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Patho/Pharm > Drugs Exam #2 > Flashcards

Drugs Exam #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Hydromorphone/Hydrostat

A

Severe pain, strong agonist

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2
Q

Meperidine/demerol

A

severe pain, strong agonist

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3
Q

Methadone/ dolophine

A

severe pain; main drug used to treat opioid addiction, strong agonist

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4
Q

Morphine

A

severe pain, strong agonist

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5
Q

Codeine

A

moderate pain; used as a cough suppressant, mild to moderate agonist

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6
Q

Hydrocodone, Hhycodan

A

moderate pain, mild to moderate agonist

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7
Q

Oxycodone/oxycontin

A

moderate pain, mild to moderate agonist

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8
Q

Aspirin

A

NSAID for analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects; anti-pyretic and anti-coagulant

blocks both good and bad PG by inhibiting COX 1 (good) and COX2 (bad)

GI problems due to lack of mucosa production, renal and hepatic problems, HA, difficulty hearing, confusion, Reye’s syndrome in children

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9
Q

Ibruprofen/ motrin

A

Anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, analgesic, anti-coagulant

Blocks only bad PG COX 2

fewer GI effects than aspirin

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10
Q

Indomethacin/indocin

A

high incident of dos related side effects

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11
Q

Ketorolac/ toradol

A

can be administered orally or IM injection; parentral doses provide post-op analgesia equivalent to opiods

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12
Q

Naproxen/Anaprox

A

similar to ibruprofen in clinical uses and adverse effects

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13
Q

Tolmetin/tolectin

A

similar to aspirin in clinical uses and adverse effects – very short half life (1 hour); must be given 4 daily

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14
Q

Acetaminophen/tylenol

A

analgesic, anti-pyretic; does NOT have anti-inflammatory or anti-coagulant effects

inhibits CNS COX enzyme, and not PNS COX activity

high doses can be toxic to the liver and fetal due to hepatic necrosis– chronic alcohol users are at higher risk

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15
Q

Penicillin/ bicillin

A

antibacterial; inhibit cell wall function and synthesis which leads to cell death

potential for allergic reactions, hypersensitivity, may lead to anaphylatic reaction, may also causes by CNS problems, blood disorders and GI problems

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16
Q

Cephalexin/ Kelflex

A

antibacterial; inhibit cell wall similar to penicillin

similar reactions to penicillin (allergic, hypersensitivity, GI problems) ; individuals with penicillin allergy will also display hypersensitivity to

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17
Q

Ampicillin and clavulant/ augmentin

A

penicillin and beta- lactamse combo

beta-lactamse are resistant to penicillin; inhibits their function to allow the penicillin to be affective against bacteria

HA, GI problems, allergic reactions

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18
Q

Gentamicin. Geramycin

A

antibacterial; aminoglycosides

inhibit bacterial synthesis

Nephrotoxitiy (bloody urine, etc), ototoxicity (dizziness, ringing in the ears); hypersensitivity

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19
Q

Erythromycin/ ERYC

A

antibiotics, active against gram positive and gram negative bacteria; anti-inflammatory effects (especially diseases with airway inflammation)

inhibit bacterial protein synthesis

GI distress, allergic reactions

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20
Q

tetracycline/achromycin

A

antibacterial

inhibit bacterial protein synthesis

GI distress, hypersensitivity, skin sensitivity, may impair growth and development of bone and teeth

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21
Q

Chloramphenicol/ Chloromycetin

A

antibacterial against gram negative and gram positive; used to treat severe infections such as typhoid fever, certain forms of meningitis

inhibit bacterial protein synthesis

potential for bone marrow aplasia, aplastic anemia, blood dyscrasias — only reserved for severe infections that not respond to other antibiotics or if patient is allergic to safer drugs

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22
Q

Ciprofloxacin/ Cipro

A

antibiotic, very effective against antrhrax infections

affect DNA function

CNS toxicity (visual disturbances, HA, dizziness); GI distress, allergic reactions, skin sensitivity, tendon pain and inflammation that can be severe –> tedinopathy

23
Q

Sulfadiazine/Silvadene

A

antibiotic; treat UTI, vaginal infections, other local infections

inhibit nucleic acid formation

GI distress, skin sensitivity, allergic reaction, serious disturbances in formed blood elements

24
Q

Rifampin/ Rifadin

A

antibiotic; treat TB and leprosy

impair DNA replication

GI distress, skin sensitivity, allergic reaction, serious disturbances in liver function

25
Q

Isoniazid/ INH

A

primary drug to treat TB; antibiotic

interfere with several enzymati pathways

Common disorders (hepatitis, peripheral neurpathies)

26
Q

Acyclovir/ Zoviax

A

treatment of initial and recurrent herpes virus infections

inhibits viral DNA replication by inhibiting the function of DNA polymerase enzyme

topical application may produce local irritation; HA, dizziness, GI problems

27
Q

Oseltamivir/ Tamiflu

A

prevention and tx of influenza A and B infections

reduces the ability of the virus to infect other respiratory cells; inhibits influenza biosynthesis

GI disturbances

28
Q

Amantadine/ Symmetral

A

prevention and treatment of influenza A and anti- parkisonism drug

inhibit influenza A replication and preventing the release of viral nuclein acis within the host cell

CNS symptoms such as confusion, dizziness, etc.; seizures

29
Q

Zidovudine/Retrovir

A

HIV tx

inhibit replication and proliferation of HIV type I

blood dyscrasia, fever, chills, HA, GI distress, myopathy, peripheral neuropathies, CNS toxicity

30
Q

Atazanavir/ Reyataz

A

HIV tx

inhibit HIV protease, synthesis and maturation of HIV

alterations in fat deposition in body (atrophy in limbs but excess in abdomen); metabolic disturbances, Diarrhea, HA, fatigue

31
Q

Enfuvirtide/ Fuzeon

A

HIV tx

limits ability of HIV to enter host cell

local pain and irritation at injection site, peripheral neuropathy, respiratory distress, kidney dysfunction, gullain-barre

32
Q

Ribavirin/ Virazole

A

tx of severe viral pneumonia

relatively few adverse effects when administered by inhalation; local irritation of eyes (conjunctivitis)

33
Q

Interferons alpha/infergen

A

chronic hepatitis B and C; malignant melanoma; hairy cell leukemia

interferons may cause flu- like symptoms; inhibit seratonin activity in the brain –> depression; irritation at the injection site

34
Q

interferon Beta

A

MS

interferons may cause flu- like symptoms; inhibit seratonin activity in the brain –> depression; irritation at the injection site

35
Q

interferon gamma

A

osteoporosis

interferons may cause flu- like symptoms; inhibit seratonin activity in the brain –> depression; irritation at the injection site

36
Q

Tioconazole/monistat

A

antifungal; vulvovaginal

relatively few adverse effects when applied locally; GI distress when swallowed; may have skin irritation

37
Q

Nystatin/ mycistatin

A

oropharyngral, cutaneus and mucocutaneus candidiasis; antifungal vulvovaginal

not used to treat systemic infection, not absorbed by the GI tract

well toerated when applied locally, GI disturbances

38
Q

Griseofluvin/Fulvicin

A

common fungal infections of the skin (ringworm)

binds to mitotic spindle so that cell cannot replicate

HA, GI disturbances, skin rash, photosensitivity

39
Q

Amphotericin B/ Itraconazole

A

severe systemic fungal infections and meningitis; also effective against certain protozoal infections

binds to specific steroidlike lipids which increase impermeability leading to leaky membrane and loss of cell compounds

high incidence of side effects; HA, fever, muscle and joint pain, muscle weakness, HI distress

40
Q

Thiotepa/thioplex

A

ovarian carcinoma, multiple myeloma

prevent function of DNA and replication

blood disorders (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia); skin rashes/itching

41
Q

Floxuridine/ FUDR

A

carcinoma of the GI tract and liver

antimetabolites

GI disorders, skin disorders

42
Q

Bleomycin/ Blenoxane

A

carcinoma of the head, neck, cervical region, skin, penis, vulva, and testicle; hodgkin and non-hodgkin lymphomas

inhibits DNA synthesis

pulmonary toxicity, skin disorders, mucosal lesions, GI distress, general weakness and malaise – when taken with digozin decreases effectiveness in tx CHF

43
Q

Paclitaxel/ Taxol

A

carcioma of breat, ovaries, kaposi’s carcinoma; nonsmall cell lung cancer

interfere with or stop cell division

blood disorders, hypersensitivity, joint/muscle pain, peripheral neuropthty, GI distress

44
Q

Prednisone

A

acute or chornic lymphoblastic leukemia, hodgkin diease

mimic or block effects of hormone (hormone sensitive cancer) adrenocorticosteroid

adrenocortical suppression, general catabolic effects on supporting tissues

45
Q

Testosterone

A

advanced, inoperable breast cancer in post-menopausal women

counteract the effect of male or female hormones in hormone-dependent tumors

masculinization in women

46
Q

estradoil

A

advanced, inoperable breast cancer in post-menopausal women; prostate cancer in men

estrogen

Cardiovascular complications (includes stroke and heart attack, especially in men)

47
Q

Megestrol

A

carcinoma of breast and endometrium; advanced prostate cancer, renal cancer

progestins

menstrual irregularities; hyperglycemia, edema, mood changes, unusual tiredness, abdominal pain/cramps

48
Q

Tamoxifen

A

acts as estrogen antagonist to decrease cancer recurrence following mastectomy or reduce tumor growth in advanced breast cancer

antiestrogens

N/A, hot flashes

effects are decreased with estrogen (contraceptives)

49
Q

Interferon Alfa- 2A/ Roferon-A

A

haircell leukemia, kaposi’s sarcoma, renal and bladder cancers

inhibit cell metabolism and proliferation

flulike symptoms

50
Q

Alemtuzumab/ Campath

A

chronic lymphocytic leukemia

antibodies that are attracted directly to the cell, limit cell function and mitosis –death

blood disorders, chest pain, dyspnea, infection, nausea

51
Q

Cisplatin/Plantinol

A

carcinoma of bladder, ovaries, testicles

blocks formation of microtubucles, blocks cell division

nephrotoxicity, GI distress, hypersensitivity

52
Q

Treatinoin/Vesanoid

A

acute promyelocytic leukemia

may help cells differentiate and replicate at a more normal rate

cardiac arrhythmias, edema, BP abnormalities, phlebitis, muscle pain, CNS toxicity, skin rash, GI

53
Q

Methotrexat/trexall

A

tx of CA and RA

antimetabolites

taking with alcohol may increase risk of hepatotoxicity; may cause severe toxicity if taken with NSAID

Patho/Pharm (1 decks)

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