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Gaby’s Quiz > Drugs Baby > Flashcards

Drugs Baby Flashcards

(84 cards)

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1
Q

Name the eight antibiotic classes

A 
aminogylcoside
cephalosporins
penicillin
tetracyclines
quinolones/fluroquinolone
macrolide
sulphonamides
glycopeptide
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2
Q

name 4 anti-emetics and their common brand names

A

metoclopramide (maxalon, anagraine, paramide, praman)

ondansetron (zofron, danset)

procloperazine (stemetil, stemzine)

promethazine (avomine, phenergan)

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3
Q

edaravone

A

Class/type: antioxidant drug

Brand: radicava

Action: protects nerve cells by mopping up free radicals

Indications:
one of two treatments for MND/ALS

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4
Q

riluzole

A

Type/class: anti-glutamate

Action: blocks the release of glutamate from neurons

Indications:
may slow progression of MND

the tablets are absorbed well but their bioavailability is reduced by food
there is extensive hepatic metabolism. this means there is the potential for interactions with drugs such as amitriptyline, quinolones and caffeine and rifampicin.
pts on this medication who present with fever need to be tested for neutropenia

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5
Q

olanzapine

A

Class: Atypical anti-psychotic.

Brand: zyprexa

Indication:
used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. can be used for both new-onset and long-term maintenance for schizophrenia.

Useful for acute distress in the pre-hospital environment, but not as suitable for the agitated or psychotic patient.

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6
Q

Digoxin

A

Class/type: cardiac glycoside.

Action: Digoxin induces an increase in intracellular sodium that will drive an influx of calcium in the heart and cause an increase in contractility.

It works by increasing myocardial contractility, increasing stroke volume and blood pressure, reducing heart rate, and somewhat extending the time frame of the contraction.

Indications:
atrial fibrillation
atrial flutter
heart failure.

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7
Q

Rivaroxaban

A

Brand name: Xeralto

Type/class: anticoagulant

Indication:
Following surgery
PE
DVT
AF with risk factors - CHF, HTN, previous stroke, TIA, >75, DM
ACS

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8
Q

Dabigatran

A

Brand name: pradaxa

Type/class: anticoagulant

Indications:
AF
Stroke
DVT
ACS
PE

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9
Q

Edoxaban

A

Brand name: lixiana

Type/class: anticoagulant

Indications:
AF
ACS
DVT
Stroke
PE

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10
Q

Oxybutinin

A

Brands names: ditropan, lyrinel, kentera

Type/class: anti-muscarinic - acts to relax the bladder by inhibiting the muscarinic action of acetylcholine on smooth muscle detrusors

Indications:
Urinary frequency, urgency and incontinence (in children)

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11
Q

Phenytoin

A

Type/class: anticonvulsant

Indications:
Slows does electrical activity to stop tonic clinic and focal seizures
Trigeminal neuralgia - nerve pain that effects the face

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12
Q

Folic acid

A

Type/class: vitamin B9

Indications:

prophylaxis in chronic haemolytic states, in renal dialysis, and in drug induced folate deficiency. Folic acid is used for the prevention of recurrence of neural tube defects.

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13
Q

Movicol

A

Type/class: laxative

Indications: constipation

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14
Q

Gliclazide

A

Type/class: sulfonylurea - increases the amount of insulin the pancreas makes, lowering blood sugar.

Indications:
T2DM

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15
Q

Quetiapine

A

Type/class: atypical antipsychotic

Indications:
BPD
SCHIZOFRENIA
Bipolar
Massive depressive disorder

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16
Q

Citalopram

A

Brand name: Celexa

Type/class: SSRI

Indications:
Major depressive disorder
OCD
Panic disorder
Social phobia

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17
Q

Trimethoprim

A

Class/type: antibiotic/sulfonamide

Indications:
Bladder infections/ UTIs
Sometimes, middle ear infections/ travellers sickness
Occasionally chest infections/ acne

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18
Q

Nicorandil

A

Type/class: potassium channel activator - arterial vasodilator

Indication:
Angina

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19
Q

Cyclosporine

A

Type/class: calcineurin inhibitor - immunosuppressant

Indications:
Rheumatoid arthritis
Psoriasis
Crohn’s disease
Nephrotic syndrome
Organ transplants, to prevent rejection

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20
Q

Furosemide

A

Type/class: loop diuretic

Indications:
HTN
HF
Edema

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21
Q

Spironolactone

A

Type/class: diuretic, anti-androgen (stops make hormones from working)

Indications:
HTN
Edema caused my HF
Ascites caused by liver disease
Kidney disease - nephrotic syndrome
High levels of aldosterone

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22
Q

Abciximab

A

Type/class: glycoproteins iib/iiia receptor antagonist

Indications:
Prevent thrombosis during PCI

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23
Q

Eptifibatide

A

Type/class: anti-platelet, glycoprotein iib/iiia inhibitor

Indications:
Early prevention of MI in unstable angina/NSTEMI, in combination with aspirin and heparin

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24
Q

Escitalopram

A

Brand name: lexapro, cipralex

Type/class: SSRI, antidepressant

Indications:
Depression
Anxiety
OCD
Panic attacks

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25
Fluoxetine
Brand name: Prozac Type/class: SSRI Indications: Depression OCD Bulimia
26
Paroxetine
Brand name: paxil, seroxat Type/class: SSRI Indications: Usually depression OCD Panic attacks PTSD Anxiety
27
Sertraline
Brand name: Zoloft, lustral Type/class: SSRI Indications: Depression Panic attacks PTSD OCD
28
Dapoxetine
Brand name: priligy Type/class: SSRI Indication: Premature ejaculation
29
Fluvoxamine
Brand name: favarin Type/class: SSRI Indications: OCD Social anxiety Depressive illness
30
Duloxetine
Brand names: cymbalta Type/class: SNRI Indications: Depression Anxiety Fibromyalgia, nerve pain Stress urinary incontinence in women
31
Venlafaxine
Brand name: efexar Type/class: SNRI Indications: Depression Anxiety Panic attacks
32
Mirtazapine
Brand name: zispin Type/class: NASSAs - noradrenaline and specific serotonin antidepressant Indications: Depression OCD Anxiety
33
Amitriptyline
Class/type: TCA Indications: Major depressive disorder Pain syndrome including, Neuropathic pain Fibromyalgia Migraines Tension headaches
34
Clomipramine
Class/type: TCA Indications: OCD Panic disorder Major depressive disorder Chronic pain
35
Imipramine
Class/type: TCA Indications: Depressive illness Bed wetting in children
36
Trazodone
Type/class: SARI - serotonin antagonists and reuptake inhibitors Brand name: molipaxin Indications: Anxiety Depression
37
Tranylcypromine
Class/type: monoamine oxidase inhibitors - accumulation of the neurotransmitter Indications: Depression
38
Isocarboxazid
Class/ type: antidepressant, MAO inhibitor Indication: Depressive illness
39
Piroxicam
Class/type: topical NSAID Action: works by preventing the production of endogenous prostaglandins which are involved in the mediation of pain, stiffness, tenderness and swelling Indications: Rheumatoid arthritis Osteoarthritis
40
Bumetanide
Class/type: diuretic, non-potassium sparing Indications: Edema HTN
41
Nefopam
Class/type: non-opioid, central acting painkiller Indications: Moderate pain Eg Dental Joint Muscle Cancer Post op
42
Piriton
Type/class: antihistamine Indications: Hay fever Allergies Itchy rash associated with chickenpox
43
Carbocisteine
Type/class: mucolytic Action: reduces the viscosity of sputum, helping it be brought up more easily Indications: COPD Bronchiectasis
44
Tramadol
Class/type: opioid, onset 1 hr orally Indications: Moderate to severe pain
45
Fragmin
Type/class: low molecular weight heparin/ anti-thrombotic, by injection Indications: Following clots
46
Dapagliflozin
