Drugs by name Flashcards
DIGOXIN
Cardiac glycoside
Heart failure, rate control in AF
Causes Ca2+ build up in cardiac myocytes with increased force of contraction and reduced rates of conduction through the AV node.
SE: nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, confusion
N.B. digoxin toxicity - give Ig fragment
AMIODARONE
Anti-arrhythmic
SV/ventricular arrhythmias
- Blocks cardiac K+ channels prolonging repolarisation of cardiac action potential to restore regular sinus rhythm and slow AV node conduction
SE: photosensitivity, hypo/hyperthyroidism, pulmonary fibrosis, corneal deposits
SIMVASTATIN
HMG CoA reductase inhibitor
Reduce cholesterol
Inhibit HMG CoA reductase, the rate determining enzyme in the synthesis of cholesterol, causing hepatocytes to take up cholesterol and reducing plasma levels.
SE: myalgia, myopathy, LFT derangement
NIFEDIPINE
Non-rate limiting calcium channel blocker
Hypertension, angina
Block L type Ca2+ channels, depressing smooth muscle contractility, dilating coronary blood vessels and reducing afterload.
SE: ankle oedema, abdo pain, palpitations, flushing
AVOID: unstable angina, aortic stenosis
AMLODIPINE
Non-rate limiting calcium channel blocker
Hypertension, angina
Block L type Ca2+ channels, depressing smooth muscle contractility, dilating coronary blood vessels and reducing afterload.
SE: ankle oedema, abdo pain, palpitations, flushing
AVOID: unstable angina, aortic stenosis
BISOPROLOL
Cardioselective beta blockers
Hypertension, angina, rate control AF, mild heart failure
Blockage of B1 receptors in cardiac and renal tissue
Inhibits sympathetic stimulation of heart, blocks sinoatrial node, reduces release of renin.
SE: bradycardia, hypotension, bronchospasm, loss of hypoglycaemic awaresness
ATENOLOL
Cardioselective beta blockers
Hypertension, angina, rate control AF, mild heart failure
Blockage of B1 receptors in cardiac and renal tissue
Inhibits sympathetic stimulation of heart, blocks sinoatrial node, reduces release of renin.
SE: bradycardia, hypotension, bronchospasm, loss of hypoglycaemic awaresness
PROPRANOLOL
Non cardioselective beta blockers
Hypertension, angina, anxiety, migraine prophylaxis, post MI prophylaxis, mild HF
Inhibits sympathetic stimulation in heart and vascular smooth muscle
SE: bradycardia, hypotension, bronchospasm, loss of hypoglycaemic awareness
CARVEDILOL
Non cardioselective beta blockers
Hypertension, angina, anxiety, migraine prophylaxis, post MI prophylaxis, mild HF
Inhibits sympathetic stimulation in heart and vascular smooth muscle
SE: bradycardia, hypotension, bronchospasm, loss of hypoglycaemic awareness
RAMIPRIL
ACE inhibitors
Hypertension, heart failure, nephropathy
Inhibits conversion of angiotensin 1 -> 2, potent vasoconstrictor. Via aldosterone decreases blood volume.
SE: dry cough, hypotension, HYPERkalaemia, renal impairment, angioedema
LISINOPRIL
ACE inhibitors
Hypertension, heart failure, nephropathy
Inhibits conversion of angiotensin 1 -> 2, potent vasoconstrictor. Via aldosterone decreases blood volume.
SE: dry cough, hypotension, HYPERkalaemia, renal impairment, angioedema
ISOSORBIDE MONONITRATE
Nitrates
Angina, severe hypertension
Converted to NO -> vasodilator. Predominantly acts on coronary vessels. Reduces preload and afterload so reduced cardiac oxygen requirements.
SE: headache, postural hypotension, tachycardia
GLYCERYL TRINITRATE
Nitrates
Angina, severe hypertension
Converted to NO -> vasodilator. Predominantly acts on coronary vessels. Reduces preload and afterload so reduced cardiac oxygen requirements.
SE: headache, postural hypotension, tachycardia
