Drugs: clinical examples and experimental evidence Flashcards
How are human receptors often studied?
Produce cells that express foreign receptors in a functional form.
Engineered cells enable a more precise control of the expressed receptors than is possible with natural cells and intact tissues
How was DNA for specific receptor proteins produced?
Receptor proteins isolated and purified- analysed amino acid sequence, allowing corresponding base sequences of mRNA to be deduced. Form cDNA using reverse transcriptase .
Who devised the patch-clamp recording technique?
Neher and Sakmann
Function of patch-clamp recording
allows a small current to flow through a single ion channel to be measured directly. Gives a new insight into gating reactions and permeability characteristics of ligand and voltage gated channels.
How are GPCR structures examined?
Xray crystallography study 3D structure
nuclear magnetic resonance NMR methods have been developed to study ligand binding and subsequent conformational changes
Earl Sutherland’s work
Discovered that more phosphate was present in the liver in the presence of adrenaline. Shown that an unknown factor was produced by adrenaline. When adrenaline was not present, but the unknown factor was, phosphates were still taken up into the cell.
How was the blood brain barrier discovered?
Paul Ehrlich injected intravenously a dye that stained most tissues but not the brain.
