eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and Docosahexanoic acid (DHA) comprise of ____ of the fatty acids in fish oil

A

30%

58
Q

Anti-oxidant

A

Probucol

59
Q

Side Effects of Probucol

A

-increase risk of arrhytmia
-produces fetid odor

60
Q

Epithelial vascular injury

A

Clotting Mechanism inciting event

61
Q

Fibrates stimulate the Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR)-α which
controls the expression of gene products that mediate the metabolism of TG & HDL

A

Fibric Acid Derivatives

62
Q

Fibrates reduce TG up to

A

up to 50%, and ↑HDL by 20% but LDL changes are variable

63
Q

Also inhibit platelet aggregation and have been shown to decrease mortality from
CHD(coronary heart disease)

A

Fish Oil

PHARMA (FINALS) (6 decks)

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