Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology Test 1 > Drugs for ANS > Flashcards

Drugs for ANS Flashcards

1
Q

ACh

A

Cholinergic (Muscarinic +
Nicotinic)

Choline Esters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dopamine

A

Catecholamine:

Direct Agonist

D1

Renal Vasodilation (Used to TX cardiogenc shock, septic shock, heart failure and adjunct to fluid administration in hypovolemic shock)

B1

Cardiac Stimulation (Used to TX cardiogenc shock, septic shock, heart failure and adjunct to fluid administration in hypovolemic shock)

a1

Increase BP (Used to TX cardiogenc shock, septic shock, heart failure and adjunct to fluid administration in hypovolemic shock)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Albuterol

A

Non-catecholamine

β2

Direct Agonist

Bronchodilation (used in asthma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Terbutaline

A

Non-catecholamine

β2

Direct Agonist

Bronchodilation and uterine relaxation (used to Tx asthma and premature labor (tocolytic))

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Isoproterenol

A

Catecholamine

Direct Agonist

β2 :
bronchodilation (Used to TX asthma,

β1:
cardiac stimulation (Used to TX asthma, AV block and bradycardia)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dobutamine

A

Catecholamine

β1

Direct Agonist

Highest affinity for B1 receptor
Less activity at a1 receptor
Used to Tx cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest and heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Epinephrine

A

Catecholamine

Direct Agonist

can bind to ALL the adrenergic receptors, used in anaphylactic shock and cardiac arrest

β1:
Cardiac Stimualtion (used in anaphylactic shock and cardiac arrest)

β2:
Bronchodilation & skeletal muscle vasodilation (used in anaphylactic shock and cardiac arrest)

a1:
Vasoconstriction & Increase BP (used in anaphylactic shock and cardiac arrest)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Atenolol, Metoprolol

A

Selective

β1

Direct Antagonist

Selective for β1 receptors (primarily in cardiac tissue) Aka cardioselective β-blockers “olol”
Produce less bronchoconstriction and other β2 receptor mediated effects
TX HTN, angina, MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Propranolol, Nadolol, Timolol

A

Non-selective

β

Direct Antagonist

Nonselective: “olol” Block β1 receptors in heart and β2 in smooth muscle, liver and other tissues
β1 blockade - decrease BP , decrease cardiac output, decrease renin release and decrease aqueous humor secretion
β2 blockade – bronchoconstriction, decrease glycogenolysis, mask signs of hypoglycemia
TX HTN, angina, arrhythmias, MI, migraine, glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Clonidine

A

Non-catecholamine

α2

Direct Agonist

Inhibits NE release from nerve terminal of postganglionic neuron (feedback inhibition)
Used to treat chronic hypertension
Can have effects in CNS (sedation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Phenylephrine

A

Non-catecholamine

α1

Direct Agonist

Vasoconstriction, Increases BP and mydriasis (Used as nasal decongestant, ocular decongestant and maintenance of BP during surgery)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Carbachol

A

Choline Esters

Muscarinic + Nicotinic

Direct Agonists

For chronic open-angle glaucoma, produce miosis during ophthalmic surgery (Ophthalmic drops)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Donepezil

A

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Reversible Agent

Muscarinic + Nicotinic

Indirect Agonists

Tx of Alzheimer’s Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Edrophonium

A

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Reversible Agents

Muscarinic + Nicotinic

Indirect Agonists

very short DOA. Used in Dx of Myasthenia Gravis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Neostigmine

A

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Reversible Agent

Muscarinic + Nicotinic

Indirect Agonists

Tx of Myasthenia Gravis. Antidote for skeletal muscle relaxants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Physostigmine

A

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Reversible Agents

Muscarinic + Nicotinic

Indirect Agonists

Tx for overdoses of drugs with anticholinergic effects (i.e. atropine, TCAs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pyridostigmine

A

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Reversible Agent

Muscarinic + Nicotinic

Indirect Agonists

Tx of Myasthenia Gravis

18
Q

Ecothiopate

A

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

irreversible Agent

Muscarinic + Nicotinic

Indirect Agonists

19
Q

Pesticides (Palathion, Malathion)

A

Irreversible Agents (Organophosphates)

20
Q

Soman (Chemical Warfare Agent)

A

Irreversible Agents (Organophosphates):

21
Q

Bethanechol

A

Choline Esters

Muscarinic

Direct Agonists

stimulates bladder w/o significant effects on HR/BP, Tx of Urinary rentention post-op & post partum