Type/class: sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors - oral T2DM medication Action: Dapagliflozin works on your kidneys. It increases the amount of sugar removed from your body when you pee. It can also reduce the amount of work your heart needs to do to pump blood around the body. If you're taking dapagliflozin with other diabetes medicines, it can sometimes cause low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia). Common side effects include hypoglycaemia, urinary tract infections, genital infections, and volume depletion. Indications: T2DM Heart failure Chronic kidney disease
47
Linagliptin
Class/type: dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors - T2DM medication used in conjunction with diet and exercise to improve glycemic control Action: increasing the amounts of certain natural substances that lower blood sugar when it is high Increases and prolongs active incretin levels, thereby increasing insulin release and decreasing glucagon levels in the circulation in a glucose-dependent manner Indications: T2DM
48
Methotrexate
Class/type: chemotherapy agent and immunosuppressant Indications: Cancer Autoimmune diseases Ectopic pregnancy
49
Gabapentin
Class/type: anticonvulsant Indications: Partial seizures Neuropathic pain Eg Diabetic neuropathy Postherpetic neuralgia Central pain
50
Beconase nasal spray
Type: beclomethasone - anti-inflammatory corticosteroid Indications: Cold-like symptoms caused by allergic rhinitis
51
Tramadol
Type/class: opioid painkiller Indications: Moderate to severe pain Oral onset up to 1 hour.
52
Ferrous sulfate
Class/type: iron supplement Indications: Treat and prevent iron deficiency anemia Rare genetic disorders that block your intestines from absorbing iron. Endurance sports that cause athletes to lose iron through their gastrointestinal tracts. Certain digestive conditions such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Intestine and stomach surgeries, including weight loss surgery. Conditions that can destroy too many red blood cells (certain infections, autoimmune diseases and inherited blood cell disorders). Pregnancy (increased need) Diet low in iron
53
Isosorbide mononitrate
Class/type: nitrate Indications: Prevention of angina (not acute management) Coronary heart disease Heart failure
54
Ramipril
Type/class: ACE inhibitor Action: prevent an enzyme in the body from producing angiotensin II, a substance that narrows blood vessels. sympathetic activity goes down, sodium and water reabsorption from the kidneys reduces, smooth muscles in the arterioles also relax. Indications: HTN Heart failure Diabetic kidney disease Post clot management
55
Losartan
Type/class: ARB (angiotensin receptor blocker) Action: relaxes and widens blood vessels by blocking the action of angiotensin II, a chemical in the body that causes the blood vessels to tighten and narrow. Indications: HTN Heart failure Diabetic kidney disease (to protect kidneys when they have kidney disease and diabetes) Prevent CVA and AMI Post AMI management
56
Ticagrelor
Type/class: anti-platelet Action: P2Y12 receptor antagonist that prevents ADP-mediated P2Y12 dependent platelet activation and aggregation Indications: Prevention of clots in people with risk factors
57
Lactulose
Type: laxative Indication: Constipation
58
Nystan
Class: anti fungal antibiotic Indications: Fungal infections (thrust) on mouth, throat, gut
59
Betamethasone
Class: corticosteroid Tablet or topical Indications: Eczema Psoriasis Contact dermatitis
60
Hydroxocobalamin
Class: vitamin B12, for injection Indications: Pernicious anemia (most common in UK) - autoimmune stomach condition Macrocytic anemia Leber’s optic atrophy
61
Sitagliptin
Class: anti-diabetic medication Action: By enhancing active incretin levels, sitagliptin increases insulin production and lowers glucagon secretion from alpha cells, which decreases hepatic glucose overproduction Indications: T2DM
62
Metformin
Class: biguanide anti-hyperglycemic agent Action: reduces the absorption of sugar from the stomach, reduces the release of stored sugar from the liver, and helps your body use sugar better Indications: T2DM, especially when overweight PCOS
63
Difflam
Class/type: benzydamine - anaesthetic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory Indications: Mouth ulcers Teething Spat throat/gums Dentures/ dental work
64
Methocarbamol
Class: centrally-acting skeletal muscle relaxant Indications: Short-term symptomatic relief of muscle spasm, especially in lower back pain
65
Senna
Class/type: stimulant laxative Action: works by increasing activity of the intestines to cause a bowel movement Indications: Constipation To empty bowels before surgery or certain medical procedures
66
Doxazosin
Class/type: alpha blocker (alpha-1 adrenoceptor antagonist) Action: vasodilation of arterioles and veins Indications: HTN Enlarged prostate
67
Cyanocobalamin
Type: vitamin B12, oral tablet Indication: Deficiency Anemia
68
Clonazepam
Class/type: benzodiazepine Brand: klonopin, rivotril Indications: Seizure Panic disorder Anxiety disorder Akathisia
69
Eplerenone
Type/class: potassium sparing diuretic, Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists Action: selectively blocks aldosterone to lower blood pressure Indications: HF HTN Hyperaldoseronism
70
Semaglutide
Class/type: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, or GLP-1 RAs Action: prompts the body to produce more insulin, which reduces blood sugar Indications: T2DM
71
Tiotropium
Class/ type: long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) Action: bronchodilator Indications: Asthma COPD
72
Levetiracetam
Class: anticonvulsant Action: slows electrical signals in the brain Brand: keppra Indications: Partial-onset Myoclonic Tonic-clonic seizure
73
Baclofen
Type/class: muscle relaxant, GABA agonist Action: inhibition of the transmission of both mono- and polysynaptic reflexes at the spinal cord, relaxing spasticity. Indication: Muscle spasticity from SCI and multiple sclerosis
74
Clobazem
Class/type: benzodiazepine, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic Indications: Seizure Add-on control of seizure in under 2 And older with Lennox-gastaut syndrome
75
Trihexyphenidyl
Class/type: anti cholinergic Indications: Tremors Spasm Stiffness Weak muscle control Parkinson’s disease
76
Paraldehyde
Class/type: CNS depressant, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative agent Indications: Seizure/status epilepticus
77
Bendroflumethiazide
Class/type: thiazide diuretic Action: inhibiting sodium re absorption at the beginning of the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) Indications: HTN Oedema
78
Loperamide
Class/type: antidiarrheal agent, reducing frequency of diarrhoea. Brand: Imodium Action: works by decreasing the flow of fluids and electrolytes into the bowel and by slowing down the movement of the bowel to decrease the number of bowel movements. Binds to the opiate receptor in the gut wall, thereby inhibiting the release of acetylcholine and prostaglandins, thereby reducing propulsive peristalsis, and increasing intestinal transit time. Loperamide increases the tone of the anal sphincter, thereby reducing incontinence and urgency. Indications: Short-term use in diarrhoea IBS short bowel syndrome Inflammatory bowel disease
79
Denosumab
Class/type: human monoclonal antibody Action: inhibits osteoclast formation, function, and survival, thereby decreasing bone resorption. Indications: osteoporosis treatment-induced bone loss metastases to bone giant cell tumor of bone. Denosumab is contraindicated in people with low blood calcium levels. The most common side effects are joint and muscle pain in the arms or legs
80
Nortriptyline
Class/type: TCA Action: inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine by the presynaptic neuronal membrane, thereby increasing the concentration of those neurotransmitters in the synapse. Indications: Depression Neuropathic pain
81
Zopiclone
Class: Non-benzodiazepine hypnotics and sedative Indications: Insomnia, short-term
82
Candesartan
Class: Angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARB) Indication: HTN HF Migraine prophylaxis
83
Thiamine
Class/type: vitamin B1 Indication: Deficiency Commonly associated with alcohol use disorder and malabsorption disorders.
84
Loratadine
Class/type: antihistamine Action: inverse agonist of H1 receptors, blocking action and invoking to opposite Indications: Allergic rhinitis

Gaby’s Quiz (9 decks)

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