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Patho/Pharm > Drugs Exam #2 > Flashcards

Drugs Exam #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Hydromorphone/Hydrostat

A

Severe pain, strong agonist

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2
Q

Meperidine/demerol

A

severe pain, strong agonist

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3
Q

Methadone/ dolophine

A

severe pain; main drug used to treat opioid addiction, strong agonist

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4
Q

Morphine

A

severe pain, strong agonist

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5
Q

Codeine

A

moderate pain; used as a cough suppressant, mild to moderate agonist

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6
Q

Hydrocodone, Hhycodan

A

moderate pain, mild to moderate agonist

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7
Q

Oxycodone/oxycontin

A

moderate pain, mild to moderate agonist

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8
Q

Aspirin

A

NSAID for analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects; anti-pyretic and anti-coagulant

blocks both good and bad PG by inhibiting COX 1 (good) and COX2 (bad)

GI problems due to lack of mucosa production, renal and hepatic problems, HA, difficulty hearing, confusion, Reye’s syndrome in children

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9
Q

Ibruprofen/ motrin

A

Anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, analgesic, anti-coagulant

Blocks only bad PG COX 2

fewer GI effects than aspirin

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10
Q

Indomethacin/indocin

A

high incident of dos related side effects

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11
Q

Ketorolac/ toradol

A

can be administered orally or IM injection; parentral doses provide post-op analgesia equivalent to opiods

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12
Q

Naproxen/Anaprox

A

similar to ibruprofen in clinical uses and adverse effects

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13
Q

Tolmetin/tolectin

A

similar to aspirin in clinical uses and adverse effects – very short half life (1 hour); must be given 4 daily

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14
Q

Acetaminophen/tylenol

A

analgesic, anti-pyretic; does NOT have anti-inflammatory or anti-coagulant effects

inhibits CNS COX enzyme, and not PNS COX activity

high doses can be toxic to the liver and fetal due to hepatic necrosis– chronic alcohol users are at higher risk

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15
Q

Penicillin/ bicillin

A

antibacterial; inhibit cell wall function and synthesis which leads to cell death

potential for allergic reactions, hypersensitivity, may lead to anaphylatic reaction, may also causes by CNS problems, blood disorders and GI problems

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16
Q

Cephalexin/ Kelflex

A

antibacterial; inhibit cell wall similar to penicillin

similar reactions to penicillin (allergic, hypersensitivity, GI problems) ; individuals with penicillin allergy will also display hypersensitivity to

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17
Q

Ampicillin and clavulant/ augmentin

A

penicillin and beta- lactamse combo

beta-lactamse are resistant to penicillin; inhibits their function to allow the penicillin to be affective against bacteria

HA, GI problems, allergic reactions

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18
Q

Gentamicin. Geramycin

A

antibacterial; aminoglycosides

inhibit bacterial synthesis

Nephrotoxitiy (bloody urine, etc), ototoxicity (dizziness, ringing in the ears); hypersensitivity

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19
Q

Erythromycin/ ERYC

A

antibiotics, active against gram positive and gram negative bacteria; anti-inflammatory effects (especially diseases with airway inflammation)

inhibit bacterial protein synthesis

GI distress, allergic reactions

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20
Q

tetracycline/achromycin

A

antibacterial

inhibit bacterial protein synthesis

GI distress, hypersensitivity, skin sensitivity, may impair growth and development of bone and teeth

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21
Q

Chloramphenicol/ Chloromycetin

A

antibacterial against gram negative and gram positive; used to treat severe infections such as typhoid fever, certain forms of meningitis

inhibit bacterial protein synthesis

potential for bone marrow aplasia, aplastic anemia, blood dyscrasias — only reserved for severe infections that not respond to other antibiotics or if patient is allergic to safer drugs

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22
Q

Ciprofloxacin/ Cipro

A

antibiotic, very effective against antrhrax infections

affect DNA function

CNS toxicity (visual disturbances, HA, dizziness); GI distress, allergic reactions, skin sensitivity, tendon pain and inflammation that can be severe –> tedinopathy

23
Q

Sulfadiazine/Silvadene

A

antibiotic; treat UTI, vaginal infections, other local infections

inhibit nucleic acid formation

GI distress, skin sensitivity, allergic reaction, serious disturbances in formed blood elements

24
Q

Rifampin/ Rifadin

A

antibiotic; treat TB and leprosy

impair DNA replication

GI distress, skin sensitivity, allergic reaction, serious disturbances in liver function

25
Isoniazid/ INH
primary drug to treat TB; antibiotic interfere with several enzymati pathways Common disorders (hepatitis, peripheral neurpathies)
26
Acyclovir/ Zoviax
treatment of initial and recurrent herpes virus infections inhibits viral DNA replication by inhibiting the function of DNA polymerase enzyme topical application may produce local irritation; HA, dizziness, GI problems
27
Oseltamivir/ Tamiflu
prevention and tx of influenza A and B infections reduces the ability of the virus to infect other respiratory cells; inhibits influenza biosynthesis GI disturbances
28
Amantadine/ Symmetral
prevention and treatment of influenza A and anti- parkisonism drug inhibit influenza A replication and preventing the release of viral nuclein acis within the host cell CNS symptoms such as confusion, dizziness, etc.; seizures
29
Zidovudine/Retrovir
HIV tx inhibit replication and proliferation of HIV type I blood dyscrasia, fever, chills, HA, GI distress, myopathy, peripheral neuropathies, CNS toxicity
30
Atazanavir/ Reyataz
HIV tx inhibit HIV protease, synthesis and maturation of HIV alterations in fat deposition in body (atrophy in limbs but excess in abdomen); metabolic disturbances, Diarrhea, HA, fatigue
31
Enfuvirtide/ Fuzeon
HIV tx limits ability of HIV to enter host cell local pain and irritation at injection site, peripheral neuropathy, respiratory distress, kidney dysfunction, gullain-barre
32
Ribavirin/ Virazole
tx of severe viral pneumonia relatively few adverse effects when administered by inhalation; local irritation of eyes (conjunctivitis)
33
Interferons alpha/infergen
chronic hepatitis B and C; malignant melanoma; hairy cell leukemia interferons may cause flu- like symptoms; inhibit seratonin activity in the brain --> depression; irritation at the injection site
34
interferon Beta
MS interferons may cause flu- like symptoms; inhibit seratonin activity in the brain --> depression; irritation at the injection site
35
interferon gamma
osteoporosis interferons may cause flu- like symptoms; inhibit seratonin activity in the brain --> depression; irritation at the injection site
36
Tioconazole/monistat
antifungal; vulvovaginal relatively few adverse effects when applied locally; GI distress when swallowed; may have skin irritation
37
Nystatin/ mycistatin
oropharyngral, cutaneus and mucocutaneus candidiasis; antifungal vulvovaginal not used to treat systemic infection, not absorbed by the GI tract well toerated when applied locally, GI disturbances
38
Griseofluvin/Fulvicin
common fungal infections of the skin (ringworm) binds to mitotic spindle so that cell cannot replicate HA, GI disturbances, skin rash, photosensitivity
39
Amphotericin B/ Itraconazole
severe systemic fungal infections and meningitis; also effective against certain protozoal infections binds to specific steroidlike lipids which increase impermeability leading to leaky membrane and loss of cell compounds high incidence of side effects; HA, fever, muscle and joint pain, muscle weakness, HI distress
40
Thiotepa/thioplex
ovarian carcinoma, multiple myeloma prevent function of DNA and replication blood disorders (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia); skin rashes/itching
41
Floxuridine/ FUDR
carcinoma of the GI tract and liver antimetabolites GI disorders, skin disorders
42
Bleomycin/ Blenoxane
carcinoma of the head, neck, cervical region, skin, penis, vulva, and testicle; hodgkin and non-hodgkin lymphomas inhibits DNA synthesis pulmonary toxicity, skin disorders, mucosal lesions, GI distress, general weakness and malaise -- when taken with digozin decreases effectiveness in tx CHF
43
Paclitaxel/ Taxol
carcioma of breat, ovaries, kaposi's carcinoma; nonsmall cell lung cancer interfere with or stop cell division blood disorders, hypersensitivity, joint/muscle pain, peripheral neuropthty, GI distress
44
Prednisone
acute or chornic lymphoblastic leukemia, hodgkin diease mimic or block effects of hormone (hormone sensitive cancer) adrenocorticosteroid adrenocortical suppression, general catabolic effects on supporting tissues
45
Testosterone
advanced, inoperable breast cancer in post-menopausal women counteract the effect of male or female hormones in hormone-dependent tumors masculinization in women
46
estradoil
advanced, inoperable breast cancer in post-menopausal women; prostate cancer in men estrogen Cardiovascular complications (includes stroke and heart attack, especially in men)
47
Megestrol
carcinoma of breast and endometrium; advanced prostate cancer, renal cancer progestins menstrual irregularities; hyperglycemia, edema, mood changes, unusual tiredness, abdominal pain/cramps
48
Tamoxifen
acts as estrogen antagonist to decrease cancer recurrence following mastectomy or reduce tumor growth in advanced breast cancer antiestrogens N/A, hot flashes effects are decreased with estrogen (contraceptives)
49
Interferon Alfa- 2A/ Roferon-A
haircell leukemia, kaposi's sarcoma, renal and bladder cancers inhibit cell metabolism and proliferation flulike symptoms
50
Alemtuzumab/ Campath
chronic lymphocytic leukemia antibodies that are attracted directly to the cell, limit cell function and mitosis --death blood disorders, chest pain, dyspnea, infection, nausea
51
Cisplatin/Plantinol
carcinoma of bladder, ovaries, testicles blocks formation of microtubucles, blocks cell division nephrotoxicity, GI distress, hypersensitivity
52
Treatinoin/Vesanoid
acute promyelocytic leukemia may help cells differentiate and replicate at a more normal rate cardiac arrhythmias, edema, BP abnormalities, phlebitis, muscle pain, CNS toxicity, skin rash, GI
53
Methotrexat/trexall
tx of CA and RA antimetabolites taking with alcohol may increase risk of hepatotoxicity; may cause severe toxicity if taken with NSAID

Patho/Pharm (1 decks)

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