22
Q

Methacoline

A

Choline Esters

Muscarinic

Direct Agonists

not commercially available

23
Q

Muscarine

A

Choline Esters

Muscarinic

Direct Agonists

No current medical use

24
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Choline Esters

Muscarinic

Direct Agonists

higher affinity for muscarinic receptor, Treats glaucoma: stimulate contraction of ciliary muscle fibers ->increase aqueous humor outflow->Decrease Intraocular pressure

25
Q

Cevimeline

A

Choline Esters

Muscarinic

Direct Agonists

Treat dry mouth associated with Sjogren’s syndrome (autoimmune disease that attacks exocrine glands)

26
Q

Atropine, scopolamine, hyoscyamine

A

BellaDonna Alkaloids:

Muscarinic

Direct Antagonists

Atropine- Sinus bradycardia & AV block, mydriasis

scopolamine- mydriasis, motion sickness by blocking cholinergic transmission from vestibular apparatus to vomiting center

27
Q

ipratropium, tolterodine, oxybutynin, propantheline, dicyclomine, benztropine, etc

A

BellaDonna Alkaloids:
Muscarinic
Direct Antagonists
ipratropium-COPD, emphysema, bronchitis

dicyclomine-TX of intestinal spasms/pain

oxybutynin/tolterodine-TX of dysuria & urinary incontinence

28
Q

Nicotine

A

Choline Esters

Nicotinic

Direct agonists

smoking cessation

29
Q

Succinylcholine

A

Neuromuscular Blocking Agents

Depolarizing

Nicotinic

Direct Agonists

Causes “persistent” depolarization
Used for surgery
Effects not reversed by cholinesterase inhibitors therefore not antidote if an overdose

30
Q

Trimethaphan

A

Ganglionic Blockers

Nicotinic

Direct Antagonists

used rarely for hypertensive emergency

31
Q

Atracurium, pancuronium, vecuronium

A

Neuromuscular Blocking Agents:
Nondepolarizing aka curariforms

Nicotinic

Direct Antagonists

Competitive antagonist of ACH at nicotinic muscle receptors
Causes muscle relaxation and paralysis (by preventing depolarization)
Effects reversed by cholinesterase inhibitors
Used for surgery - patient can still blink/use small facial muscles

32
Q

Doxazosin, Prazosin, Terazosin
Tamsulosin , Alfuzosin – only for BPH not for HTN

A

Selective

a1

Direct antagonist

Selective: “azosin” Relax vascular smooth muscle and smooth muscle in bladder and prostate.
Produce vasodilation and Decrease BP
Used to treat hypertension and urinary retention due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Agents include:
Doxazosin, Prazosin, Terazosin
Tamsulosin , Alfuzosin – only for BPH not for HTN

33
Q

Phentolamine

A

Non-Selective: Block α1 and α2 receptors

α

Direct Antagonist

Competitive, reversible
DX and TX hypertensive episodes from pheochromocytoma
Tx necrosis and ischemia from extravasations of epinephrine

34
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A

Non-Selective: Block α1 and α2 receptors

α

Direct Antagonist

Noncompetitive, irreversible
TX hypertensive episodes associated w/ pheochromocytoma (tumor in adrenal medulla that secretes Catecholamines)

35
Q

Labetalol

A

Block both α and β receptors

Adrenergic

Direct antagonist

Tx HTN

36
Q

Carvedilol

A

Block both α and β receptors

Adrenergic

Direct antagonist

Tx HTN and CHF

37
Q

Pseudoephedrine

A

Adrenergic

Mixed action agonist

Nasal Decongestant, Cause vasoconstriction by binding to α1,
Increase release of NE from SNS neurons

38
Q

Amphetamine

A

Adrenergic

Indirect Agonists

Increase the release of NE & DA from SNS neurons
Vasoconstriction and increase in BP (α1) and cardiac stimulation (β)
Penetrates CNS - CNS stimulation (increases mood and alertness but decreases appetite)

39
Q

Cocaine

A

Adrenergic

Indirect Agonists

Local anesthetic
Simulates SNS by blocking reuptake of NE & DA in the PNS & SNS – similar effects as amphetamine

40
Q

Tyramine

A

Adrenergic

Indirect Agonists

Normal by-product of tyrosine metabolism in body
Found in high concentrations in fermented foods such as certain cheeses, beers, red wine, certain cured meats (salami & pepperoni)
Indirect sympathomimetic b/c it causes the release of stored catecholamines.
Normally metabolized by MAO. So if taking an MAO inhibitor must avoid tyramine-containing foods.

41
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Adrenergic

Direct Agonist

Catecholamine

a1:
vasoconstriction, increase blood pressure

b1:
cardiac stimulation (used in hypotension and shock- NOT anaphylactic shock)

Pharmacology Test 1 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions