Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NCM 106 (Finals) > Drugs acting on the nervous system > Flashcards

Drugs acting on the nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

MAJOR NEUROTRANSMITTERS

A
  1. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
  2. Serotonin
  3. Dopamine
  4. Norepinephrine
  5. Acetylcholine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS

A

Excitatory neurotransmitters
Inhibitory neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Functions to prevent an action potential

A

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Function to activate receptors on the postsynaptic membrane and enhance the effects of the action potential

A

Excitatory neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The most powerful inhibitory neurotransmitter

A

GAMA-AMINOBUTYRIC (GABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

GAMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA) is produced by the neurons of?

A

spinal cord
cerebellum
basal ganglia
many areas of the cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

function is to reduce neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system

A

GAMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

functions are closely related to mood and emotions

A

GAMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When GABA is abnormally low this can lead to?

A

Anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

an inhibitory neurotransmitter that has been found to be intimately involved in emotion and mood

A

SEROTONIN (5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE, 5-HT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

SEROTONIN (5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE, 5-HT) is produced by the neurons of?

A

brainstem
neurons that innervate the gastrointestinal tract (enteric nervous system)
platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

functions is to regulate body temperature, perception of pain, emotion, and sleep cycles

A

SEROTONIN (5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE, 5-HT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

An insufficient secretion of _________ may result in decrease immune system function, as well as range of emotional disorders like depression, anger control problems, obsessive compulsive disorder and even suicidal tendencies.

A

SEROTONIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Regulates sleep, wakefulness and mood as well
as the delusions, hallucinations and withdrawal
of schizophrenia

A

SEROTONIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

withdrawal of schizophrenia

A

SEROTONIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

a neurotransmitter secreted by the neurons of the substantia nigra

A

DOPAMINE (DA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

considered a special type of neurotransmitter because its effects are both excitatory and inhibitory

A

DOPAMINE (DA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Its function is to inhibit unnecessary movements, inhibits the release of prolactin, and stimulated the secretion of growth hormone

A

DOPAMINE (DA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Drugs and alcohol abuse can temporarily increase _______ level in the blood, leading to confusion and inability to focus

A

DOPAMINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

__________ results from dopamine deficiency related to the
destruction of the ________________

A

DOPAMINE
SUBSTANTIA NIGRA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Involved in regulation of cognition, emotional responses and motivation

A

DOPAMINE CONTAINING NEURONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Also known as noradrenaline (Nad)

A

NOREPINEPHERINE (NE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

An excitatory neurotransmitter produced by the brainstem, hypothalamus, and adrenal glands and released into the bloodstream

A

NOREPINEPHERINE (NE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Its function is to increase the level of alertness and wakefulness, stimulates various process of the body

A

NOREPINEPHERINE (NE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Is implicated in mood disorders such as depression and anxiety, in which case its concentration in the body is very low

A

NOREPINEPHRINE (NE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Is also associated with control of arousal, attention, vigilance, mood, affect, and anxiety

A

NOREPINEPHRINE (NE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Involved with thinking, planning, and interpreting

A

NOREPINEPHRINE (NE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Abnormally high concentration may lead to impaired sleep cycle

A

NOREPINEPHRINE (NE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

An excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by neurons that innervate muscle cells, basal ganglia, preganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system and post ganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system.

A

ACETYLCHOLINE (Ach)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Its function is to regulate skin cycle, essential for muscle functioning

A

ACETYLCHOLINE (Ach)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Its main function is to stimulate muscle contraction

A

ACETYLCHOLINE (Ach)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Plays a role in sleep and wakefulness

A

ACETYLCHOLINE (Ach)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Benzodiazepine

A

ANXIOLYTIC AGENTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

State of apprehension, tension, or uneasiness that stems from anticipation of danger, the source of which is largely unknown or unrecognized

A

ANXIETY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

A normal emotion. It’s your brain’s way of reacting to stress and alerting your potential danger ahead

A

ANXIETY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Occasional anxiety is ok, but occasional disorder is different

A

ANXIETY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Are group of mental illnesses that cause constant and overwhelming anxiety and fear

A

ANXIETY DISORDERS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

TWO CLASSIFICATIONS OF ANXIETY

A
  1. Primary anxiety
  2. Secondary anxiety
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

The cause is not by medical condition or drugs

A

PRIMARY ANXIETY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

The cause is related to selected drugs, medical, or psychiatric disorders

A

SECONDARY ANXIETY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

TYPES OF ANXIETY DISORDERS

A
  1. Situational
  2. Generalized
  3. Panic
  4. Phobias
  5. OCD
  6. PTSD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Anxiety experienced by people faced with a stressful environment

A

SITUATIONAL ANXIETY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Is beneficial because it motivates people to accomplish tasks in a prompt manner

A

SITUATIONAL ANXIETY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Difficult to control, your excessive anxiety, unrealistic worry and tension with little or no reason that lasts 6 months or more

A

GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Symptoms include: restlessness, fatigue, muscle tension, nervousness, inability to focus or concentrate, and sleep disturbance

A

GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Most common type of stress disorder

A

GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Characterized by intense feelings of immediate apprehension, fearfulness, terror or impending doom accompanied by increased autonomic nervous system activities that brings panic attack

A

PANIC DISORDER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

During panic attack, you may break out in sweat, have chest pain, and have a pounding heartbeat (palpitations) that will last less than 10 mins.

A

PANIC DISORDER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Fearful feelings attached to situations or objects

A

PHOBIAS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Involves recurrent, intrusive thoughts or repetitive behaviors that interfere with normal activities or relationships

A

OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER (OCD)

51
Q

A type of situational anxiety that develops in response to re-experiencing a previous life event

A

POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER
(PTSD)

52
Q

Cognitive behavioral therapy
Counselling
Biofeedback techniques
Meditation and other complimentary therapies
Relaxation technique
Psychotherapy
Support group

A

NON PHARMACOLOGICAL STRATEGIES FOR
ANXIETY

53
Q

Drugs of choice for various anxiety disorders and short term insomnia

A

BENZODIAZEPINES

54
Q

Drugs of choice for various anxiety disorders and short term insomnia

A

BENZODIAZEPINES

55
Q

Also used as anti-convulsants, sedativehypnotics, pre-operative drugs and anxiolytics

A

BENZODIAZEPINES

56
Q

Enhance the action of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter within the CNS.

A

BENZODIAZEPINES

57
Q

categorized as scheduled IV drugs

A

BENZODIAZEPINES

58
Q

refers to an aromatic compound, one having a carbon ring structure attached to different atoms or to another carbon ring

A

“BENZO”

59
Q

EXAMPLES OF BENZODIAZEPINES

A
  • Chlorodiazepoxide (Librium)
  • Diazepam (Valium)
  • Lorazepam (Ativan)
  • Medazolam (Versed)
  • Halazepam (Paxipam)
60
Q

rapid onset time 15-30 minutes to reach peak serum levels

A

MIDAZOLAM (Versed)

61
Q

take 1 to 3 hours to reach peak serum levels

A

HALAZEPAM (Paxipam)

62
Q

First and most widely used benzodiazepines

A
  1. CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE (LIBRIUM)
  2. DIAZEPAM (VALIUM)
63
Q

Used also for its sedative effect
Given PO, IV, IM

A

CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE (LIBRIUM)

64
Q
  • Mild to moderate anxiety
  • Control alcohol withdrawal syndrome
  • If given IV it should monitored carefully owing a rapid onset of CNS and possible respiratory depression
A

LORAZEPAM (ATIVAN)

65
Q
  • For anxiety, muscle spasm, seizure disorders
  • For pre-operative sedation/use as induction
    agents for general anesthesia
  • Treatment for alcohol withdrawal symptoms
A

DIAZEPAM (VALIUM)

66
Q
  • If given IV, it should be monitored carefully owing a rapid onset of CNS and possible respiratory depression
  • Promote central muscle relaxation
A

DIAZEPAM (VALIUM)

67
Q

Lipid soluble
Absorbed readily in the GI tract
Highly protein bound
Excreted in the urine

A

PHARMACOKINETICS OF BENZADIAZEPINES

68
Q

Must be prescribed no more that 3-4 weeks

A

PHARMACODYNAMICS OF BENZODIAZEPINES

69
Q

o Sedation, drowsiness, dizziness, confusion
o Lethargy, ataxia, headache, dry mouth
o Blurred vision, urinary incontinence
o Memory problems, muscle weakness

A

SIDE EFFECTS OF BENZODIAZEPINES

70
Q

o Acute hyperexcited states, hallucinations
o Increased muscle spasticity, renal impairment,
respiratory impairment due to hypersalivation
o Congenital defects among women who are pregnant

A

ADVERSE REACTIONS OF BENZODIAZEPINES

71
Q

Antidote for Benzodiazepines such as:
- diazepam (valium)
- lorazepam (Ativan)
- midazolam (versed)
Must be administered intravenously (IV).

A

FLUMAZENIL (ROMAZICON)

72
Q
  1. Assess client’s need for antianxiety drugs, including intensity and duration of symptom
  2. Identify factors that precipitate anxiety or insomnia, physical symptoms, excessive CNS
    stimulation, excessive daytime sleep
  3. Assess for the likelihood of drug abuse and dependence and identify coping mechanism
    used in managing previous episodes of stress
    and anxiety
  4. Used cautiously to patient with a suicidal
    potential, because it may increase the risk of
    suicide
  5. Benzodiazepines are contraindicated in narrow
    angle glaucoma
A

BENZODIAZEPINES: NURSING CONSIDERATIONS

73
Q
  1. Used cautiously to patient with impaired renal or
    liver function
  2. Assess for common side effects related to CNS
    depression such as drowsiness and dizziness
    because these increase a client’s risk of injury
    and may indicate a need for dose reduction
  3. Benzodiazepines are used illegally for
    recreation, most often by adolescents, young
    adults, and opioid or cocaine addicts
  4. Benzodiazepines cross the placenta and
    excreted in breast milk, they are not
    recommended in pregnant or nursing women
  5. Used cautiously in elderly clients, because
    metabolism and excretion are slowed may lead
    to overdose
  6. Assess elderly for over sedation, confusion,
    dizziness, and impaired mobility
A

BENZODIAZEPINES: NURSING CONSIDERATIONS

74
Q
  1. Used caution when driving or operating heavy
    machinery until the effect of the medication is
    known. Benzodiazepines can cause drowsiness,
    impair mental and physical functioning
  2. Take the medication as directed. Do not exceed
    the ordered dosage
  3. Avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants,
    because they may cause increased drowsiness.
  4. Do not stop taking medications suddenly,
    because withdrawal symptoms may occur
  5. Store medication safely out of reach of children
  6. Inform that the effective response is 1 to 2
    weeks
A

BENZODIAZEPINES: CLIENT HEALTH TEACHINGS

75
Q

Treat major depression by enhancing mood

A

ANTIDEPRESSANT

76
Q

Often prescribe to phobia, OCD, panic, and
anxiety

A

ANTIDEPRESSANT

77
Q

Beneficial in treating psychological and physical signs of pain, especially in clients without major depressive disorder

A

ANTIDEPRESSANT

78
Q
  • The most important warning about antidepressants.
  • This should be included at the beginning of drug package inserts and drug information sheets. This warning to applies to children who are at risk for suicidal ideation.
A

BLACK BOX WARNING

79
Q
  1. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
  2. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
  3. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
  4. Atypical antidepressants including the serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and other atypical antidepressants
A

