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Pharm Chapter 15 > Drugs For Anesthesia > Flashcards

Drugs For Anesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

Anesthesia

A

Medical procedure performed by administering drugs that cause a loss of sensation

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2
Q

Local anesthesia

A

When sensation is lost to a limited part of the body without loss of consciousness

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3
Q

General anesthesia

A

Requires different classes of drugs that cause loss of sensation to the entire body, usually resulting in loss of consciousness

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4
Q

Benzocaine (Americaine, Anbesol, and others

A

Local Anesthetics
Esters

Topical

For sunburn, sore throat, earache, hemorrhoids, and other minor skin conditions

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5
Q

Chloroprocaine (Nesacaine)

A

Local Anesthetics
Esters

Use: infiltration, nerve block, and epidural

Short duration

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6
Q

Cocaine

A

Local Anesthetics
Esters

Topical

Ear, nose, and throat procedures

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7
Q

Procaine (Novocain)

A

Local Anesthetics
Esters

Infiltration, nerve block, epidural, and spinal anesthesia

Short duration

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8
Q

Tetracaine (Pontocaine)

A

Local Anesthetics
Esters

Topical and spinal

Longer duration

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9
Q

Articaine (Septodont, Septanest)

A

Local anesthetics
Amides

Infiltration and nerve block

Longer duration

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10
Q

Bupivicaine (Marcaine)

A

Local anesthetics
Amides

Infiltration and epidural anesthesia

Longer duration

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11
Q

Dibucaine (Nupercaine, Nupercainal)

A

Local anesthetics
Amides

Topical or spinal

Longer duration

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12
Q

Etidocaine (Duranest)

A

Local anesthetics
Amides

Infiltration, nerve block, and epidural

Longer duration

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13
Q

Lidocaine (Xylocaine)

A

Local anesthetics
Amides

Topical, infiltration, nerve block, epidural, spinal

May be combined as a mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine (EMLA cream) for topical application

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14
Q

Mepivacaine (Carbocaine)

A

Local anesthetics
Amides

Infiltration, nerve block, and epidural

Intermediate duration

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15
Q

Prilocaine (Citanest)

A

Local anesthetics
Amides

Infiltration, nerve block, and epidural

Intermediate duration

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16
Q

Ropivacaine (Naropin)

A

Local anesthetics
Amides

Infiltration, nerve block, and epidural

Longer duration

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17
Q

Dyclonine (Dyclone)

A

Local anesthetics
Misc. agents

Topical

Ear, nose, and throat procedures

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18
Q

Pramoxine (Tronothane)

A

Local anesthetics
Misc. agents

Topical

Minor medical procedures

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19
Q

Desflurane (Suprane)

A

Inhaled general anesthetics
Volatile liquid

Induction and maintenance of general anesthesia

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20
Q

Enflurane (Ethrane)

A

Inhaled general anesthetics
Volatile liquid

Induction and maintenance of general anesthesia

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21
Q

Halothane (Fluothane)

A

Inhaled general anesthetics
Volatile liquid

Induction and maintenance of general anesthesia; use has declined because safer agents are avail.

22
Q

Isoflurane (Forane)

A

Inhaled general anesthetics
Volatile liquid

Induction and maintenance of general anesthesia; most widely used inhalation anesthetic

23
Q

Methoxyflurane (Penthrane)

A

Inhaled general anesthetics
Volatile liquid

Used during labor because it does not suppress uterine contractions as much as other agents

24
Q

Sevoflurane (Ultane)

A

Inhaled general anesthetics
Volatile liquid

Induction and maintenance of general anesthesia

25
Q

Nitrous Oxide

A

Inhaled general anesthetics
Gas

Used alone in dentistry, obstetrics, and short medical procedures; used in combination with more potent inhaled anesthetics

26
Q

Etomidate (Amidate)

A

Intravenous anesthetics
Barbiturate and barbiturate-like agents

For short medical procedures

27
Q

Methohexital sodium (Brevital)

A

Intravenous anesthetics
Barbiturate and barbiturate-like agents

Ultrashort acting, used as a supplement to other anesthetic agents

28
Q

Propofol (Diprivan)

A

Intravenous anesthetics
Barbiturate and barbiturate-like agents

For short medical procedures

29
Q

Thiopental (pentothal)

A

Intravenous anesthetics
Barbiturate and barbiturate-like agents

Ultrashort acting; used as a supplement to other anesthetic agents

30
Q

Diazepam (valium)

A

Intravenous anesthetics
Benzodiazepines

Prototype drug for the benzodiazepines

31
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan)

A

Intravenous anesthetics
Benzodiazepines

To produce conscious sedation; for short term medical procedures or surgery

32
Q

Midazolam hydrochloride (Versed)

A

Intravenous anesthetics
Benzodiazepines

To produce conscious sedation; for short diagnostic procedures

33
Q

Alfentanil hydrochloride (Alfenta)

A

Intravenous anesthetics
Opioids

Rapid onset and short duration of action; used as a supplement to other anesthetic agents

34
Q

Fentanyl citrate (Sublimaze, others)

A

Intravenous anesthetics
Opioids

Short-acting analgesic used during the operative and perioperative period; used to supplement both general and regional anesthesia

35
Q

Remifentanil hydrochloride (Ultiva)

A

Intravenous anesthetics
Opioids

Approx. 7 times more potent than fentanyl; onset and duration of action more rapid than fentanyl

36
Q

Sufentanil citrate (Sufenta)

A

Intravenous anesthetics
Opioids

Approx 7 times more potent than fentanyl; onset and duration of action more rapid than fentanyl

37
Q

Ketamine (Ketalar)

A

Intravenous anesthetics
Others

For sedation, amnesia, and analgesia; for short diagnostic, therapeutic, or surgical procedures; most often used in children

38
Q

Amobarbital (Amytal)

A

Selected adjuncts to anesthesia
Barbiturate and barbiturate-like agents

Intermediate duration; for preoperative sedation

39
Q

Butabarbital sodium (Butisol)

A

Selected adjuncts to anesthesia
Barbiturate and barbiturate-like agents

Intermediate duration; for preoperative sedation

40
Q

Pentobarbital (Nembutal)

A

Selected adjuncts to anesthesia
Barbiturate and barbiturate-like agents

Short duration; for preoperative sedation; potent, causes resp depression

41
Q

Secobarbital (Seconal)

A

Selected adjuncts to anesthesia
Barbiturate and barbiturate-like agents

Short duration; for preoperative sedation

42
Q

Alfentanil hydrochloride (Alfenta)

A

Selected adjuncts to anesthesia
Opioids

Short duration; for induction of anesthesia when endotracheal or mechanical ventilation is needed; provides analgesia

43
Q

Fentanyl citrate (duragesic, actiq, others)

A

Selected adjuncts to anesthesia
Opioids

For analgesia during or after anesthesia; the combination of fentanyl and droperidol is called innovar

44
Q

Remifentanil hydrochloride (Ultiva)

A

Selected adjuncts to anesthesia
Opioids

For analgesia during or after anesthesia; shorter duration of action than fentanyl

45
Q

Sufentanil citrate (Sulfenta)

A

Selected adjuncts to anesthesia
Opioids

For primary anesthesia or to provide analgesia during or after anesthesia

46
Q

Droperidol (Inapsine)

A

Selected adjuncts to anesthesia
Dopamine blockers

For nausea and vomiting caused by opioids; reduces anxiety and relaxes muscles

47
Q

Promethazine (Phenergan)

A

Selected adjuncts to anesthesia
Dopamine blockers

For nausea and vomiting associated with obstetric sedation and opioids

48
Q

Mivacurium (Mivacron)

A

Selected adjuncts to anesthesia
Neuromuscular blockers

Short duration; nondepolarizing type

49
Q

Succinylcholine (Anectine)

A

Selected adjuncts to anesthesia
Neuromuscular blockers

Short duration; depolarizing type

50
Q

Tubocurarine

A

Selected adjuncts to anesthesia
Neuromuscular blockers

Long duration; nondepolarizing type

51
Q

Bethanechol (Duvoid, Urecholine)

A

Selected adjuncts to anesthesia
Cholinergic agent

For relief of constipation and urinary retention caused by opioids; stimulates GI motility

Pharm Chapter 15 (1 decks)

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