Drugs/classes Flashcards
Diuretics
Thiazides: inhibit the Na-Cl transporter in distal tubule
- Hydrochlorothiazide
- chlorothiazide
- chlorthalidone
- decrease Ca/Mg/K
Loop: inhibit Na-K-Cl cotransporter in the thick ascening limb
K+-sparing: antagonize the effect of aldosterone or inhibit Na+ transport in CD
- Aldosterone antagonist
- Spironolactone
- Eplerenone
- Na+ channel inhibitors
- Amiloride
- Triamterene
Sympatholytics
CNS outflow blockers
- clonidine:
alpha 1-Adrenergic antagonist:block effect of NE binding to receptors on VSM
- Prazosin/Terazosin/Doxazosin
beta-Adrenergic Antagonist: block binding of NE and E to beta receptors
- non-selective
- propranolol/carvedilol/labetolol
- cardioselective (beta 1)
- metoprolol/atenolol
Vasodilators
CCBs: block Ca entry into cells by binding to L-type ca channels
- Non-DHPs
- Vascular AND cardio selective
- Verapamil
- Diltiazem
- Vascular AND cardio selective
- DHPS
- vascular selective
- Nifedipine
- Amlodipine
- vascular selective
Hydralazine: decrease Ca entry to decrase Ca release leading to MLCK and vasodilation
Na+ Nitroprusside: relase Nitric oxide
Organic Nitrates: requires enzymatic process to form NO
- Imdur/ isosorbide dinitrate/nitroglycerin
Angiotensin Inhibitors
ACEi: block ang 2 formation by inhibiting ACE
- Lisinopril/captopril/enalapril/Ramapril/Benazepril
AT1 Antagonists/ARBs: block ang 2 receptors
- Losartan/Valsartan/Candesartan/Telmisartan/Olmesartan
Renin Inhibitor: inhibit renin activity to reduce Ang 1 to Ang 2
- Aliskiren
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
statins: decrease cholesterol by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase in liver
- High intensity:
- Atorvastatin 80/40
- Rosuvastatin 40/20
- Medium intensity:
- Simvastatin 80/40
- Atorvastatin 20/10
- Rosuvastatin 10/5
- Pravastatin 80/40
- Lovastatin 40
- Low intensity
- Simvastatin 10
- Pravastatin 20/10
- Lovastatin 20
Bile acid-binding resins
BAS: cationic polymer resins that bind to negatively charged bile acids in SI
- Cholestyramine
- Colestipol
- Colesevelam
Cholesterol absorption inhibitors
Ezetimibe: reduce cholesterole absorption in the small intestine
Fibrates
Fibric Acids Derivatives: bind to and activate PPAR-a resulting in changes on lipid metab.
- Gemfibrozil
- Fenofibrate
PCSK9 inhibitors
MOA: PCSK9 binds to LDLR leading to degradation so inhibitors block LDLR degradation
Praluent
Repatha
MTTP inhibitors
MOA: inhibitor of microsomal TG transfer protein to inhibit loading of TG onto ApoB and formation of chylomicrons and VLDL leading to decrease in plasma LDL
Juxtapid (lomitapide)
Apo B-100 inhibitors
decrease synthesis of apo B-100 leading to decrase of plasma LDL
Kynamro (Mipomersen)
Niacin
Niacin: inhibits the formation and secretion of hepatic VLDL
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
fish oil: reduce TGR biosynthesis and increase fatty acid oxidation in the liver
- Lovaza
Ranexa
inhibits late Na+ chanel which reduces Ca overload, thus preserves cardiac cellular function
Anticoagulants
Heparin: bind to and promote effect of antithromin 3 on inactiveation of clotting factors 2a, 9a, 10a, 11a, and 12a
LMWH
- Lovenox
Warfarin:inhibits synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors 2,7,9,10 by inhibiting vitamin K epoxide reductase
Factor Xa Inhibitor: indirect
- indirect
- Arixtra (fondapariunux)/
- Direct/ No AT3
- Xarelto/Eliquis/Savaysa
Direct Thromin Inhibitor: inhibit thrombin by directly bidning to the active site of thrombin
- Pradaxa (dabigatran)