FOUR PRIMARY CLASSES OF ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUGS

80
Q

Examples of ATYPICAL ANTIDEPRESSANTS

A
  • DULOXETINE (CYMBALTA)
  • VENLAFAXINE (EFFEXOR)
81
Q

They inhibit the reabsorption of serotonin and norepinephrine and elevate mood by increasing the level of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the central nervous system

A
  • DULOXETINE (CYMBALTA)
  • VENLAFAXINE (EFFEXOR)
82
Q

Inhibit the reuptake of both norepinephrine and serotonin into presynaptic nerve terminals

A

TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS (TCAs)

83
Q

Used mainly for major depression and occasionally for milder situational depression

A

TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS (TCAs)

84
Q

Approved treatment for OCD

A

CLOMIPRAMINE (ANAFRANIL)

85
Q

Used for treatment of childhood enuresis

A

CLOMIPRAMINE (ANAFRANIL)

86
Q

Example of TCAs

A
  • Amitriptyline (Elavil)
  • Amoxapine (Asendin)
  • Imipramine (Tofranil)
87
Q

o Orthostatic hypotension – most common
o Drowsiness, sedation, dizziness, dry mouth,
constipation, urine retention, blurred vision and
mydriasis

A

SIDE EFFECTS OF TCAs

88
Q

o Cardiac dysrhythmias – the most serious
adverse effects
o Heart block, MI
o Bone marrow depression, seizures
o Angioedema of the face, tongue or generalized

A

ADVERSE EFFECTS OF TCAs

89
Q

o Cardiac dysrhythmias – the most serious adverse effects
o Heart block, MI
o Bone marrow depression, seizures
o Angioedema of the face, tongue or generalized

A

ADVERSE EFFECTS OF TCAs

90
Q
  1. Therapeutic effects of TCAs may take 2 to 4
    weeks to occur
  2. Monitor the client closely for symptoms of
    suicidal ideation throughout the treatment
  3. TCAs is contraindicated in client in the acute
    recovery phase of an MI, with heart block or with
    history of dysrhythmias, because of their effects
    on cardiac tisse
  4. Carefully monitor clients with epilepsy, TCAs lower the seizure threshold
A

NURSING CONSIDERATIONS FOR TCAs

91
Q
  1. Clients with urinary retention, narrow angle
    glaucoma or prostatic hypertrophy may not be
    good candidates for TCAs because of
    anticholinergic side effects.
  2. Tricyclics must be given with extreme caution to
    client with asthma, cardiovascular disorders,
    gastrointestinal disorders, alcoholism and other
    psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia
    and bipolar disorders
  3. Most TCAs are pregnancy category C or D, so
    they are used during pregnancy or lactation only
    when medically necessary
  4. Oral contraceptive may decrease the efficacy of
    tricyclics
A

NURSING CONSIDERATIONS FOR TCAs

92
Q
  1. Cimetidine (Tagamet) interferes with their
    metabolism and excretion
  2. Tricyclic affect the efficacy of clonidine
    (catapres) and guanethidine (Ismelin)
  3. The nurse should observe clients for the effects
    of drugs that enhance the effects of TCAs such
    as antidysrhythmics, antihistamine,
    antihypertensive, and CNS depressants
  4. Carbamazepine (Tegretol), Phenytoin (Dilantin),
    and rifampin (rifadin) because it will increase the
    rate of TCAs metabolism and excretion
  5. Cigarette smoking diminishes the effects of
    TCAs
A

NURSING CONSIDERATIONS OF TCAs

93
Q
  1. Be aware that it may take several weeks or more
    to achieve the full therapeutic effect of the drug
  2. Keep all scheduled follow up appointments with
    your health care provider
  3. Sweating along with anticholinergic side effects
    may occur
  4. Take the medication exactly as prescribes and
    reports side effects if they occur
  5. Avoid using alcohol and other CNS depressants
A

CLIENT HEALTH TEACHINGS FOR TCAs

94
Q
  1. Do not take other prescription drugs, OTC
    medications, or herbal remedies without
    notifying your heath care provider
  2. Change positions slowly to avoid dizziness
  3. Do not drive or engage in hazardous activities
    until the drug’s sedative effect is known
  4. Take the drug at bedtime if sedation occurs
  5. Immediately discuss with your healthcare provider an intention or desire to become pregnant, because these drugs must be withdrawn over several weeks and not discontinued abruptly
A

CLIENT HEALTH TEACHINGS FOR TCAs

95
Q

Drugs that slow the reuptake of the serotonin
into presynaptic nerve terminals

A

SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS
(SSRIs)

96
Q

They are the drug of choice in the treatment of
depression because of their favorable side effect
profile

A

SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS
(SSRIs)

97
Q

Its function is to increase level of serotonin in the synaptic gap induce complex neurotransmitter
changes in presynaptic and postsynaptic
neurons in the brain. Presynaptic receptors
become less sensitive and postsynaptic receptor
become more sensitive.

A

SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS
(SSRIs)

98
Q

Is a natural neurotransmitter in the CNS, found in high concentrations in certain neurons in hypothalamus, limbic system, medulla and spinal cord.

A

SEROTONIN

99
Q

Is important to several body activities including
the cycling between NREM and REM sleep, pain
perception and emotional states

A

SEROTONIN

100
Q

Its chemical name is 5-hydorxytryptamine (5-HT)

A

SEROTONIN

101
Q

 Major depression
 OCD
 Panic, phobias, PTSD

A

SSRIs treats the following

102
Q
  • Citalopram (Celexa)
  • Escitalopram oxalate (Lexapro)
  • Fluoxetine (Prozac)
  • Fluvoxamine (Luvox)
  • Paroxetine (Paxil)
  • Sertraline (Zoloft)
A

DRUG EXAMPLES OF SSRIs

103
Q

o Nausea, headache, nervousness, anxiety
o Insomnia, somnolence, dizziness, fatigue
o GI disturbances, anorexia
o Increased heart rate and hypertension
(sympathomimetic effects)
o Dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, and
constipation (anticholinergic effects)
o Sedation

A

SIDE EFFECTS/ADVERSE EFFECTS OF SSRIs

104
Q

Sexual dysfunction

A

most common side effects of SSRIs

105
Q

Steven-Johnson syndrome

A

serious adverse effects of SSRIs

106
Q

A rare but serious disorder that affects the skin,
mucous membrane, genitals and eyes

A

STEVEN-JOHNSON SYNDROME

107
Q

Usually caused by an unpredictable adverse
reaction to certain medications

A

STEVEN-JOHNSON SYNDROME

108
Q

May occur when the client is takin in another medication that affects the metabolism, synthesis or reuptake of serotonin, causing serotonin to accumulate in the body

A

SEROTONIN SYNDROME (SES)

109
Q

Symptoms can begin as early as 2 hours after taking first dose or as late several weeks after the initiating pharmacotherapy

A

SEROTONIN SYNDROME (SES)

110
Q

o Mental status changes (confusion, anxiety, restlessness)
o Hypertension, tremors
o Sweating, hyperpyrexia, or ataxia

A

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF SES

111
Q
  1. Assess the client’s needs for antidepressants by
    noting the intensity and duration of symptoms
    and identifying factors that led to depression
    such as life events, and health changes
  2. Obtain a careful drug history, including the use
    of CNS depressants, alcohol, and other
    antidepressants, especially MAOI therapy,
    because this may interact with SSRIs
  3. Assess for hypersensitivity to SSRIs
A

NURSING CONDSIDERATIONS FOR SSRIs

112
Q
  1. Ask the client about suicidal ideation, because
    the drugs may take several weeks before full
    therapeutic benefit is obtained
  2. Obtain a history of any disorder of sexual
    function, because this drugs have a high
    incidence of side effects of this nature
  3. Note a history of eating disorders, because
    SSRIs commonly cause weight gain, which may
    contribute to noncompliance in clients with
    distortions and concerns about body image
A

NURSING CONDSIDERATIONS FOR SSRIs

113
Q
  1. SSRIs may take up to 5 weeks to reach their
    maximum therapeutic effectiveness
  2. Do not take any prescription, OTC drugs, or
    herbal products without notifying your health
    care provider
  3. Keep all follow-up appointments with your
    healthcare provider
  4. Report side effects, including nausea, vomiting,
    diarrhea, sexual dysfunction and fatigue
A

CLIENT HEALTH TEACHINGS FOR SSRIs

114
Q
  1. Do not drive or engage in hazardous activities
    until the drugs sedative effect is known
  2. Do not stop taking drug suddenly after long term
    use because withdrawal symptoms may occur
  3. Take most SSRIs in the morning with food to
    avoid GI upset and insomnia. Lexapro and Zoloft
    maybe taken in the morning and evening. Take
    Rameron at bedtime because it usually causes
    excessive drowsiness, especially at lower dose
  4. Exercise and restrict calorie intake to avoid
    weight gain
A

CLIENT HEALTH TEACHINGS FOR SSRIs

115
Q

It inhibits monoamine oxidase, the enzyme that
terminates the action of neurotransmitters such
as dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and
serotonin

A

MONOAMINE OXIDASE INIBITORS

116
Q

These drugs are reserved for clients who have
not responded to TCAs or SSRIs because of
their low safety margin

A

MONOAMINE OXIDASE INIBITORS

117
Q

It limits the breakdown of norepinephrine dopamine and serotonin in the CNS neurons

A

MONOAMINE OXIDASE INIBITORS (MAOIs)

118
Q

The first drugs approved to treat depression in 1950

A

MONOAMINE OXIDASE INIBITORS (MAOIs)

119
Q

 Isocarboxasid (Marplan)
 Phenelzine (Nardil)
 Tranylcypromine (Parnate)

A

Example drugs of MAOIs

120
Q

o Orthostatic hypotension, headache, insomnia,
and diarrhea – most common
o Drowsiness, insomnia, blurred vision, constipation, anorexia, dry mouth, urine retention

A

SIDE EFFECTS: TCAs

121
Q
  1. A client taking MAOIs must refrain from foods
    that contain tyramine
  2. Assess cardiovascular status, because these
    agents may affect blood pressure
  3. Phenelzine (Nardil) is contraindicated in
    cardiovascular disease, heat failure, hepatic or
    renal dysfunction and paranoid schizophrenia
  4. Obtain a CBC, because MAOIs can inhibit
    platelet function
A

NURSING CONSIDERATIONS FOR MAOIs

122
Q
  1. Assess for the possibility of pregnancy, because
    these agents are pregnancy category C and
    enters breast milk
  2. Use MAOIs with caution in epilepsy because
    they may lower the seizure threshold
  3. Take a careful drug history; common drugs that
    may interact with a MAOIs include other MAOIs,
    insulin, caffeine-containing products, other
    antidepressants, meperidine (Demerol) and
    possibly opioids and methylpoda (Aldomet).
    There must be at least 14 days interval between
    the use of MAOIs and other drugs
  4. Some clients may not achieve the full
    therapeutic benefits of MAOIs for 4 to 8 weeks
A

NURSING CONSIDERATIONS FOR MAOIs

123
Q
  1. Strictly observe dietary restriction for food
    containing tyramine
  2. Do not take any prescription, OTC drugs, or
    herbal products without notifying your healthcare
    provider
  3. Avoid caffeine
  4. Wear a medical alert bracelet identifying the
    MAOIs medication
  5. Be aware that it may take several weeks or more
    to obtain the full therapeutic effects of drugs
  6. Keep follow-up appointments with your
    healthcare provider
  7. Do not drive or engage in hazardous activities
    until the drug’s sedative effect is known
  8. It may be taken at bedtime if sedation occurs
  9. Observe for and report signs of impending
    stroke or myocardial infarction (MI)
A

CLIENT HEALTH TEACHINGS FOR MAOIs

NCM 106 (Finals) (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions