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Pharmacology > Drugs and their Classes/Mechanisms > Flashcards

Drugs and their Classes/Mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin G (IV, IM, limited oral)

A

natural penicillin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis
beta-lactam ring targets PBPs and prevents transpeptidation (cross-links)
*DOC syphillis and rheumatic fever

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2
Q

Benzathine PCN (IM)

A

natural penicillin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis
beta-lactam ring targets PBPs and prevents transpeptidation (cross-links)

*DOC - syphillis

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3
Q

Procaine PCN (IM)

A

natural penicillin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis

beta-lactam ring targets PBPs and prevents transpeptidation (cross-links)

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4
Q

PCN V (oral)

A

natural penicillin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis

beta-lactam ring targets PBPs and prevents transpeptidation (cross-links)

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5
Q

Nafcillin (IV, IM)

A

penicillinase resistant penicillin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis
beta-lactam ring targets PBPs and prevents transpeptidation (cross-links)
*DOC MSSA

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6
Q

Dicloxacillin (oral)

A

penicillinase resistant penicillin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis
beta-lactam ring targets PBPs and prevents transpeptidation (cross-links)
*DOC MSSA

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7
Q

Oxacillin (IM, IV, oral)

A

penicillinase resistant penicillin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis
beta-lactam ring targets PBPs and prevents transpeptidation (cross-links)
*DOC MSSA

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8
Q

Methacillin - testing purposes only

A

penicillinase resistant penicillin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis
beta-lactam ring targets PBPs and prevents transpeptidation (cross-links)

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9
Q

Ampicillin (oral)

A

extended spectrum pcn, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis
beta-lactam ring targets PBPs and prevents transpeptidation (cross-links)
*DOC Lysteria

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10
Q

Amoxicillin (oral)

A

extended spectrum pcn, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis
beta-lactam ring targets PBPs and prevents transpeptidation (cross-links)
*DOC Lysteria

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11
Q

Piperacillin (parenteral)

A

Anti-pseudomonal PCN, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis
beta-lactam ring targets PBPs and prevents transpeptidation (cross-links)
*must be used in combination wtih aminoglycosides
*DOC for pseudomonas infections

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12
Q

Ticarcillin (parenteral)

A

Anti-pseudomonal PCN, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis
beta-lactam ring targets PBPs and prevents transpeptidation (cross-links)
*must be used in combination wtih aminoglycosides
*DOC for pseudomonas infections

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13
Q

Mezlocillin (parenteral)

A

Anti-pseudomonal PCN, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis
beta-lactam ring targets PBPs and prevents transpeptidation (cross-links)
*must be used in combination wtih aminoglycosides
*DOC for pseudomonas infections

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14
Q

Carbenicillin (parenteral)

A

Anti-pseudomonal PCN, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis
beta-lactam ring targets PBPs and prevents transpeptidation (cross-links)
*must be used in combination wtih aminoglycosides
*DOC for pseudomonas infections

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15
Q

Clavulanic acid

A

PCN combination agent, extends beta lactamase resistance

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16
Q

Sulbactam

A

PCN combination agent, extends beta lactamase resistance

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17
Q

Tazobactam

A

PCN combination agent, extends beta lactamase resistance

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18
Q

Cefazolin (IM, IV)

A

First generation cephalosporin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis, bactericidal, narrow spectrum

  • DOC for surgical prophylaxis
  • DOC for E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus
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19
Q

Cephalothin (IM, IV)

A

First generation cephalosporin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis, bactericidal, narrow spectrum
*DOC for E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus

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20
Q

Cephalexin (oral)

A

First generation cephalosporin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis, bactericidal
*DOC for E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus

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21
Q

Ceflacor (oral)

A

Second generation cephalosporin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis, bactericidal, intermediate spectrum

  • DOC for E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus
  • DOC for Moraxella catarrhalis
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22
Q

Cefuroxime (IM, IV)

A

Second generation cephalosporin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis, bactericidal, intermediate spectrum

  • only 2nd generation that can cross blood brain barrier
  • DOC for E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus
  • DOC for Moraxella catarrhalis
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23
Q

Cefprozil (oral)

A

Second generation cephalosporin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis, bactericidal, intermediate spectrum

  • DOC for E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus
  • DOC for Moraxella catarrhalis
24
Q

Ceftrizxone (Rocephin, IM, IV)

A

Third generation cephalosporin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis, bactericidal, broad spectrum

  • CNS penetration
  • DOC for N. gonorrhoeae
  • DOC for Penicillin resisttant Strep. pneumoniae
  • DOC for E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus
  • DOC for Moraxella catarrhalis
  • DOC for Salmonella
25
Q

Cefotaxime Sodium (IM, IV)

A

Third generation cephalosporin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis, bactericidal, broad spectrum

  • CNS penetration
  • DOC for Moraxella catarrhalis
  • DOC for Salmonella
26
Q

Cefoperazone (IM, IV)

A

Third generation cephalosporin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis, bactericidal, broad spectrum

  • CNS penetration
  • can be combined wtih aminoglycoside against Pseudomonas
  • metabolized by liver
  • DOC for Moraxella catarrhalis
  • DOC for Salmonella
27
Q

Ceftazidime (IM, IV)

A

Third generation cephalosporin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis, bactericidal, broad spectrum

  • CNS penetration
  • can be combined wtih aminoglycoside against Pseudomonas
  • DOC for Moraxella catarrhalis
  • DOC for Salmonella
28
Q

Cefixime (oral)

A

Third generation cephalosporin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis, bactericidal, broad spectrum

  • CNS penetration
  • can be combined wtih aminoglycoside against Pseudomonas
  • DOC for Moraxella catarrhalis
  • DOC for Salmonella
29
Q

Cefepime (IV)

A

Fourth generation cephalosporin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis, bactericidal, broad spectrum
Empiric therapy of last resort for serious infections

30
Q

Ceftaroline fosamil (IV)

A

Fifth generation cepalosporin, inhibitor of cell wall synthesis, bactericidal
Effective against MRSA, VRSA, CABP

31
Q

Aztreonam (IM, IV)

A

Monobactam, beta-lactam inhibitor of cell wall synthesis

-good alternative for people allergic to penicillin

32
Q

Imipenem + cilastatin (IV)

A

Carbapenem, beta-lactam inhibitor of cell wall synthesis, broadest spectrum
*DOC for Enterobacter and Serratia

33
Q

Meropenem (IV)

A

Carbapenem, beta-lactam inhibitor of cell wall synthesis, broadest spectrum
*DOC for Enterobacter and Serratia

34
Q

Ertapenem (IV, IM)

A

Carbapenem, beta-lactam inhibitor of cell wall synthesis`

35
Q

Vancomycin (IV, oral)

A

Inhibitor of cell wall synthesis, prevents elongation fo the peptidoglycan and cross-linking of peptide chain, binds to D-ala D-ala terminal segment, bacteriocidal
*DOC against MRSA, but drug of last resort due to emergence of VRE

36
Q

Fosfomycin (oral)

A

Inhibitor of cell wall synthesis by inhibiting reduction of NAG to NAM

37
Q

Bacitracin (topical)

A

Inhibitor of cell wall synthesis by interfering with final dephosphorylation step
Used in combination wtih neomycin and polymxins

38
Q

Cycloserine (oral)

A

Inhibitor of Cell wall synthesis, inhibits D-ala from being incorporated, inhibitiing attachemtn of the peptide chain to the peptidoglycan unit
-serious CNS side effects

39
Q

Erythromycin (oral, IV)

A

macrolide, inhibitor of protein synthesis, binds reversibly to 50S ribosome, bacteriostatic
-severe GI side effects

40
Q

Clarithromycin (oral)

