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S4M3 > Drugs and reproductive system neoplasms > Flashcards

Drugs and reproductive system neoplasms Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MOA of Methotrexate?

A

Competitive and reversible DHRF inhibitor

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2
Q

What is the antidotes for methotrexate?

A

Leucovorin/ folinic acid- the rescue agent

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3
Q

What are the uses of methotrexate?

A

solid tumors / immunosuppression in graft rejection

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4
Q

What are the toxicities of methotrexate?

A

NEPHROTOXIC, myelosuppressive, pulmonary and hepatotoxic

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5
Q

What are the uses of cyclophosphamide?

A

leukemia, solid tumor, non hodgkins lymphoma, ovarian ca, neuroblastoma, immunosuppressive to prevent graft rejection

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6
Q

What is the MOA of cyclophosphamide?

A

become strong electrophiles thru formation of carbonic ion, converted to active nitrogen mustard which ends products of metabolism so ultimately affects DNA and RNA synthesis

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7
Q

What are the antidotes for cyclophosphamide?

A

Mesna and acrolein

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8
Q

What is the toxicity of cyclophosphamide?

A

bone marrow suppression, cystitis, darkening of nails and hair loss

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9
Q

What are the uses of cisplatin?

A

urinogenital cancers (testicular, ovarian and bladder) alone is effective in colorectal cancer

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10
Q

What is the MOA of cisplatin?

A

reacts with DNA forming strand links leading to breaks and miscoding, causing inhibition of replication and transcription

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11
Q

What are the toxicities for cisplatin?

A

nephrotoxicity, electrolyte disturbance, and ototoxicity

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12
Q

What are the uses for doxorubicin?

A

solid tumors of breast, endometrium, testes and lung. used for Hodgkins and non hodgkins lymphoma, sarcomas and metastatic carcinoma of the thyroid

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13
Q

What is the MOA for doxorubicin?

A

prevents TOPII resealing helical breaks. a TOPII poison. Drug induced single and double strand breaks causes free radical formation

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14
Q

What would cause resistance to doxorubicin?

A
  1. development of abnormal transport proteins

2. MDR gene over expresses the glycoprotein regulating efflux

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15
Q

What are the toxicities for doxorubicin?

A

serious cardiomyopathy. with repeated doses supraventricular arrhythmia may occur

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16
Q

What is the antidote for doxorubicin

A

Dexrazoxane, an iron chelators, reduces the cardiomyopathy damage induced

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17
Q

What are the uses for bleomycin?

A

testicular cancers, squamouse ca of the head neck and lungs, and lymphomas

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18
Q

What is the MOA of bleomycin?

A

fragmentation of DNA; RS formation cause chromosomal fragmentation, cells accumulate in G2 phase of cell cycle

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19
Q

What are the toxicities associated with bleomycin?

A

pulmonary toxicity (dry cough) and pulmonary fibrosis

20
Q

What is the MOA of etoposide?

A

stabilizes the topoisomerase II DNA complex causing double strand DNA breaks during DNA replication.

21
Q

What are the uses for etoposide?

A

treats first time and metastatic testicular cancer

22
Q

What are the uses for paclitaxel?

A

Ovarian and breast, lung esophageal, bladder, head and neck cancer

23
Q

What is the MOA of paclitaxel?

A

Inhibits microtubule disassembly and microtubular plates accumulate in cells causing abnormal and dysfunctional spindles

24
Q

What are the toxicities assoc with paclitaxel?

A

Hypersensitivity reactions, neutropenia, cardiac conduction defects

25
Q

What are the uses for tamoxifen?

A

Breast ca, infertility and gynecomastia

26
Q

What is the MOA of tamoxifen?

A

blocks binding of estrogen to its receptor in breast ca

27
Q

What are the toxicities for tamoxifen?

A

N/V, hot flashes, vaginal bleeding, disease flare, hypercalemia, ocular dysfunction and peripheral edema

28
Q

What is the use for anastrozole?

A

breast cancer

29
Q

What is the MOA of anastrozole?

A

aromatase inhibitor prevents estrogen synthesis, so decrease production of testosterone and estrone

30
Q

What is the use of Fulvestrant?

A

Antiestrogen for hormone sensitive tumors

31
Q

What is the MOA of flutamide?

A

Nonsteroidal androgen antagonis (NSAA) which inhibits the translocation of steroid receptors to the nucleus

32
Q

What is the MOA finasteride?

A

5 alpha reductase inhibitor-inhibits synthesis of dihydrotestosterone.

33
Q

What is the use of finaseride?

A

prostate cancer

34
Q

What is the MOA of leuprolide?

A

GnRH analogue which acts as a partial agonist at GnRH receptors.

35
Q

What is leuprolide used for?

A

treatment of prostate cancer

36
Q

What is the MOA of trastuzumab?

A

recombinant DNA derived humanized monoclonal antibody (G1 kappa)

37
Q

What is the use for trastuzumab?

A

specific HER2 breast cancer

38
Q

what are the adverse effects of trastuzumab?

A

cardiotoxicity (uncommon)

39
Q

What is the use of Pamidronate?

A

bisphosphonate that treats osteoporosis used in disease of bone mineral homeostasis

40
Q

What is the MOA of pamidronate?

A

suppresses the activity of osteoclasts via inhibition of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthesis

41
Q

What are the toxicities for pamidronate?

A

adynamic bone, possible renal failure, osteonecrosis

42
Q

What are the uses for Raloxifene?

A

prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women

43
Q

What is the MOA of raloxifene?

A

SERM - selective estrogen receptor modulator

44
Q

what is the adverse effect of raloxifene?

A

possible venous thromboembolism

45
Q

What is the use of zoledronic acid ?

A

used in the treatment of skeletal metastases and hypercalcemia in patients with breast cancer or osteolytic lesions of myeloma

46
Q

What is the MOA of oxandrolone?

A

a synthetic anabolic steroid derivative of dihydrotestosterone

47
Q

What are the uses of oxandrolene?

A

promotes skeletal muscle protein synthesis through direct action on testosterone or dihydrotesterone receptors. **it will not aromatize
-maybe used to treat wasting disease in AIDS

S4M3 (5 decks)

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