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Drugs and their Classes/Mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin G (IV, IM, limited oral)

A

natural penicillin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis
beta-lactam ring targets PBPs and prevents transpeptidation (cross-links)
*DOC syphillis and rheumatic fever

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2
Q

Benzathine PCN (IM)

A

natural penicillin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis
beta-lactam ring targets PBPs and prevents transpeptidation (cross-links)

*DOC - syphillis

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3
Q

Procaine PCN (IM)

A

natural penicillin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis

beta-lactam ring targets PBPs and prevents transpeptidation (cross-links)

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4
Q

PCN V (oral)

A

natural penicillin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis

beta-lactam ring targets PBPs and prevents transpeptidation (cross-links)

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5
Q

Nafcillin (IV, IM)

A

penicillinase resistant penicillin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis
beta-lactam ring targets PBPs and prevents transpeptidation (cross-links)
*DOC MSSA

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6
Q

Dicloxacillin (oral)

A

penicillinase resistant penicillin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis
beta-lactam ring targets PBPs and prevents transpeptidation (cross-links)
*DOC MSSA

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7
Q

Oxacillin (IM, IV, oral)

A

penicillinase resistant penicillin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis
beta-lactam ring targets PBPs and prevents transpeptidation (cross-links)
*DOC MSSA

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8
Q

Methacillin - testing purposes only

A

penicillinase resistant penicillin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis
beta-lactam ring targets PBPs and prevents transpeptidation (cross-links)

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9
Q

Ampicillin (oral)

A

extended spectrum pcn, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis
beta-lactam ring targets PBPs and prevents transpeptidation (cross-links)
*DOC Lysteria

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10
Q

Amoxicillin (oral)

A

extended spectrum pcn, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis
beta-lactam ring targets PBPs and prevents transpeptidation (cross-links)
*DOC Lysteria

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11
Q

Piperacillin (parenteral)

A

Anti-pseudomonal PCN, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis
beta-lactam ring targets PBPs and prevents transpeptidation (cross-links)
*must be used in combination wtih aminoglycosides
*DOC for pseudomonas infections

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12
Q

Ticarcillin (parenteral)

A

Anti-pseudomonal PCN, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis
beta-lactam ring targets PBPs and prevents transpeptidation (cross-links)
*must be used in combination wtih aminoglycosides
*DOC for pseudomonas infections

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13
Q

Mezlocillin (parenteral)

A

Anti-pseudomonal PCN, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis
beta-lactam ring targets PBPs and prevents transpeptidation (cross-links)
*must be used in combination wtih aminoglycosides
*DOC for pseudomonas infections

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14
Q

Carbenicillin (parenteral)

A

Anti-pseudomonal PCN, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis
beta-lactam ring targets PBPs and prevents transpeptidation (cross-links)
*must be used in combination wtih aminoglycosides
*DOC for pseudomonas infections

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15
Q

Clavulanic acid

A

PCN combination agent, extends beta lactamase resistance

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16
Q

Sulbactam

A

PCN combination agent, extends beta lactamase resistance

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17
Q

Tazobactam

A

PCN combination agent, extends beta lactamase resistance

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18
Q

Cefazolin (IM, IV)

A

First generation cephalosporin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis, bactericidal, narrow spectrum

  • DOC for surgical prophylaxis
  • DOC for E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus
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19
Q

Cephalothin (IM, IV)

A

First generation cephalosporin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis, bactericidal, narrow spectrum
*DOC for E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus

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20
Q

Cephalexin (oral)

A

First generation cephalosporin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis, bactericidal
*DOC for E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus

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21
Q

Ceflacor (oral)

A

Second generation cephalosporin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis, bactericidal, intermediate spectrum

  • DOC for E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus
  • DOC for Moraxella catarrhalis
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22
Q

Cefuroxime (IM, IV)

A

Second generation cephalosporin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis, bactericidal, intermediate spectrum

  • only 2nd generation that can cross blood brain barrier
  • DOC for E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus
  • DOC for Moraxella catarrhalis
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23
Q

Cefprozil (oral)

A

Second generation cephalosporin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis, bactericidal, intermediate spectrum

  • DOC for E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus
  • DOC for Moraxella catarrhalis
24
Q

Ceftrizxone (Rocephin, IM, IV)

A

Third generation cephalosporin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis, bactericidal, broad spectrum

  • CNS penetration
  • DOC for N. gonorrhoeae
  • DOC for Penicillin resisttant Strep. pneumoniae
  • DOC for E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus
  • DOC for Moraxella catarrhalis
  • DOC for Salmonella
25
Cefotaxime Sodium (IM, IV)
Third generation cephalosporin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis, bactericidal, broad spectrum * CNS penetration * DOC for Moraxella catarrhalis * DOC for Salmonella
26
Cefoperazone (IM, IV)
Third generation cephalosporin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis, bactericidal, broad spectrum * CNS penetration - can be combined wtih aminoglycoside against Pseudomonas * metabolized by liver * DOC for Moraxella catarrhalis * DOC for Salmonella
27
Ceftazidime (IM, IV)
Third generation cephalosporin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis, bactericidal, broad spectrum * CNS penetration - can be combined wtih aminoglycoside against Pseudomonas * DOC for Moraxella catarrhalis * DOC for Salmonella
28
Cefixime (oral)
Third generation cephalosporin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis, bactericidal, broad spectrum * CNS penetration - can be combined wtih aminoglycoside against Pseudomonas * DOC for Moraxella catarrhalis * DOC for Salmonella
29
Cefepime (IV)
Fourth generation cephalosporin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis, bactericidal, broad spectrum Empiric therapy of last resort for serious infections
30
Ceftaroline fosamil (IV)
Fifth generation cepalosporin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis, bactericidal Effective against MRSA, VRSA, CABP
31
Aztreonam (IM, IV)
Monobactam, beta-lactam inhibitor of cell wall synthesis | -good alternative for people allergic to penicillin
32
Imipenem + cilastatin (IV)
Carbapenem, beta-lactam inhibitor of cell wall synthesis, broadest spectrum *DOC for Enterobacter and Serratia
33
Meropenem (IV)
Carbapenem, beta-lactam inhibitor of cell wall synthesis, broadest spectrum *DOC for Enterobacter and Serratia
34
Ertapenem (IV, IM)
Carbapenem, beta-lactam inhibitor of cell wall synthesis`
35
Vancomycin (IV, oral)
Inhibitor of cell wall synthesis, prevents elongation fo the peptidoglycan and cross-linking of peptide chain, binds to D-ala D-ala terminal segment, bacteriocidal *DOC against MRSA, but drug of last resort due to emergence of VRE
36
Fosfomycin (oral)
Inhibitor of cell wall synthesis by inhibiting reduction of NAG to NAM
37
Bacitracin (topical)
Inhibitor of cell wall synthesis by interfering with final dephosphorylation step Used in combination wtih neomycin and polymxins
38
Cycloserine (oral)
Inhibitor of Cell wall synthesis, inhibits D-ala from being incorporated, inhibitiing attachemtn of the peptide chain to the peptidoglycan unit -serious CNS side effects
39
Erythromycin (oral, IV)
macrolide, inhibitor of protein synthesis, binds reversibly to 50S ribosome, bacteriostatic -severe GI side effects
40
Clarithromycin (oral)
macrolide, inhibitor of protein synthesis, binds reversibly to 50S ribosome, bacteriostatic -few GI side effects
41
Azithromycin (oral)
macrolide, inhibitor of protein synthesis, binds reversibly to 50S ribosome, bacteriostatic - not metabolized by liver, so few drug interactions
42
Telithromycin (oral)
Ketolide, inhibitor of protein synthesis, binds to 50S ribosome -reversible inhibitor of P450 enzymes, and metabolized by the liver = serious hepatotoxcity
43
Clindamycin (oral, IV)
inhibitor of protein synthesis, binds to 50S ribosome; may be bacteriostatic or bacteriacidal depending on concentration *DOC in osteomyelitis - good bone penetration
44
Dalfopristin + Quinupristin (Synercid, IV)
Streptogramin - inhibits translation by blocking ribosome fx, bacteriocidal Dalfopristin binds to 70S or 50S and inhibits early phase Quinupristin binds to 50S and inhibits late phase *treats VRE, MSSA, MRSA, PCN resistant strep
45
Linezolid (IV, oral)
inhibitor of protein synthesis, binds to 50S ribosome, prevents the formation of a functional 70S initiation complex - MAO inhibitor - 100% bioavailability * treats VRE, MRSA
46
Streptomycin (IV,IM)
Aminoglycosides, Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 30S subunit, Bacteriocidal, but require oxygen and active transport to get inside bacterial cell wall (therefore combine with Inhibitor of Cell wall synthesis) -effective against Pseudomonas
47
Gentamicin (IV, IM, topical)
Aminoglycosides, Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 30S subunit, Bacteriocidal, but require oxygen and active transport to get inside bacterial cell wall (therefore combine with Inhibitor of Cell wall synthesis) -effective against Pseudomonas
48
Tobramycin (IV, IM, topical)
Aminoglycosides, Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 30S subunit, Bacteriocidal, but require oxygen and active transport to get inside bacterial cell wall (therefore combine with Inhibitor of Cell wall synthesis) -effective against Pseudomonas
49
Amikacin (IV, IM)
Aminoglycosides, Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 30S subunit, Bacteriocidal, but require oxygen and active transport to get inside bacterial cell wall (therefore combine with Inhibitor of Cell wall synthesis) -effective against Pseudomonas
50
Neomycin (oral, topical)
Aminoglycosides, Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 30S subunit, Bacteriocidal, but require oxygen and active transport to get inside bacterial cell wall (therefore combine with Inhibitor of Cell wall synthesis) -effective against Pseudomonas
51
Chloramphenicol (topical, oral, IV)
Inhibits protein synthesis, reversibly binds to 50S preventing TRNA attachment - Never a first choice - Best CNS and eye penetration
52
Tetracycline (oral, topical)
Tetracyclines, inhibitor of protein synthesis by binding to 30S to prevent tRNA attachment, bacteriostatic * DOC Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydiae, rickettsaie - deposits in bones so not for kids, pregnant women
53
Doxycycline (oral)
Tetracyclines, inhibitor of protein synthesis by binding to 30S to prevent tRNA attachment, bacteriostatic * DOC Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydiae, rickettsaie - deposits in bones so not for kids, pregnant women
54
Minocycline (oral)
Tetracyclines, inhibitor of protein synthesis by binding to 30S to prevent tRNA attachment, bacteriostatic * DOC Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydiae, rickettsaie - deposits in bones so not for kids, pregnant women
55
Tigecycline
Glycylcyclines, inhibitor of protein synthesis by binding to 30S to prevent tRNA attachment, bacteriostatic - activity against MRSA, MRSE, PCN resistant strep, VRE

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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