Drugs affecting coagulation Flashcards
What component of the clotting pathway is heparin dependent on?
Antithrombin III, acts as a catalyst for it to inhibit clotting Xa and thrombin. Needs A III to work, negative heparin binds to positive AIII and then to a PLASMA SERINE PROTEASE
Which is the one drug in the HMW heparin class? What is it indicated for?
Heparin sodium (Liquaemin) used for anticoag in surgery and IV catheters, as prophylaxis for DVT and PE
What is the antidote for heparin?
Protamine sulfate (+ charge binds to -heparin instead of AIII)
What is a side effect that all anticoagulants share?
possibility for hemorrhage
What are the LMW heparins? What are some benefits to using LMW heparins as opposed to HMW?
Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
Fondaparinux (Arixtra-synthetic)
Can be injected SQ so it can be used in PGN to replace warfarin, lower incidence of HIT
Is protamine sulfate used to reverse LMW Heparins?
Not completely enoxaparin, has no effect on fondaparinux
How does Lepirudin work? Where is it cleared? What should you use instead if this organ is not functioning well?
It is a direct thrombin inhibitor, does not need AIII to work (heparin is considered indirect), cleared by kidney (use argatroban instead)
Your patient is experiencing clotting following heparin therapy. What should you give first if this person has okay kidney function?
lepirudin (refludan)
Your patient is experiencing HIT. What should you give if this person has okay liver function and poor kidney function?
argatroban (novastan)
What sets dabigatran apart from lepirudin and argatroban? What does that imply?
It is an oral direct thrombin inhibitor, which means it is not evaluated by PTT
Why is the black box warning of oral anticoagulants so problematic?
because practitioners are used to continuing effect of warfarin and not the immediate cessation of anticoagulation with removal of a drug as exists with dabigatran
What are the two oral direct factor Xa inhibitors?
Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) and Apixaban (Equilis)
What are the indications for using rivaroxaban?
Treatment and prevention of DVT and PE, prophylaxis of future clots
So if Vitamin K reduction is inhibited by warfarin, what is the antidote for it? What does this tell you of its efficacy?
Vitamin K; efficacy takes time and must be started with heparin because Protein C is also inhibited and it is the first to run out due to its short half life
Which anticoagulant(s) are contraindicated in PGN?
warfarin