Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gaby’s Quiz > Drugs Baby > Flashcards

Drugs Baby Flashcards

1
Q

Name the eight antibiotic classes

A 
aminogylcoside
cephalosporins
penicillin
tetracyclines
quinolones/fluroquinolone
macrolide
sulphonamides
glycopeptide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

name 4 anti-emetics and their common brand names

A

metoclopramide (maxalon, anagraine, paramide, praman)

ondansetron (zofron, danset)

procloperazine (stemetil, stemzine)

promethazine (avomine, phenergan)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

edaravone

A

Class/type: antioxidant drug

Brand: radicava

Action: protects nerve cells by mopping up free radicals

Indications:
one of two treatments for MND/ALS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

riluzole

A

Type/class: anti-glutamate

Action: blocks the release of glutamate from neurons

Indications:
may slow progression of MND

the tablets are absorbed well but their bioavailability is reduced by food
there is extensive hepatic metabolism. this means there is the potential for interactions with drugs such as amitriptyline, quinolones and caffeine and rifampicin.
pts on this medication who present with fever need to be tested for neutropenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

olanzapine

A

Class: Atypical anti-psychotic.

Brand: zyprexa

Indication:
used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. can be used for both new-onset and long-term maintenance for schizophrenia.

Useful for acute distress in the pre-hospital environment, but not as suitable for the agitated or psychotic patient.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Digoxin

A

Class/type: cardiac glycoside.

Action: Digoxin induces an increase in intracellular sodium that will drive an influx of calcium in the heart and cause an increase in contractility.

It works by increasing myocardial contractility, increasing stroke volume and blood pressure, reducing heart rate, and somewhat extending the time frame of the contraction.

Indications:
atrial fibrillation
atrial flutter
heart failure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Rivaroxaban

A

Brand name: Xeralto

Type/class: anticoagulant

Indication:
Following surgery
PE
DVT
AF with risk factors - CHF, HTN, previous stroke, TIA, >75, DM
ACS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dabigatran

A

Brand name: pradaxa

Type/class: anticoagulant

Indications:
AF
Stroke
DVT
ACS
PE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Edoxaban

A

Brand name: lixiana

Type/class: anticoagulant

Indications:
AF
ACS
DVT
Stroke
PE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Oxybutinin

A

Brands names: ditropan, lyrinel, kentera

Type/class: anti-muscarinic - acts to relax the bladder by inhibiting the muscarinic action of acetylcholine on smooth muscle detrusors

Indications:
Urinary frequency, urgency and incontinence (in children)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Phenytoin

A

Type/class: anticonvulsant

Indications:
Slows does electrical activity to stop tonic clinic and focal seizures
Trigeminal neuralgia - nerve pain that effects the face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Folic acid

A

Type/class: vitamin B9

Indications:

prophylaxis in chronic haemolytic states, in renal dialysis, and in drug induced folate deficiency. Folic acid is used for the prevention of recurrence of neural tube defects.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Movicol

A

Type/class: laxative

Indications: constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Gliclazide

A

Type/class: sulfonylurea - increases the amount of insulin the pancreas makes, lowering blood sugar.

Indications:
T2DM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Quetiapine

A

Type/class: atypical antipsychotic

Indications:
BPD
SCHIZOFRENIA
Bipolar
Massive depressive disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Citalopram

A

Brand name: Celexa

Type/class: SSRI

Indications:
Major depressive disorder
OCD
Panic disorder
Social phobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Trimethoprim

A

Class/type: antibiotic/sulfonamide

Indications:
Bladder infections/ UTIs
Sometimes, middle ear infections/ travellers sickness
Occasionally chest infections/ acne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Nicorandil

A

Type/class: potassium channel activator - arterial vasodilator

Indication:
Angina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cyclosporine

A

Type/class: calcineurin inhibitor - immunosuppressant

Indications:
Rheumatoid arthritis
Psoriasis
Crohn’s disease
Nephrotic syndrome
Organ transplants, to prevent rejection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Furosemide

A

Type/class: loop diuretic

Indications:
HTN
HF
Edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Spironolactone

A

Type/class: diuretic, anti-androgen (stops make hormones from working)

Indications:
HTN
Edema caused my HF
Ascites caused by liver disease
Kidney disease - nephrotic syndrome
High levels of aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Abciximab

A

Type/class: glycoproteins iib/iiia receptor antagonist

Indications:
Prevent thrombosis during PCI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Eptifibatide

A

Type/class: anti-platelet, glycoprotein iib/iiia inhibitor

Indications:
Early prevention of MI in unstable angina/NSTEMI, in combination with aspirin and heparin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Escitalopram

A

Brand name: lexapro, cipralex

Type/class: SSRI, antidepressant

Indications:
Depression
Anxiety
OCD
Panic attacks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Fluoxetine

A

Brand name: Prozac

Type/class: SSRI

Indications:
Depression
OCD
Bulimia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Paroxetine

A

Brand name: paxil, seroxat

Type/class: SSRI

Indications:
Usually depression
OCD
Panic attacks
PTSD
Anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Sertraline

A

Brand name: Zoloft, lustral

Type/class: SSRI

Indications:
Depression
Panic attacks
PTSD
OCD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Dapoxetine

A

Brand name: priligy

Type/class: SSRI

Indication:
Premature ejaculation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Fluvoxamine

A

Brand name: favarin

Type/class: SSRI

Indications:
OCD
Social anxiety
Depressive illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Duloxetine

A

Brand names: cymbalta

Type/class: SNRI

Indications:
Depression
Anxiety
Fibromyalgia, nerve pain
Stress urinary incontinence in women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Venlafaxine

A

Brand name: efexar

Type/class: SNRI

Indications:
Depression
Anxiety
Panic attacks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Mirtazapine

A

Brand name: zispin

Type/class: NASSAs - noradrenaline and specific serotonin antidepressant

Indications:
Depression
OCD
Anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Amitriptyline

A

Class/type: TCA

Indications:
Major depressive disorder
Pain syndrome including,
Neuropathic pain
Fibromyalgia
Migraines
Tension headaches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Clomipramine

A

Class/type: TCA

Indications:
OCD
Panic disorder
Major depressive disorder
Chronic pain

35
Q

Imipramine

A

Class/type: TCA

Indications:
Depressive illness
Bed wetting in children

36
Q

Trazodone

A

Type/class: SARI - serotonin antagonists and reuptake inhibitors

Brand name: molipaxin

Indications:
Anxiety
Depression

37
Q

Tranylcypromine

A

Class/type: monoamine oxidase inhibitors - accumulation of the neurotransmitter

Indications:
Depression

38
Q

Isocarboxazid

A

Class/ type: antidepressant, MAO inhibitor

Indication:
Depressive illness

39
Q

Piroxicam

A

Class/type: topical NSAID

Action: works by preventing the production of endogenous prostaglandins which are involved in the mediation of pain, stiffness, tenderness and swelling

Indications:
Rheumatoid arthritis
Osteoarthritis

40
Q

Bumetanide

A

Class/type: diuretic, non-potassium sparing

Indications:
Edema
HTN

41
Q

Nefopam

A

Class/type: non-opioid, central acting painkiller

Indications:
Moderate pain
Eg
Dental
Joint
Muscle
Cancer
Post op

42
Q

Piriton

A

Type/class: antihistamine

Indications:
Hay fever
Allergies
Itchy rash associated with chickenpox

43
Q

Carbocisteine

A

Type/class: mucolytic

Action: reduces the viscosity of sputum, helping it be brought up more easily

Indications:
COPD
Bronchiectasis

44
Q

Tramadol

A

Class/type: opioid, onset 1 hr orally

Indications:
Moderate to severe pain

45
Q

Fragmin

A

Type/class: low molecular weight heparin/ anti-thrombotic, by injection

Indications:
Following clots

46
Q

Dapagliflozin

A

Type/class: sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors - oral T2DM medication

Action: Dapagliflozin works on your kidneys. It increases the amount of sugar removed from your body when you pee. It can also reduce the amount of work your heart needs to do to pump blood around the body. If you’re taking dapagliflozin with other diabetes medicines, it can sometimes cause low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia).

Common side effects include hypoglycaemia, urinary tract infections, genital infections, and volume depletion.

Indications:
T2DM
Heart failure
Chronic kidney disease

47
Q

Linagliptin

A

Class/type: dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors - T2DM medication used in conjunction with diet and exercise to improve glycemic control

Action:

increasing the amounts of certain natural substances that lower blood sugar when it is high

Increases and prolongs active incretin levels, thereby increasing insulin release and decreasing glucagon levels in the circulation in a glucose-dependent manner

Indications:
T2DM

48
Q

Methotrexate

A

Class/type: chemotherapy agent and immunosuppressant

Indications:
Cancer
Autoimmune diseases
Ectopic pregnancy

49
Q

Gabapentin

A

Class/type: anticonvulsant

Indications:
Partial seizures
Neuropathic pain
Eg
Diabetic neuropathy
Postherpetic neuralgia
Central pain

50
Q

Beconase nasal spray

A

Type: beclomethasone - anti-inflammatory corticosteroid

Indications:
Cold-like symptoms caused by allergic rhinitis

51
Q

Tramadol

A

Type/class: opioid painkiller

Indications:
Moderate to severe pain

Oral onset up to 1 hour.

52
Q

Ferrous sulfate

A

Class/type: iron supplement

Indications:
Treat and prevent iron deficiency anemia
Rare genetic disorders that block your intestines from absorbing iron.
Endurance sports that cause athletes to lose iron through their gastrointestinal tracts.
Certain digestive conditions such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease.
Intestine and stomach surgeries, including weight loss surgery.
Conditions that can destroy too many red blood cells (certain infections, autoimmune diseases and inherited blood cell disorders).
Pregnancy (increased need)
Diet low in iron

53
Q

Isosorbide mononitrate

A

Class/type: nitrate

Indications:
Prevention of angina (not acute management)
Coronary heart disease
Heart failure

54
Q

Ramipril

A

Type/class: ACE inhibitor

Action: prevent an enzyme in the body from producing angiotensin II, a substance that narrows blood vessels. sympathetic activity goes down, sodium and water reabsorption from the kidneys reduces, smooth muscles in the arterioles also relax.

Indications:
HTN
Heart failure
Diabetic kidney disease
Post clot management

55
Q

Losartan

A

Type/class: ARB (angiotensin receptor blocker)

Action: relaxes and widens blood vessels by blocking the action of angiotensin II, a chemical in the body that causes the blood vessels to tighten and narrow.

Indications:
HTN
Heart failure
Diabetic kidney disease (to protect kidneys when they have kidney disease and diabetes)
Prevent CVA and AMI
Post AMI management

56
Q

Ticagrelor

A

Type/class: anti-platelet

Action: P2Y12 receptor antagonist that prevents ADP-mediated P2Y12 dependent platelet activation and aggregation

Indications:
Prevention of clots in people with risk factors

57
Q

Lactulose

A

Type: laxative

Indication:
Constipation

58
Q

Nystan

A

Class: anti fungal antibiotic

Indications:
Fungal infections (thrust) on mouth, throat, gut

59
Q

Betamethasone

A

Class: corticosteroid

Tablet or topical

Indications:
Eczema
Psoriasis
Contact dermatitis

60
Q

Hydroxocobalamin

A

Class: vitamin B12, for injection

Indications:
Pernicious anemia (most common in UK) - autoimmune stomach condition
Macrocytic anemia
Leber’s optic atrophy

61
Q

Sitagliptin

A

Class: anti-diabetic medication

Action: By enhancing active incretin levels, sitagliptin increases insulin production and lowers glucagon secretion from alpha cells, which decreases hepatic glucose overproduction

Indications:
T2DM

62
Q

Metformin

A

Class: biguanide anti-hyperglycemic agent

Action: reduces the absorption of sugar from the stomach, reduces the release of stored sugar from the liver, and helps your body use sugar better

Indications:
T2DM, especially when overweight
PCOS

63
Q

Difflam

A

Class/type: benzydamine - anaesthetic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory

Indications:
Mouth ulcers
Teething
Spat throat/gums
Dentures/ dental work

64
Q

Methocarbamol

A

Class: centrally-acting skeletal muscle relaxant

Indications:
Short-term symptomatic relief of muscle spasm, especially in lower back pain

