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CVR > Drugs - Antihypertensive > Flashcards

Drugs - Antihypertensive Flashcards

1
Q

Methyldopa

A

central alpha-2 sympathoplegic; reduces NE release and inhibits SNS; safe for use on HTN in pregancy; can cause sedation, hemolytic anemia, hepatitis

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1
Q

Clonidine

A

central alpha-2 sympathoplegic; reduces NE release and central sympathetic outflow; use for HTN & drug withdrawal; can cause sedation, dry mouth, depression

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2
Q

Guanabenz

A

central alpha-2 sympathoplegic; use for HTN; may cause dry mouth, drowsiness; less CNS toxicity

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3
Q

Guanfacine

A

central alpha-2 sympathoplegic; use for HTN, heroin withdrawl; may cause dry mouth, drowsiness; less CNS toxicity

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4
Q

Hexamethonium

A

postganglionic nicotinic blocker; rarely used now for HTN; can cause OH, sexual dysfunction, constipation, urinary retention

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5
Q

Trimethaphan

A

postganglionic nicotinic blocker; use for HTN emergency; can cause OH, sexual dysfunction, constipation, urinary retention

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6
Q

Mecamylamine

A

postganglionic nicotinic blocker; rarely used now for HTN; can cause OH, sexual dysfunction, constipation, urinary retention

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7
Q

Guanethidine

A

interferes with NE release from postganglionic sympathetic neuron vesicles; reduces all sympathetic effects; rarely used for HTN; can cause severe orthostatic hypotension, sexual dysfunction

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8
Q

Guanadrel

A

interferes with NE release from postganglionic sympathetic neuron vesicles; reduces all sympathetic effects; rarely used for HTN; can cause severe orthostatic hypotension, sexual dysfunction

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9
Q

Reserpine

A

blocks NE uptake & depletes transmitter stores; reduces all sympathetic effects; rarely used for HTN; long duration, can cause psych depression & GI disturbances

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10
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A

irreversible alpha blocker (alpha1>alpha2); use for pheochromocytoma HTN; can cause orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia; long-acting

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11
Q

Phentolamine

A

competitive alpha blocker; positive inotropic and chronotropic effects; use for pheochromocytoma HTN; can cause hypotension, dysrhythmia

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12
Q

Prazosin

A

alpha-1 blocker; prevent vasoconstriction (arterial and venous dilation), reduce smooth muscle tone; use for HTN & BPH; can cause orthostatic hypotension; raises HDL; tolerance develops

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13
Q

Terazosin

A

alpha-1 blocker; arterial & venous dilation leads to drop in TPR and BP; use for HTN, BPH; can cause orthostatic hypotension

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14
Q

Doxazosin

A

alpha-1 blocker; arterial & venous dilation leads to drop in TPR and BP; use for HTN, BPH; longer half-life than prazosin

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15
Q

Tamsulosin

A

alpha-1a blocker; relaxes prostatic smooth muscle; use for BPH (prostatism); more effect on prostate than BP

16
Q

Yohimbine

A

alpha-2 blocker, increasing NE release; rarely used for orthostatic hypotension; can enhance libido

17
Q

Propranolol

A

beta blocker; decreases CO & renin release; use for HTN; can cause hyperglycemia, bronchoconstriction, bradycardia, worsen PVD; rapid withdrawal can cause MI

18
Q

Pindolol

A

partial beta agonist, vasodilates & lowers vascular resistance; use for HTN, angina; better tolerated in pts with PVD; less bradycardia; still allows for sympathetic surge when needed

19
Q

Metoprolol

A

nonpolar beta-1 blocker; use for HTN, arrhythmias; loses selectivity at high doses

20
Q

Atenolol

A

selective beta-1 blocker; polar; use for HTN, arrhythmias; the most prescribed beta blocker

21
Q

Nebivolol

A

competitive beta-1 blocker; causes NO release & vasodilation; use for HTN

22
Q

Esmolol

A

beta-1 blocker; ultra short acting (half life=10min); use for HTN emergency, intraoperative tachycardia or HTN

23
Q

Labetalol

A

inhibit alpha & beta receptors, leads to vasodilation, decreased PVR, blocks sympathetic compensation effects; use for pheochromocytoma, HTN emergencies; can cause syncope

24
Q

Carvedilol

A

beta blocker with some alpha-1 inhibition; use for HTN; cause less vasodilation than labetalol thus better tolerated in CHF

25
Q

Hydralazine

A

vasodilator via NO; use for HTN; can cause tachycardia, hypotension, angina, peripheral neuropathy, drug fever; slow acetylators can get lupus-like syndrome

26
Q

Minoxidil

A

potent vasodilator; K-channel opener hyperpolarizes vascular smooth muscle; use for HTN; can cause hypertrichosis, tachycardia, fluid/salt retention

27
Q

Diazoxide

A

K-channel opener hyperpolarizes vascular smooth muscle; use for HTN; can cause hypotension & hyperglycemia; fast acting (in 5min); give IV with insulin

28
Q

Sodium Nitroprusside

A

potent vasodilator via NO; use for HTN; very sensitive to light; short-acting; can cause thiocyanate/cyanide toxicity, metabolic acidosis, methemoglobinemia

29
Q

Fenoldopam

A

D1 agonist dilates arteries & cause naturesis; use for HTN, can increase intraocular pressure (not for glaucoma pts); short half life (10min)

30
Q

Captopril

A

ACE inhibitor; polar, short half-life; use for HTN, heart failure; can cause cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, drug fever; teratogenic

31
Q

Enalopril

A

ACE inhibitor; polar, intermediate half-life; use for HTN, heart failure; can cause cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, drug fever; teratogenic

32
Q

Lisinopril

A

ACE inhibitor; polar, long half-life (qD dosing); use for HTN, heart failure; can cause cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, drug fever; teratogenic

33
Q

Quinapril

A

ACE inhibitor; lipophilic/nonpolar, long half-life; use for HTN, heart failure; can cause cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, drug fever; teratogenic

34
Q

Ramipril

A

ACE inhibitor; lipophilic/nonpolar, long half-life; use for HTN, heart failure; can cause cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, drug fever; teratogenic

35
Q

Losartan

A

ARB; use for HTN; angioedema rare but possible; teratogenic

36
Q

Valsartan

A

ARB; use for HTN; angioedema rare but possible; teratogenic

37
Q

Candesartan

A

ARB; use for HTN; angioedema rare but possible; teratogenic

38
Q

Aliskiren

A

renin inhibitor; use for HTN; a newer agent; teratogenic

CVR (3 decks)

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