Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Drugs: molecules to man > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

dexamethasome

A

synthetic steroid, binds glucocorticoid receptors (NHR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

LSD

A

GPCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

antidepressants

A

GPCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

antipsychotics

A

dopamine receptors, GPCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

anti asthma - salbutamol/salmeterol

A

B2 adrenoceptor agonists, GPCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

progesterone

A

NHR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

oestrogen

A

NHR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

androgen

A

NHR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

verapamil (angina, high bp)

A

L type calcium channel blocker especially in heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

nifedipine (angina, high bp)

A

calcium channel blocker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

lidocaine (local anaesthetic)

A

calcium channel blocker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

GABAa

A

ligand-gated ion channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

serotonin

A

SHT3, ligand-gated ion channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ACh

A

nAChR (ligand-gated ion channel)

mAChR (GPCR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

darifenacin

A

M3 muscarinic (GPCR) competitive antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

pilocarpine

A

agonist for glaucoma at muscarinic GPCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

bethanechol

A

agonist for bladder disorders at muscarinic GPCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

atropine

A

antagonist for bradycardia at muscarinic GPCR in SAN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

scopolamine

A

antagonist for nausea at muscarinic GPCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

benzatropine

A

antagonist for movement disorder/psychosis at muscarinic GPCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

noradrenaline

A

a + b adrenoceptors (GPCR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

adrenaline

A

a + b adrenoceptors (GPCR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

isoprenaline

A

a + b adrenoceptors (GPCR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

doxazosin

A

a1 adrenoceptor antagonist, hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

phentolamine

A

a1 + 2 adrenoceptor antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

chlorpromazine

A

a1 + 2 adrenoceptor antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

butoxamine

A

b2 adrenoceptor antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

atenolol

A

b1 adrenoceptor antagonist, hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

propranolol

A

b1 + 2 adrenoceptor antagonist, hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

phenylephrine

A

a1 adrenoceptor agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

dobutamine

A

b1 adrenoceptor agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

citalopram (antidepressant)

A

binds to serotonin transporter (SERT) 50x tighter in S form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

aripiprazole

A

partial agonist at dopamine D2 GPCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

perindopril

A

ACE inhibitor (angiotensin converting enzyme)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

amlodipine (hypertension) (type of dihydropyridine)

A

L type calcium channel blocker, angina

36
Q

bendroflumethiazide (hypertension)

A

thiazide diuretic

37
Q

chlorthalidone/chlortalidone (hypertension)

A

thiazide (related) diuretic

38
Q

lisinopril (hypertension)

A

ACE inhibitor
Used to treat hypertension but also to treat cardiac failure. It acts by reducing pre- and after-load, via suppression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

39
Q

diltiazam (type of benzothiazepine)

A

L type calcium channel blocker

40
Q

-pril?

A

ACE inhibitor

41
Q

-artan?

A

ATII antagonist (angiotensin II receptor)

42
Q

-ipine?

A

calcium channel blocker

43
Q

-olol

A

b blockers

44
Q

-zosin

A

a blockers

45
Q

furosemide (frusemide)

A 
loop diuretic (strongest) heart failure, renal failure, hypertension with renal failure
Used to treat heart failure by reducing peripheral and pulmonary oedema.
46
Q

bumetanide

A

loop diuretic (strong) heart failure, renal failure, hypertension with renal failure

47
Q

spironolactone

A

potassium sparing diuretic, prevent hypokalaemia in hypertension treatment. aldosterone antagonist at mineralocorticoid receptor (NHR)

48
Q

amiloride

A

potassium sparing diuretic, prevent hypokalaemia in hypertension treatment. blocks ENaC channel directly (ion gated channel)

49
Q

angiotensin II

A

GPCR

50
Q

aliskerin

A

renin inhibitor, treat hypertension

51
Q

bisoprolol

A

b1 most selectove b adrenoceptor antagonist

licensed to treat heart failure

52
Q

statins

A

hyperlipidaemia and unstable angina, type of organic nitrate

53
Q

ezetimibe

A

hyperlipidaemia, inhibits cholesterol transporter in gut

54
Q

atorvastatin

A

type of statin, competitively inhibits HMG-CoA reductase to reduce cholesterol, and prevent further thrombosis as an anti-platelet drug

