drugs affecting ANS

Question 1

another name for sympathetic nervous system

Answer 1

adrenergic

Question 2

another name for parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 2

cholinergic

Question 3

neurotransmitters that affect SNS

Answer 3

epinephrine, norepinephrine & dopamine (catecholamines)

Question 4

neurotransmitters that affect Parasymp N System

Answer 4

Ach

Question 5

Location of nerves/neurons in SNS vs PNS

Answer 5

Sympathetic Nervous System: middle of spinal cord, short neuron first, meets at ganglia, then longer neuron
PNS: long neuron first, then second is shorter

Question 6

2 types of receptors within ANS

Answer 6

Alpha and Beta receptors (1 & 2)

Question 7

2 types of receptors within PNS

Answer 7

muscarinic and nicotinic

Question 8

adrenergic responses of the body: head to toe

Answer 8

pupil dilation, dry mouth, bronchodilation, dec GI motility, inc sweat glands, sphincter contraction to hold pee

Question 9

cholinergic responses of the body: head to toe

Answer 9

pupil constriction, inc salivation, bronchoconstriction, Inc GI motility, bladder fungus contraction so you can pee

Question 10

other examples under umbrella term: cholinergic blocking drugs

Answer 10

anti-cholinergic drugs, parasympatholytic, antimuscarinic

Question 11

Alpha-adrenergic physiological activities: BP, eyes, and GI

Answer 11

Vasoconstriction of arterioles, resulting in higher blood pressure
Pupil dilation
Relaxation of the gut

Question 12

Beta-adrenergic physiological activities

Answer 12

Cardiac acceleration and increased contractility (inc HR)
Vasodilation of arterioles supplying skeletal muscles
Bronchial relaxation (lungs)
Uterine relaxation

Question 13

(Adrenergic)

Alpha1 receptors: action

Answer 13

Rx nasal congestion, hypotension

Mediate systemic vasoconstriction

Question 14

(Adrenergic)

Alpha 2 receptors: what it treats and how

Answer 14

Rx HTN

Inhibit sympathetic vasomotor center and decrease sympathetic outflow to periphery

Question 15

(Adrenergic)

Beta 1 receptors: what it treats and how

Answer 15

Rx cardiac arrest, heart failure, shock

Mediate increased heart rate, force of contraction, CO

Question 16

(Adrenergic)

Beta 2 receptors: what it treats and how

Answer 16

Rx asthma, premature labor contractions

Mediate bronchodilation and pupil dilation

Question 17

this type of drug: Slow heart rate and cause vasodilatation by working centrally in the brain. give examples of it

Answer 17

Alpha 2 receptors

Clonidine (Catapres) and Methyldopa (aldomet)

Question 18

CLonidine uses

Answer 18

decrease BP
withdrawal symptoms
used for ADHD

Question 19

Methyldopa uses

Answer 19

treats HTN in pregnant women

can cause hepatotoxicity, hypersensitivity reaction (rash fatigue, etc)

Question 20

Beta 2 main use:

Answer 20

bronchodilation

Question 21

alpha blockers (antagonist): action and what it treats

Answer 21

Action: block alpha receptors leading to vasodilation

Used to treat HTN, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), Raynaud’s disease, and migraine headaches

Question 22

beta blockers

Answer 22

Action: antagonize or block the effects of catecholamines
Can be “selective” to beta1 receptors (heart) or “nonselective” to beta1 receptors
Mainly used for HTN and after myocardial infarction (MI)

Question 23

drug examples of alpha blockers, risk and ADRs

Answer 23

Prazosin (minipress) and Doxazocin (Cardura)

Doxazosin risk for early HF; both have risk for first dose orthostatic hypotension

Question 24

another ex of alpha blockers, besides minidress and cardura; used for what and ADRs

Answer 24

Flomax (Tamsulosin)- Have increased selectivity for alpha receptors in prostate
Used for BPH
ADRs: Increased risk of ejaculatory dysfunction

Question 25

beta blockers that are non-selective

Answer 25

propanolol (crosses blood brain barrier, so good for tremors and migraines), nadolol

Question 26

ADRs of beta blockers

Answer 26

hypotension, bradycardia, drowsiness, masks hypoglycemia, impotence, dec libido

Question 27

rational drug selection for choosing beta blockers:

Answer 27

works well in African Americans; ace inhibitors don’t work well on them

Question 28

education on beta blocker use:

Answer 28

abrupt withdrawal can cause reflect tachycardia; life-threatening

Question 29

drug examples of combined alpha and beta blockers

Answer 29

carvidolol (coreg) and labetolol (normodyne);

treats HTN and slows progression of HF

Question 30

cholinergic agents can be what two classifications:

Answer 30

direct acting or indirect acting

Question 31

drug prototypes for direct acting cholinergic drugs

Answer 31

bethanicol and Pilocarpine

Question 32

drug prototypes for indirect acting cholinergic drugs

Answer 32

neostigmine bromide (Prostigmin)

Question 33

main uses of cholinergic drugs

Answer 33

To decrease intraocular pressure in glaucoma (bc PNS constricts pupils)
To treat atony of gastrointestinal tract and urinary bladder (bc PNS ups GI system; ex:give post-op tp help them move food and pee)
To diagnose and treat myasthenia gravis (not enough Ach)

Question 34

this drug treats anticholinergic toxicity

Answer 34

physostigmine

Question 35

Betanechol

Answer 35

direct acting cholinergic drug

Increases tone of detrusor muscle and causes bladder contractions
Increases gastric tone 
ADRs – rare if given po
Clinical use
Neurogenic bladder atony

Question 36

examples of anti-cholinergic drugs

Answer 36

atropine- for severe bradycardia
scopolamine- motion sickness
Artane and cogentin- treats tremors, salivation, and EPA symptoms in EPS
oxybutinin (ditropan) treats overactive bladder
dicyclomine (bentyl) treats IBD
Ipatroprium Bromide- bronchodilator

Question 37

what are ADRs of anticholinergic drugs

Answer 37

tachycardia, dry oral and resp. secretions, and constipation

Question 38

examples of indirect acting cholinergic drugs

Answer 38

cholinesterase inhibitors:

• Neostigmine and Pyridostigmine- intensifies effects of Ash –> treatment for M gravis
• Donezepil (aricept)- treats alzhiemers’s (prevents degradation of Ach by blocking AChe