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Pharmacology Chapter 9 > Drugs For Anxiety And Insomnia > Flashcards

Drugs For Anxiety And Insomnia Flashcards

1
Q

Anxiety

A

State of apprehension, tension, or uneasiness

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2
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

Difficult to control, lasting 6 months or more. Most common stress disorder.

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3
Q

Panic disorder

A

Characterized by feelings of immediate, apprehension,fearfulness, terror, or impending doom. Panic attacks last less then 10 min.

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4
Q

Phobias

A

Fearful feelings attached to specific objects or situations.

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5
Q

Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

Develops in response to re-experiencing a previous traumatic event. Combat experience, physical or sexual abuse, etc.

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6
Q

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

Recurrent, disturbing thoughts or repetitive behaviors that interfere with a person’s normal activities or relationships.

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7
Q

Limbic system

A

Area of brain responsible for emotional expression, learning, and memory. Signals through limbic system connect with hypothalamus.

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8
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Important center triggering unconscious responses to extreme stress; increased B/P, elevated breathing rate, and dilated pupils.

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9
Q

Reticular formation

A

Network of neurons found along entire length of brainstem; causes increased alertness and arousal; inhibition causes drowsiness and sleep.

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10
Q

Reticular activating system (RAS)

A

Controls sleeping and wakefulness and performs an alerting function for the cerebral cortex.

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11
Q

Anxiolytics

A

Drugs having the ability to relieve anxiety.

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12
Q

Rebound insomnia

A

When a sedative drug is stopped abruptly or when it has been taken for a long time and drug dependence occurs.

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13
Q

Antidepressants

A

Enhance mood by 2 neurotransmitters; norepinephrine and serotonin. By restoring balance drugs can reduce symptoms associated with depression, panic, OCD, and phobia.

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14
Q

CNS depressants

A

Slow neuronal activity in the brain; drugs range from those that relax, those that sedate, to sleep and anesthesia. Coma and death are the end stages of CNS depression.

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15
Q

Sedatives

A

Drugs that depress the CNS, ability to sedate. And relax a pt.

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16
Q

Sedative-hypnotic

A

Drug with ability to produce a calming effect at lower doses and sleep at higher doses.

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17
Q

Drugs used for anxiety and sleep disorders

A

Benzodiazepines and barbiturates

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18
Q

Amitriptyline (Elavil)

A

(TCA tricyclic antidepressant,antidepressant for anxiety disorder)
Clinical use: depression

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19
Q

Clomipramine (Anafranil)

A

(TCA tricyclic antidepressant,antidepressant for anxiety disorder)

OCD, depression

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20
Q

Desipramine (Norpramin, pertofrane, and others)

A

(TCA tricyclic antidepressant,antidepressant for anxiety disorder)

Depression

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21
Q

Doxepin (sinequan or adapin)

A

(TCA tricyclic antidepressant,antidepressant for anxiety disorder)

Depression

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22
Q

Imipramine (tofranil)

A

(TCA tricyclic antidepressant,antidepressant for anxiety disorder)

Depression, GAD

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23
Q

Nortriptyline (aventyl or pamelor)

A

(TCA tricyclic antidepressant,antidepressant for anxiety disorder)

Depression

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24
Q

Trimipramine (surmontil)

A

(TCA tricyclic antidepressant,antidepressant for anxiety disorder)

Depression

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25
Q

Phenelzine (nardil)

A

(Monoamine oxidase inhibitors MAOI antidepressant for anxiety disorder)

Social anxiety, depression

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26
Q

Tranlcypromine (parnate)

A

(Monoamine oxidase inhibitor MAOI antidepressant for anxiety disorder)

Depression

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27
Q

Citaloram (celexa)

A

(SSRI Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; antidepressant for anxiety disorder)

Depression

28
Q

Escitalopram oxalate (Lexapro)

A

(SSRI Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; antidepressant for anxiety disorder)

Depression, GAD, social anxiety

29
Q

Fluoxetine (prozac)

A

(SSRI Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; antidepressant for anxiety disorder)

Depression, social anxiety, OCD

30
Q

Fluvoxamine (Luvox)

A

(SSRI Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; antidepressant for anxiety disorder)

Depression, social anxiety, OCD

31
Q

Paroxetine (paxil)

A

(SSRI Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; antidepressant for anxiety disorder)

Depression, GAD, social anxiety, panic disorder, OCD, PTSD

32
Q

Sertraline (Zoloft)

A

(SSRI Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; antidepressant for anxiety disorder)

Depression, social anxiety, panic disorder, OCD, PTSD

33
Q

Desvenlafaxine (pristiq)

A

(SNRI serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor; antidepressant for anxiety disorder)

Depression

34
Q

Duloxetine (cymbalta)

A

(SNRI serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor; antidepressant for anxiety disorder)

Depression, GAD, neuropathic pain, chronic fatigue syndrome, stress urinary continence, fibromyalgia

35
Q

Venlafaxine (effexor)

A

(SNRI serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor; antidepressant for anxiety disorder)

Depression, social anxiety, GAD, neuropathic pain, migraines

36
Q

Trazodone

A

(Atypical antidepressant; antidepressant for anxiety disorder)

Depression, GAD

37
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

Used for panic disorder, generalized anxiety, phobias, and insomnia. One of the most widely prescribed drug classes

38
Q

Alprozolam (xanax)

A

(Benzodiazepine for anxiety)

GAD, phobias, social anxiety

39
Q

Clonazepam (klonopin)

A

(Benzodiazepine for anxiety)

Phobias, social anxiety, seizures

40
Q

Chlordiazepoxide (librium)

A

(Benzodiazepine for anxiety)

Phobias, alcohol withdrawal

41
Q

Clorazepate (tranxene)

A

(Benzodiazepine for anxiety)

Alcohol withdrawals, seizures

42
Q

Diazepam (valium)

A

(Benzodiazepine for anxiety)

Alcohol withdrawal, seizures, muscle spasms, induction of anesthesia

43
Q

Lorazepam (ativan)

A

(Benzodiazepine for anxiety)

Panic disorder, phobias, alcohol withdrawal, seizures, induction of anesthesia

44
Q

Oxazepam (serax)

A

(Benzodiazepine for anxiety)

Phobias, alcohol withdrawal

45
Q

Estazolam (ProSom)

A

(Benzodiazepines for insomnia)

Insomnia: 15-60 min onset and medium duration

46
Q

Flurazepam (dalmane)

A

(Benzodiazepines for insomnia)

Insomnia: 30-60 min onset and long duration.

47
Q

Quazepam (doral)

A

(Benzodiazepines for insomnia)

Insomnia: 20-45 min onset and long duration

48
Q

Temazepam (restoril)

A

(Benzodiazepines for insomnia)

Insomnia: 45-60 min onset and medium duration

49
Q

Triazolam (halcion)

A

(Benzodiazepines for insomnia)

Insomnia: 15-30 min onset and short duration

50
Q

Barbiturates

A

Drugs derived from barbituric acid, powerful CNS depressants used for their sedative, hypnotic, and anti seizure effects. Withdrawal syndrome is extremely severe and can be fatal. Overdose can lead to profound respiratory depression, hypotension, and shock. People have used barbiturates to commit suicide and death to overdose is not uncommon.

51
Q

Pentobarbital sodium (nembutal)

A

short acting barbiturate for sedation and insomnia

52
Q

Secobarbital (seconal)

A

short acting barbiturate for sedation and insomnia

53
Q

Amobarbital (amytal)

A

Intermediate acting barbiturate for sedation and insomnia

54
Q

Aprobarbital (alurate)

A

Intermediate acting barbiturate for sedation and insomnia

55
Q

Butabarbital sodium (butisol)

A

Intermediate acting barbiturate for sedation and insomnia

56
Q

Mephobarbitol (mebaral)

A

Long acting barbiturate for sedation and insomnia

57
Q

Phenobarbital (luminal)

A

Long acting barbiturate for sedation and insomnia

58
Q

Buspirone (buSpar)

A

Nonbenzodiazepine, nonbarbiturate CNS agents for anxiety

GAD, OCD

59
Q

Valproate (depakote)

A

Nonbenzodiazepine, nonbarbiturate CNS agents for anxiety

Antiseizure rx

Panic disorder, seizures, smoking, bipolar disorder, prevention of migraines

60
Q

Atenolol (tenormin)

A

Nonbenzodiazepine, nonbarbiturate CNS agents for anxiety

Beta blocker

Performance anxiety, social anxiety

61
Q

Propranolol (Inderal, InnoPran XL)

A

Nonbenzodiazepine, nonbarbiturate CNS agents for anxiety

Beta blocker

Performance anxiety, social anxiety

62
Q

Escopiclone (lunesta)

A

Nonbenzodiazepine, CNS agents

Insomnia

63
Q

Zaleplon (sonata)

A

Nonbenzodiazepine, CNS agents

Insomnia

64
Q

Zolpidem (ambien), zolpidem CR (ambien CR)

A

Nonbenzodiazepine, CNS agent

Insomnia

65
Q

Ramelteon (rozerem)

A

Melatonin receptor agent

Insomnia

66
Q

Diphenhydramine (nytol and sominex)

A

Antihistamines OTC RX

Insomnia

67
Q

Doxylamine (unisom)

A

Antihistamine

OTC RX

Insomnia

Pharmacology Chapter 9 (1 decks)

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