A

macrolide, inhibitor of protein synthesis, binds reversibly to 50S ribosome, bacteriostatic
-few GI side effects

41
Q

Azithromycin (oral)

A

macrolide, inhibitor of protein synthesis, binds reversibly to 50S ribosome, bacteriostatic
- not metabolized by liver, so few drug interactions

42
Q

Telithromycin (oral)

A

Ketolide, inhibitor of protein synthesis, binds to 50S ribosome
-reversible inhibitor of P450 enzymes, and metabolized by the liver = serious hepatotoxcity

43
Q

Clindamycin (oral, IV)

A

inhibitor of protein synthesis, binds to 50S ribosome; may be bacteriostatic or bacteriacidal depending on concentration
*DOC in osteomyelitis - good bone penetration

44
Q

Dalfopristin + Quinupristin (Synercid, IV)

A

Streptogramin - inhibits translation by blocking ribosome fx, bacteriocidal
Dalfopristin binds to 70S or 50S and inhibits early phase
Quinupristin binds to 50S and inhibits late phase
*treats VRE, MSSA, MRSA, PCN resistant strep

45
Q

Linezolid (IV, oral)

A

inhibitor of protein synthesis, binds to 50S ribosome, prevents the formation of a functional 70S initiation complex

  • MAO inhibitor
  • 100% bioavailability
  • treats VRE, MRSA
46
Q

Streptomycin (IV,IM)

A

Aminoglycosides, Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 30S subunit, Bacteriocidal, but require oxygen and active transport to get inside bacterial cell wall (therefore combine with Inhibitor of Cell wall synthesis)
-effective against Pseudomonas

47
Q

Gentamicin (IV, IM, topical)

A

Aminoglycosides, Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 30S subunit, Bacteriocidal, but require oxygen and active transport to get inside bacterial cell wall (therefore combine with Inhibitor of Cell wall synthesis)
-effective against Pseudomonas

48
Q

Tobramycin (IV, IM, topical)

A

Aminoglycosides, Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 30S subunit, Bacteriocidal, but require oxygen and active transport to get inside bacterial cell wall (therefore combine with Inhibitor of Cell wall synthesis)
-effective against Pseudomonas

49
Q

Amikacin (IV, IM)

A

Aminoglycosides, Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 30S subunit, Bacteriocidal, but require oxygen and active transport to get inside bacterial cell wall (therefore combine with Inhibitor of Cell wall synthesis)
-effective against Pseudomonas

50
Q

Neomycin (oral, topical)

A

Aminoglycosides, Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 30S subunit, Bacteriocidal, but require oxygen and active transport to get inside bacterial cell wall (therefore combine with Inhibitor of Cell wall synthesis)
-effective against Pseudomonas

51
Q

Chloramphenicol (topical, oral, IV)

A

Inhibits protein synthesis, reversibly binds to 50S preventing TRNA attachment

  • Never a first choice
  • Best CNS and eye penetration
52
Q

Tetracycline (oral, topical)

A

Tetracyclines, inhibitor of protein synthesis by binding to 30S to prevent tRNA attachment, bacteriostatic

  • DOC Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydiae, rickettsaie
  • deposits in bones so not for kids, pregnant women
53
Q

Doxycycline (oral)

A

Tetracyclines, inhibitor of protein synthesis by binding to 30S to prevent tRNA attachment, bacteriostatic

  • DOC Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydiae, rickettsaie
  • deposits in bones so not for kids, pregnant women
54
Q

Minocycline (oral)

A

Tetracyclines, inhibitor of protein synthesis by binding to 30S to prevent tRNA attachment, bacteriostatic

  • DOC Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydiae, rickettsaie
  • deposits in bones so not for kids, pregnant women
55
Q

Tigecycline

A

Glycylcyclines, inhibitor of protein synthesis by binding to 30S to prevent tRNA attachment, bacteriostatic
- activity against MRSA, MRSE, PCN resistant strep, VRE

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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