65
Q

Senna

A

Class/type: stimulant laxative

Action: works by increasing activity of the intestines to cause a bowel movement

Indications:
Constipation
To empty bowels before surgery or certain medical procedures

66
Q

Doxazosin

A

Class/type: alpha blocker (alpha-1 adrenoceptor antagonist)

Action: vasodilation of arterioles and veins

Indications:
HTN
Enlarged prostate

67
Q

Cyanocobalamin

A

Type: vitamin B12, oral tablet

Indication:
Deficiency
Anemia

68
Q

Clonazepam

A

Class/type: benzodiazepine

Brand: klonopin, rivotril

Indications:
Seizure
Panic disorder
Anxiety disorder
Akathisia

69
Q

Eplerenone

A

Type/class: potassium sparing diuretic, Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists

Action: selectively blocks aldosterone to lower blood pressure

Indications:
HF
HTN
Hyperaldoseronism

70
Q

Semaglutide

A

Class/type: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, or GLP-1 RAs

Action: prompts the body to produce more insulin, which reduces blood sugar

Indications:
T2DM

71
Q

Tiotropium

A

Class/ type: long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA)

Action: bronchodilator

Indications:
Asthma
COPD

72
Q

Levetiracetam

A

Class: anticonvulsant

Action: slows electrical signals in the brain

Brand: keppra

Indications:
Partial-onset
Myoclonic
Tonic-clonic seizure

73
Q

Baclofen

A

Type/class: muscle relaxant, GABA agonist

Action: inhibition of the transmission of both mono- and polysynaptic reflexes at the spinal cord, relaxing spasticity.

Indication:
Muscle spasticity from SCI and multiple sclerosis

74
Q

Clobazem

A

Class/type: benzodiazepine, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic

Indications:
Seizure
Add-on control of seizure in under 2
And older with Lennox-gastaut syndrome

75
Q

Trihexyphenidyl

A

Class/type: anti cholinergic

Indications:
Tremors
Spasm
Stiffness
Weak muscle control
Parkinson’s disease

76
Q

Paraldehyde

A

Class/type: CNS depressant, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative agent

Indications:
Seizure/status epilepticus

77
Q

Bendroflumethiazide

A

Class/type: thiazide diuretic

Action: inhibiting sodium re absorption at the beginning of the distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

Indications:
HTN
Oedema

78
Q

Loperamide

A

Class/type: antidiarrheal agent, reducing frequency of diarrhoea.

Brand: Imodium

Action:
works by decreasing the flow of fluids and electrolytes into the bowel and by slowing down the movement of the bowel to decrease the number of bowel movements.

Binds to the opiate receptor in the gut wall, thereby inhibiting the release of acetylcholine and prostaglandins, thereby reducing propulsive peristalsis, and increasing intestinal transit time. Loperamide increases the tone of the anal sphincter, thereby reducing incontinence and urgency.

Indications:
Short-term use in diarrhoea
IBS
short bowel syndrome
Inflammatory bowel disease

79
Q

Denosumab

A

Class/type: human monoclonal antibody

Action: inhibits osteoclast formation, function, and survival, thereby decreasing bone resorption.

Indications:
osteoporosis
treatment-induced bone loss
metastases to bone
giant cell tumor of bone.

Denosumab is contraindicated in people with low blood calcium levels.

The most common side effects are joint and muscle pain in the arms or legs

80
Q

Nortriptyline

A

Class/type: TCA

Action: inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine by the presynaptic neuronal membrane, thereby increasing the concentration of those neurotransmitters in the synapse.

Indications:
Depression
Neuropathic pain

81
Q

Zopiclone

A

Class: Non-benzodiazepine hypnotics and sedative

Indications:
Insomnia, short-term

82
Q

Candesartan

A

Class: Angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARB)

Indication:
HTN
HF
Migraine prophylaxis

83
Q

Thiamine

A

Class/type: vitamin B1

Indication:
Deficiency

Commonly associated with alcohol use disorder and malabsorption disorders.

84
Q

Loratadine

A

Class/type: antihistamine

Action: inverse agonist of H1 receptors, blocking action and invoking to opposite

Indications:
Allergic rhinitis

Gaby’s Quiz (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions