Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharm II > Drugs Affecting Blood Coagulation > Flashcards

Drugs Affecting Blood Coagulation Flashcards

1
Q

blood vessel injury

A

local vasoconstriction seals off small injury; platelets form a plug; thrombin seals system; extrinsic pathway clots the blood that has leaked out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

types of blood disorders

A

thromboembolic disorder; hemorrhagic disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

thromboembolic disorder

A

conditions that predispose a person to the formation of clots and emboli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

hemorrhagic disorder

A

disorder in which excess bleeding occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

action of anticoagulants

A

warfarin, heparin; interfere with the clotting cascade and thrombin formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

action of antiplatelet

A

acetylsalicylic acid (ASA); alter the formation of the platelet plug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

action of thrombolytic drugs

A

break down the thrombus that has been formed by stimulating the plasmin system (clotbusters)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

action of ASA

A

inhibit platelet adhesion and aggregation by blocking receptor sites on the platelet membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

anagrelide

A

blocks the production of platelets in bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

indications of ASA

A

prevent cost formation; reduce risk of recurrent TIAs or strokes; reduce death or nonfatal MI; MI prophylaxis; anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

pharmacokinetics of ASA

A

well absorbed and bound to plasma proteins; metabolized in the liver and excreted in the urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

contraindications of ASA

A

allergy, pregnancy, and lactation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cautions of ASA

A

bleeding disorder, recent surgery, close-headed injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

adverse effects of ASA

A

bleeding; headache, dizziness, weakness; GI distress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

drug-drug interactions of ASA

A

another drug that affects blood clotting; ASA, herbals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

anticoagulants

A

heparin (IV); warfarin (PO)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

actions of anticoagulants

A

interfere with the normal cascade of events involved in the clotting process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

contraindications of anticoagulants

A

allergy and condition that could be compromised by bleeding tendencies; pregnancy, renal, or hepatic disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

cautions of anicoagulants

A

CHF, senility, or psychosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

adverse effects of anticoagulants

A

bleeding, GI upset, hepatic dysfunction, alopecia, dermatitis, bone marrow suppression, prolonged, and painful erection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

toxic effects of anticoagulants

A

hematuria, melena (blood in stool), petechiae, ecchymoses, and gum or mucous membrane bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what do you do if a patient is experiencing a toxic effect

A

stop drug immediately

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

precautions of anticoagulants

A

contraindicated in patients with thrombocytopenia; should not be used during eye, spinal cord, or brain surgery, lumbar function or regional anesthesia; cautiously in clients who have hemophilia, PUD, severe HTN, or kidney disease or threatened abortion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

interactions between heparin

A

oral anticoagulants, salicylates, penicillin’s, or cephalosporins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what specific drugs should you use caution with due to an increased risk of bleeding
NSAIDs, ASA, and other anticoagulants; avoid concurrent use, injury; limit venipuncture and injections
26
where is heparin obtained from
lungs or intestinal mucosa of pigs; natural anticoagulant
27
what is the normal range of units given of heparin IV
10-40K units/mL
28
what measurement is needed every 6 hours while taking IV heparin
PTT
29
nursing implications of IV heparin
double checked with another nurse; may be given as bolus or infusion; effects are seen immediately; lab values needed to monitor coagulation effects
30
protamine sulfate
antidote for excessive anticoagulation
31
what is the measurement needed to reverse heparin
1mg protamine sulfate=100 units of heparin
32
type I of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
gradual reduction in platelets; heparin therapy can generally be continued
33
type II of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
acute fall in the number of platelets (more than 50% reduction from baseline)
34
type II of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
acute fall in the number of platelets (more than 50% reduction from baseline); discontinue heparin
35
clinical manifestations of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
thrombosis that can be fatal
36
clinical manifestations of warfarin use
skin necrosis and "purple toes" syndrome
37
how much heparin subq do you give for DVT prophylaxis
5000 unites two-three times a day
38
where can't you give heparin subq? (within 2 inches of...)
umbilicus, abdominal incisions, open wounds, scars, drainage tubes, or stomas
39
where should a heparin subq shot be given?
areas of deep subcutaneous fat and sites
40
enoxaparin
inhibit thrombus and clot formation; do not greatly affect thrombin, clotting, or prothrombin times; fewer systemic adverse effects
41
when is enoxaparin used
prophylaxis and treatment: DVT, bedrest, postop
42
what should you not do with enoxaparin
aspirate subq injections or massage the injection site
43
what should be monitored when a patient is on warfarin
(oral anticoagulant) PT and INR
44
INR values
1.0- normal 2-3.5 with warfarin
45
intended responses of warfarin
increased clotting time, decreased clot formation (existing clots don't grow), maintain blood flow
46
can warfarin and heparin mix
yes until PT/INR levels indicate adequate anticoagulation
47
what is the antidote for warfarin
VITAMIN K
48
patient education for anticoagulants
lab testing; signs of abnormal bleeding; injury prevention; wear medical ID bracelet; avoid foods high in vitamin K
49
food high in vitamin K
tomatoes, dark leafy green veggies
50
herbal reactions with anticoagualnts
increased bleeding capsicum pepper, garlic, ginger, ginkgo, st john's wort, feverfew
51
nursing considerations for anticoagulants
recent surgery; active internal bleeding; anything affecting bloof
52
thrombolytic agents
alteplase; break down the thrombus that has been formed stimulating the plasmin system (clotbuster)
53
actions of alteplase
activating plasminogen to plasmin, which in turn breaks down fibrin threads in a clot to dissolve a formed clot
54
indications of alteplase
acute MI, pulmonary emboli, ischemic stroke
55
pharmacokinetics of alteplase
drugs must be injected and are cleared from the body after liver metabolism; pregnancy and lactation
56
contraindications of alteplase
allergy; any condition that would be worsened by dissolution of clots
57
adverse effects of alteplase
bleeding; cardiac arrhythmias; hypotension; hypersensitivity- rash, flushing, bronchospasm, and anaphylactic reaction
58
drug-drug interactions of alteplase
anticoagulants and antiplatelet
59
hemophilia
genetic lack of clotting factors that leaves the patient vulnerable to excessive bleeding with any injury
60
liver disease
clotting factors and proteins needed for clotting are not produced
61
bone marrow disorders
platelets are not formed in sufficient quantity to be effective
62
hemostatic agents
aminocaproic acid; prevent wide or systemic clot breakdown, thus preventing blood loss in situations in which serious systemic bleeding could occur, or hyperfibrinolysis
63
actions and indications of aminocaproic acid
prevent systemic clot breakdown to prevent blood loss
64
actions and indications of topical hemostatic agents
for surface injuries involve so much damage to the small vessels in the area that clotting does not occur and blood is slowly and continually lost
65
pharmacokinetics of aminocaproic acid
oral and IV, rapidly absorbed, widely distributed throughout body, excreted largely unchanged in urine
66
pharmacokinetics of topical hemostatic agents
sponges, sprays, topical solution
67
contraindications of aminocaproic acid
allergy, acute DIC
68
contraindications of topical hemostatic agents
allergy to bovine products
69
cautions of aminocaproic acid
cardiac disease, renal/hepatic dysfunction, pregnancy and lactation
70
cautions of topical hemostatic agents
safety in children not established
71
adverse effects of aminocaproic acid
excessive clotting CNS, GI, weakness, fatigue, malaise, and muscle pain
72
adverse reactions of topical hemostatic agents
none reported

Pharm II (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions