Drugs and the nervous system Flashcards
What does dopamine do
Affects mood and reward seeking behaviour
Where does dopamine bind?
D1-5 receptors
List some dopamine agonists and state the conditions they are used in
Pramipexole, ropinirole, levodopa, apomorphine - Parkinson’s disease
Cabergoline - hyperprolactaemia and acromegaly
List some dopamine antagonists and state the conditions they are used in
Chlorpromazine - schizophrenia
Metoclopramide - nausea
What may inhibition of dopamine cause
Drug induced parkinsonism
What might too much dopamine cause
Gambling and drug addiction
Where does serotonin act?
Many types of serotonin receptor 5HT1-7
List some drugs which increase the activity of serotonin and state what they are used in
Lithium - mood stabiliser
Sumatriptan - migraine
Buspirone - (partial agonist) - anxiety
Sertraline and fluoxetine - depression
List some serotonin antagonists and state what they are used for
Ondansetron - nausea
Mirtazapine - depression
Olanzapine and clozapine - schizophrenia
Name some excitatory neurotransmitters
Glutamate and aspartate
Name some inhibitory neurotransmitters
GABA
Where do glutamate and aspartate act?
NMDA and non-NMDA receptors
In what conditions are the neurotransmitters glutamate and aspartate important in?
Epilepsy and CNS ischaemia
List some GABA agonists and state what they are used in
(Alcohol)
Gabapentin, valproate - epilepsy and neuropathic pain
Benzodiazepines - sedation
Baclofen - spasticity
Name a glutamate antagonist and state its use
Memantine - dementia
Name the two classes of acetylcholine receptor
Muscarinic
Nicotinic
Name some peripheral acetylcholine agonists and state their use
Pilocarpine - glaucoma
Acetylcholinesterase’s - myasthenia
Name some peripheral acetylcholine antagonists and state their use
Ipatropium - asthma
Atropine - Increase heart rate
Dilate pupils
Dry up secretions pre-op
Name some centrally acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and state their use
Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine - used in dementia
Name some centrally acting acetylcholine antagonists and state their use
Procyclidine and trihexyphenidyl - drug induced parkinsonism
When might purinergic receptor blockers be useful
Emerging role in chronic pain
Give an example of an antihistamine used in the treatment of nausea
Cyclizine
Name 2 neuropeptides
Opioids
Substance P
Name a substance P receptor blocker and give its use
Aprepitant
Chemo related nausea
What receptors do noradrenaline and adrenaline work on
Alpha 1-2
Beta 1-2
Noradrenaline is more specific for alpha receptors
What do alpha receptors drive in the periphery?
Vasoconstriction and pupil dilation
In the periphery what do B1 receptors drive?
Increase pulse and myocardial contractility
In the periphery what do B2 receptors drive?
Bronchodilation, uterine relaxation and arteriolar vasodilation