55
Q

fibrates

A

agonists at NHR for hyperlipidaemia

56
Q

nicotinic acids (vit B5)

A

hyperlipidaemia GPCR

57
Q

olestra

A

fat substitute, bad

58
Q

short acting nitrate

A

step one NICE care pathways for short term unstable angina relief by reducing cardiac load

59
Q

aspirin

A

type of organic nitrate, anti platelet drug so prevents further thrombosis
via irriversible inhibition of cyclooxygenase in plateletscl

60
Q

prodrug

A

must be metabolised to be used

61
Q

long acting nitrates

A

nitrous oxide as active principle

62
Q

nicorandil

A

angina, partially an organic nitrate (???) activates potassium channels

63
Q

TPA

A

dissolves blood clots to treat stroke if administered within 6-8 hours

64
Q

IL-1Ra

A

competitive selective antagonist of IL-1 (interleukin 1) to reduce brain injury from stroke

65
Q

ticagrelor

A

antiplatelet drug prevents further thrombosis via allosterically reversibly inhibiting ADP receptor

66
Q

heparins (clotting)

A 
sulphated mucopolysaccharides, very -ve.
standard (high molecular weight)
inhibits thrombin(directly), Xa and IXa (indirectly) with antithrombin III
LMW
increases ATIII affinity for Xa
67
Q

fondaparinux(enoxaparin)

A

synthetic LMW heparin

68
Q

warfarin (clotting)

A

rat poison

competitive antagonist of vitK reductase

69
Q

dabigatran (clotting)

A

directly inhibits thrombin

70
Q

rivaroxaban (clotting)

A

directly inhibits factor Xa

71
Q

cyclooxygenase

A

synthesis of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 for no clotting and clotting respectively

72
Q

prostacyclin (PGI2)

A

increases cAMP so stops platelet aggregation

73
Q

thromboxane A2 (TxA2)

A

released from platelets to cause expression of glycoprotein receptors which bind fibrinogen

74
Q

clopidogrel (clotting)

A

inhibits glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors irriversibly

75
Q

dipyridamole (clotting)

A

PDE3 inhibitor (phosphodiesterase) prevents breakdown of cAMP

76
Q

fibrinolytics/thrombolytic drugs

A

clot busters - help formation of plasmin to degrade fibrin

4.5 hour treatment window

77
Q

reteplase

A

mutated (for stability) version of tissue plasminogen activator analogue (thrombolytic drug)

78
Q

alteplase

A

tissue plasminogen activator analogue (thrombolytic drug)

79
Q

streptokinase

A

thrombolytic drug not often used in UK/US

80
Q

isosorbide dinitrate

A

An organic nitrate with a similar mechanism to GTN. Used to treat heart failure in combination with hydralazine. Can be swallowed and has a longer duration of action, but tolerance can develop. The isosorbide dinitrate/hydralazine combination works best in black patients

81
Q

captopril

A

An ACE inhibitor. Used to treat hypertension but also to treat cardiac failure. It acts by reducing pre- and after-load, via suppression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

82
Q

carvedilol

A

A beta blocker that also has actions at alpha adrenoceptors. Has been shown to be of benefit in heart failure (improves patients’ quality of life and increases their survival time).

83
Q

metoprolol

A

A beta 1 receptor blocker. Has been shown to be of benefit in heart failure (improves patients’ quality of life and increases their survival time).

84
Q

digoxin

A

A cardiac glycoside from foxglove plants. Inhibits the sodium pump by competing with potassium. Increases cardiac output without increasing oxygen consumption. Has a very narrow therapeutic window.

85
Q

sacubitril

A

An inhibitor of neprilysin. Blocks the breakdown of cardiac natriuretic peptides, which oppose the actions of the renin-angiotensin, aldosterone system. Used in combination with valsartan (angiotensin receptor blocker) in heart failure.

86
Q

ivabradine

A

Inhibits the pacemaker current in the sinoatrial node, slowing the heart. Used as an adjuvant in moderate to severe heart failure.

Drugs: molecules to man (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions