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Pharmacology (Semester 2) > Drugs Affecting Childbearing Women and Newborns > Flashcards

Drugs Affecting Childbearing Women and Newborns Flashcards

1
Q

What are the side effects of estrogen excess?

A

Vertigo, Fluid Retention, Edema, Breast tenderness/enlargement, Chloasma

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2
Q

What are not so common side effects of estrogen excess?

A

Leg cramps, Vision Changes, Vascular Headache, Hypertension

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3
Q

What are side effects of progestin excess?

A

Weight gain, Acne, Vaginitis from yeast, Excess hair growth, Decreased breast size, Amenorrhea

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4
Q

What does ACHES stand for?

A

abdominal pain, chest pain, headache, eye strain, swelling in legs.

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5
Q

OCP: absolute contraindications?

A

Hx of breast cancer/ thromboembolitic disorders/ cerebrovascular or cardiovascular disorders/ liver tumors, pregnancy, diabetic complications (>20yrs), undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, hypertension, heavy smoker/35+ yrs

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6
Q

OCP: cautious use?

A

> 35 yrs and smokes <15 cigs/day, more than 40 yrs of age, non-insulin dependent diabetes, controlled or mild hypertension.

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7
Q

What are the combined OCPs?

A

The pill, NuvaRing, The patch, Lunelle (IM, injection)

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8
Q

What are the progestin-only OCPs?

A

Mini-pill, IUD (Mirena), Depo-Provera (IM, injection), Implanon, EC

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9
Q

What are the 2 most common Tocolytics?

A

Beta-Adrenergic Agent and Calcium Antagonist

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10
Q

What are the 2 Beta-Adrenergic Agents used?

A

Brethine and Yutopar

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11
Q

What is the Calcium Antagonist used?

A

Magnesium Sulfate

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12
Q

What are the 2 Tocolytics used for long-term PO?

A

Calcium-channel blocker and Prostaglandin Synthesis Inhibitor

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13
Q

What is the Calcium Channel blocker used?

A

Procardia

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14
Q

What is the Prostaglandin Synthesis Inhibitor used?

A

Indocin

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15
Q

What are the corticosteroids given to promote surfactant development in PTLs?

A

Betamethasone and Dexamethasone

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16
Q

What are the two types of drugs given to treat preeclampsia?

A

Anticonvulsant’s (magnesium sulfate) and antihypertensives (Apresoline and Aldomet)

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17
Q

What are the 2 Narcotic agents given for pain management?

A

Demerol and Morphine Sulfate

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18
Q

What are the 2 mixed narcotics given for pain management?

A

Stadol and Nubain

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19
Q

What are the 2 Sedative-Hypnotics given for pain management?

A

Phenergan and Vistaril

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20
Q

What is the antagonist medication used for all pain management medications?

A

Narcan

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21
Q

What are the 2 medications used for Induction and Augmentation of labor?

A

Uterotropic Drugs: Prostaglandin and Oxytocin

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22
Q

What are the 2 Prostaglandin medications given for cervical ripening?

A

Cervadil and Cytotec

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23
Q

What are the 2 drugs given for postpartum hemorrhage?

A

Uterotropic drugs: Ergot Alkaloids and Prostaglandin

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24
Q

What are the 2 medications of Ergot Alkaloids given?

A

Methergine and Ergotrate

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25
Q

What is the prostaglandin medication given for postpartum hemorrhage?

A

Carboprost

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26
Q

What are maternal postpartum medications used for?

A

Lactation suppressant, Analgesic, Promote Bowel Functioning, Relieve Perineal Wounds, Relieve perineal hemorrhoids.

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27
Q

What are the 3 postpartum medications given to the Newborn?

A

Vitamin K, Triple dye, and Erythromycin opthalmic ointment.

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28
Q

What are 5 medications given for patients with Endometriosis?

A

Ibuprofen, Progestin contraceptive, Aromatase Inhibitor, Testosterone derivative, Gn-RH Agonists

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29
Q

What is the medication given for Aromatase Inhibitor?

A

Arimidex

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30
Q

What is the medication given for Testosterone derivative?

A

Danazol

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31
Q

What are the 2 medications given for Gn-RH Agonists?

A

Lupron Depot and Synarel.

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32
Q

OCP: what is the action of the Estrogen-Progesterone pill?

A

suppresses the release of LH and FSH (occurs when estrogen levels are high).

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33
Q

OCP: what is the action of the “mini pill”?

A

alters cervical mucosa

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34
Q

What are some drugs that impairs the effectiveness of the pills?

A

antibiotics, smoking, drugs, caffeine, St. John’s Wort.

35
Q

OCP: what are the two hormonal injections, route, S/E, frequency?

A

Depo-Provera (Q3months) and Lunelle (monthly), IM route, S/E amenorrhea.

36
Q

OCP: what is the frequency and S/E of NuvaRing?

A

Change every one month (3 weeks in, 1 week off), S/E: potential vaginal irritation.

37
Q

OCP: what are the two IUD’s used and what is the frequency?

A

Paraguard (10-12 years, ideal if have CVD) and Mirena (5 years).

38
Q

OCP: what is the frequency of the transdermal patch?

A

Change every month (wear 3 weeks, off 1 week).

39
Q

OCP: What are the three Emergency Contraceptives used and what are their frequency?

A

Plan B (up to 3 days with N/V), Ella (up to 5 days), Copper T/Paraguard (up to 5-7 days).

40
Q

OCP: mini pill, what are some nursing considerations?

A

use for patients who are breast feeding, hx of coronary artery disease, and hx of cancer.

41
Q

What is the FDA Class A drug system mean?

A

studies in pregnant women show no risk

42
Q

What is the FDA Class B drug system mean?

A

studies in pregnant animals show no risk

43
Q

What is the FDA Class C drug system mean?

A

safety not determined in human pregnancy, animal studies show some risk or not done.

44
Q

What is the FDA Class D drug system mean?

A

some evidence of risk in human pregnancy

45
Q

What is the FDA Class X drug system mean?

A

reports in humans and various studies in animals show risk.

46
Q

When do you take iron supplements?

A

2nd-3rd trimester, and 6 weeks postpartum.

47
Q

What are some dietary sources of iron?

A

meats, dark greens, egg yolk, cereal, soybeans, tomatoes, rice, lentils.

48
Q

What are some side effects of iron?

A

constipation, N/V, abdominal discomfort, dark colored stool.

49
Q

What are some nursing implications when taking iron?

A

best absorbed on an empty stomach or taken with water or juice, If GI upset occurs take with food, calcium/cereals/tea/coffee decrease absorption of iron, take with zinc and copper supplements because iron interferes with its absorption.

50
Q

When do you take folic acid?

A

before conception to the 1st month of pregnancy

51
Q

What are some dietary sources of folic acid?

A

legumes, grains, dark greens, OJ, pasta, bread, flour.

52
Q

What are some side effects of folid acid?

A

rash, puritus, intensely colored urine, allergic bronchospasm, erythema.

53
Q

What are some nursing implications for prenatal vitamins?

A

vitamin A in excess is teratogenic, vitamins DEK in excess is toxic, water-soluble vitamins are easily transferable from food to water in cooking, used effectively when taken with food.

54
Q

What are some non-pharm methods to treat N/V?

A

ginger, peppermint, get up slowly, eat snack with high fiber, small frequent meals, avoid fatty-foods, liquids taken between meals.

55
Q

What are some meds given to treat N/V?

A

Reglan and Zofran

56
Q

What are some S/E of Reglan and Zofran?

A

HA, constipation, fatigue, insomnia

57
Q

What are some nursing considerations for treating N/V?

A

eat every 2-3 hours, salt food to replace chloride, eat potassium and magnesium rich foods, TPN.

58
Q

What are some causes for heartburn in pregnancy?

A

cardiac sphincter relaxes d/t increased hormone levels, gastric motility decreased

59
Q

What are some non-pham methods to treat heartburn?

A

don’t lay down after eating, dont drink fluids after meal, limit size of food, eat slowly, avoid citric acids.

60
Q

What are some medications pregnant women can use to treat heartburn?

A

Antacids (sodium free, magnesium and aluminum), Histamine 2 Receptor antagonists.

61
Q

What medication can a pregnant woman take for pain?

A

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

62
Q

What medications cant a pregnant woman take for pain?

A

Ibuprofen and Aspirin.

63
Q

What are some contributing factors for PTL?

A

age of mother (young or old), drug usage, previous history of PTL.

64
Q

What are some initial measures taken for treatment of PTL?

A

hydration, decrease activity level, treatment of infection.

65
Q

What are some contraindications for treating PTL?

A

less than 20 weeks GA, bulging bag of water or PROM, confirmed fetal demise, maternal hemorrhage.

66
Q

What are some nursing interventions taken for PTL?

A

assess breath and bowel sounds, monitor I/O, monitor FHR/VS, assess DTR, place in left lateral position.

67
Q

What are some S/E of Beta-Adrenergic Agents?

A

tachycardia, flush, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia

68
Q

What are some contraindications for Beta-Adrenergic Agents?

A

diabetic, cardiovascular disease

69
Q

What are some S/E of Calcium Antagonist?

A

decreased DTR, respiratory depression, hypotension, increased HR, blurred vision, decreased GI action.

70
Q

What are some contraindications for Calcium Antagonist?

A

impaired kidney function, myocardial infarction.

71
Q

What are some S/E of calcium-channel blockers?

A

orthostatic hypotension, increased maternal/fetal heart rate

72
Q

What are some S/E of Indocin?

A

abnormal bleeding, rash, N/V, heartburn (mother)

pulmonary hypertension, oligohydramnios (fetus)

73
Q

What are some S/E of corticosteroids?

A

HA, hypertension, hyperglycemia, edema, hypersensitivity reactions

74
Q

What are some Nursing interventions to corticosteroids?

A

monitor VS and lung sounds, inject in large muscle, monitor glucose levels.

75
Q

What are some risk factors for Preeclampsia?

A

first pregnancy, DM, obesity, multifetal pregnancy, anemia

76
Q

What are some symptoms of Preeclampsia?

A

HA, blurred vision, proteins in urine, edema, increased Cr levels, hypertension, decreased urine output, stomach pain (impending seizure).

77
Q

What are some S/E of Apresoline and Aldomet?

A

peripheral edema, tachycardia, palpitations, nasal congestion.

78
Q

What are some nursing interventions for Apresoline and Aldomet?

A

monitor BP, monitor changes in LOC, monitor I/Os, monitor FHR.

79
Q

Why not give Diuretics or Angiotensin converting enzymes to a preeclampsia patient?

A

alters plasma volume and potential fetal renal toxicity.

80
Q

What are some nursing interventions before regional pain management?

A

Prehydrate, monitor FHT, assess maternal VS, assess LOC, equip at bedside.

81
Q

What are some nursing interventions after regional pain management?

A

displace uterus to the left, BP Q5minutes for 15 minutes, insert foley catheter, assess for reactions.

82
Q

What are some indications for inducing labor?

A

gestational hypertension, intrauterine fetal death, maternal renal disease.

83
Q

What are some contraindications for inducing labor?

A

hemorrhage or previous c-section

Pharmacology (Semester 2) (1 decks)

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