Drugs Flashcards
Abilify (aripipprazole)
Availability: oral
MOA: antipsychotic
Indication and dosage: schizophrenia, depression
Ocular SE: THINK cholinergic antagonist type (dry, mydriasis, inc. IOP)
Other Important SE: –
Misc: –
Accolate (zafirlukast)
Availability: oral
MOA: anti-inflammatory
Indication and dosage: asthma ?
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
Misc:
Accupril (quinapril)
Availability: Oral
MOA: ACE inhibitor
Indication and dosage: HTN, heart failure,
Ocular SE:
Important SE: Cough, hypersensitivity reaction,
angiodema
C/I
Misc:
Achromycin (tetracycline)
Availability: oral and ointment
MOA: 30s subunit protein synthesis inhibitor
gram negative
Indication and dosage: (broad spectrum) acne and skin infections
- rosacea, acne vulgaris, RCE
- first line in less common infections: lyme, chlamydia, rickettsia, mycoplasma pneumoniae
Ocular SE: PTC, pigmentation
Important SE: bone growth retardation, discoloration of teeth, SJS, reduces efficacy of contraceptives
C/I: pregnant women and children
Misc: category D, bacteriostatic, take on empty stomach
Aciphex (rabeprazole)
Availability: oral
MOA: proton pump inhibitor
Indication and dosage: heart burn, GERD, stomach ulcers
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc: commonly RX with NSAIDS due to NSAID SE of gastritis, ulceration, and loss of blood
Actos (pioglitazone)
Availability: oral
MOA: thiazolidinedione to combat insulin resistance
Indication and dosage: DM2
Ocular SE: macular edema (or worsening)
Important SE: hypoglycemia, edema, heart failure
C/I:
Misc:
acular (ketorolac)
acuvail (ketorolac)
Availability: topical
MOA: NSAID -> inhibits COX1/COX2 pathway
Indication and dosage: Post cataract sx inflammation (QID), RCE (QID), corneal abrasion(qid), allergic conjunctivitis (qid)
Off label: GPC, VKC
Ocular SE: corneal toxicity, corneal melting, stinging
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
advair (fluticasone propionate)
Availability: inhaler?
MOA: Bronchodilator corticosteroid (blocks arachidonic acid pathway)
Indication and dosage:allergic rhinitis, adrenal insufficiency
Ocular SE: increase IOP? cataracts
Important SE: weight gain, increase BP, osteoporosis, HTN, peptic ulcer, chronic infection, diabetes
C/I: pregnancy?
Misc:
advil (ibuprofen)
Availability: oral
MOA: NSAID inhibits cox1/cox2 pathway, antipyresis, anti-inflammatory effects, analgesia
Indication and dosage: anterior uveitis (up to 2000 mg)
Ocular SE: can exacerbate bleeding in the eye
Important SE: GI effects (bleeding, ulcers), anti platelet effects, cardiovascular events like myocardial infarction and stroke
C/I:
Misc: safe in kids, can be used in children > 6months
AeroBid (flunisolide)
Availability: inhaler
MOA: Steroid, blocks phospholipase A2
Indication and dosage: asthma attacks
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
Afrin (oxymetazoline)
Availability: nasal spray, topical
MOA: selective alpha 1 adrenergic agonist; topical decongestant
Indication and dosage: relieve hyperemia and chemises
Ocular SE: stinging burning?
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
aggrenox (aspirin and dipyridamole)
Availability: oral
MOA: Irreversible Cox1/Cox2 inhibitor, antipyresis, antiinflammatory effects, analgesia AND anticoagulant (inhibits adenosine deaminase and phosphodiesterase) or platelet aggregation inhibitor
Indication and dosage:
Ocular SE: increase blood complications in the eye
Important SE: bleeding
C/I: GI effects, antiplatelet effects
Misc: can reduce risk of recurrent heart attack?
Alamast (pemirolast)
Availability: topical ophthalmic
MOA: mast cell stabilizer
Indication and dosage: VKC (QID), allergic conjunctivitis(QID), GPC(QID)
Ocular SE: transient ocular stinging, conj injection, itchy eyes, styes, dryness
Important SE: hwSxhwa
C/I:
Misc:
Alaway (ketotifen)
Availability: topical ophthalmic
MOA: COMBO antihistamine, mast cell stabilizer
Indication and dosage: BID allergic conjunctivitis
Ocular SE: transient ocular stinging, conjunctivitis
Important SE: headaches
C/I:
Misc:
aldactone (spironolactone)
Availability: oral
MOA: K sparing diuretic at late DCT and collecting duct
Indication and dosage: hypertension
Ocular SE: dry eye
Important SE: hyperkalemia, gynecomastia, antiandrogen effects
C/I:
Misc:
Aleve (naproxen sodium)
Availability: oral
MOA: NSAID blocks cox1/cox2 pathway, analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory
Indication and dosage: fever and pain
Ocular SE: bleeding complication in the eye
Important SE: GI effects, anti platelet effects, fatal myocardial infarction, stroke
C/I:
Misc:
allegra (fexofenadine)
allegra-D (fexofenadine-pseudephedrine)
Availability: oral
MOA: antihistamine 2nd gen
Indication and dosage: allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria (hives)
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
alluvia (lopinavir)
Availability: oral
MOA: antiviral
Indication and dosage: HIV
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
alocril (nedocromil)
Availability: topical
MOA: mast cell stabilizer, anti-inflammatory
Indication and dosage: allergic conjunctivitis (BID), vernal keratockonjuncitivis(BID), GPC
Ocular SE: transient ocular stinging
Important SE: unpleasant taste, headaches
C/I:
Misc:
alomide (lodoxamide)
Availability: topical
MOA: mast cell stabilizer
Indication and dosage: allergic conjunctivitis off label(QID), vernal keratoconjunctivitis (QID), GPC (QID)
Ocular SE: transient ocular stinging
Important SE: unpleasant taste, headaches
C/I:
Misc:
Alphagan P (brimonidine)
Availability: ophthalmic topical
MOA: alpha 2 agonist, reduces aqueous production and increase uveoscleral outflow
-Reduces IOP by 25%
Indication and dosage: POAG (BID/TID), OHTN
Ocular SE: hyperemia, burning, stingng, blurring, FBS, toxic folicular conjunctivitis, pruritis, dry eye
Important SE: oral dyness, headaches
C/I: MAOI, severe CV disease, history of vasovagal syncope, children < 2yo
Misc: purple cap, NEUROPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES
Preg category B
Preservative PURITE!
Alrex (loteprednol 0.2%)
Availability: topical ophthalmic, suspension
MOA: soft steroid, blocks arachidonic acid pathway (inhibits phospholipase A2), immunosppressive (decrease inflammatory mediators, decrease capillary permeability)
Indication and dosage: allergic conjunctivitis
Ocular SE: LESS likely to cause IOP spike
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc: Pink cap
Ambien (zolpidem)
Availability: oral
MOA: sedative
Indication and dosage:
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
Amicar (aminocaproic acid)
Availability: oral, IV
MOA: Clotting promoter, treats excessive bleeding
Indication and dosage:
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
amoxil (amoxicillin)
Availability: oral
MOA: Penicillin, inhibits transpeptidase (cell wall inhibitor)
Indication and dosage: gram + infections, chlamydial infections (500 mg TID for 7 days)
-AUGMENTIN: dacryocystitis, preseptal cellulitis, orbital cellulitis (lid infections)
Ocular SE: hypersensitivity, contact dermatitis, SJS, superinfection
Important SE:
C/I: not resistant to penicillinase
Misc: clauvulonic acid + amoxicillin = AUGMENTIN
pregnancy category B
amphocin (amphotericin B)
Availability: topical, IV (must be compounded)
MOA: antifungal, forms pores in ergosterol cell membrane
Indication and dosage: fungal keratitis (topical q1h)
Ocular SE:
Important SE: Nephrotoxicity, impaired renal function
C/I:
Misc:
anectine (succinylcholine)
Availability:
MOA: paralytic, relaxing muscles
Indication and dosage:
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I: physostigmine
Misc: effects can be increased with anesthetics
ansaid (flurbiprofen)
Availability: oral
MOA: NSAID, blocks cox1/cox2 pathways, antipyretic
Indication and dosage: post-op cataract sx, RCE, corneal abrasions
Ocular SE: corneal toxicity, corneal melting, stinging
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
antivert (meclizine)
Availability: oral
MOA: antihistamine
Indication and dosage: motion sickness, nausea, vomiting
Ocular SE: cholinergic antagonist type problems, dryness
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
apresoline (hydralazine)
Availability: oral
MOA: vasodilator; increase cGMP = smooth muscle relaxation
Indication and dosage: HTN
Ocular SE: conjunctivitis, lacrimation
Important SE: compensatory tachycardia, fluid retention, lupus-like syndrome
C/I:
Misc:
aralen (chloroquine)
Availability: oral
MOA: antiparasitic; increases hemes, inhibits phospholipase a2
Indication and dosage: malaria, RA, Lupus
Ocular SE: whorl k (mr fabry whorls his chai T), bulls eye maculopathy (some people can’t handle the bull), toxic optic neuropathy, glare/haloes
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc: 200 mg for < 130 lbs ; 400 mg for > 130 lbs
SE Risks increase as with age, treatment duration, dosage, kidney/liver disease, concomitant retinal disease
elevated ALT/AST
aricept (donepezil)
Availability: oral
MOA: cholinergic direct agonist
Indication and dosage: alzheimers and dementia
Ocular SE: cataracts, blurred vision, eye irritation
Important SE: cholinergic activity
C/I:
Misc:
aristocort (triamcinolone)
Availability: cream, IV
MOA: corticosteroids blocks phospholipase A2
Indication and dosage: injection for diffuse DM CME, grave’s orbitopathy, posterior uveitis, chalazion removal, Irvine gass syndrome
Ocular SE: cataracts, increase IOP
Important SE: weight gain, increase blood pressure, osteoporosis, HTN, peptic ulcer, chronic infection, diabetes
C/I: pregnancy
Misc:
atarax (hydroxyzine)
Availability: oral
MOA: antihisamine
Indication and dosage: anxiety, nausea, vomiting, allergies, rash hives,
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
ativan (lorazepam)
Availability: oral
MOA: sedative
Indication and dosage: seizures
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
atripla (efavirenz, emtricitabine, tenofovin)
Availability: oral
MOA: antiviral
Indication and dosage: HIV antiviral
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
atrovent (ipratropium)
Availability: inhaler
MOA: bronchodilator inhaler, cholinergic antagonist
Indication and dosage: COPD
Ocular SE:
Important SE: adrenergic like effects
C/I: NOT TO BE USED WITH other cholinergic antagonists
Misc: category X
augmentin (amoxicillin-clavulonic acid)
Availability: oral
MOA: gram + and gram - penicillin (inhibits transpeptidase)
Indication and dosage: dacryocystis(500 mg TID 10 days), preseptal cellulitis, orbital cellulitis (250-500 mig TID)(lid infections)
Ocular SE: contact dermatitis, hypersensitivity type 1
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc: pregnancy category B
avagard (chlorhexidine gluconate and ethyl alcohol)
antiseptic
chlorhexidine preservative causes hypersensitivity, redness, burning, conj injection, diffuse spk
ocular SE: follicular toxic conjunctivitis
avandia (rosiglitazone)
Availability: oral tablets
MOA: thiazolidinedione; combats insluin resistance
Indication and dosage: DM2
Ocular SE: can exacerbate macular edema
Important SE: hypoglycemia, edema, heart failure
C/I:
Misc:
Avastin (bevacizumab)
Availability: injections IV
MOA: Anti VEGF injections
Indication and dosage: macular edema, ARMD edema
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
Azasan (azathioprine)
Availability: oral tablet
MOA: immunsupressive, chemotherapeutic
Indication and dosage: rheumatoid arthritis
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
Azasite (azithromycin)
Availability: topical, ORAL (NOT AZASITE)
MOA: macrolide, 50s protein synthesis inhibitor
Indication and dosage: gram + infections, bacterial lid/conj infection, MGD (BID 2 days, QD 12 days), blepharitis (BID 2 days, QD 12 days), toxo (oral), gonococcal (oral 1 gram)
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc: pregnancy category B; take on empty stomach
avodart (dutasteride)
Availability: oral
MOA:
Indication and dosage: enlarged prostate, hairloss?
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
Azopt (brinzolamide)
Availability: topical ophthalmic
MOA: carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, blocks bicarb so decreases aqueous production!
-decreases nocturnal flow rate by 25%
Indication and dosage: POAG (bid/tid), OHTN (bid/tid)
-decrease IOP by 22-26%
Ocular SE: stinging, burning, hyperemia, corneal endotheium change
Important SE: metallic taste, headaches
C/I: sulfa allergic patients, renal impaired patients
-pregnancy category C
Misc: orange , shake suspensions
-simbrinza = 1% brinzolamide + 0.2 brimonidine
bactrim (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole)
bactrim DS
Availability: oral, topical (polytrim)
MOA: inhibits folate synthesis by dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors
-broad spectrum (better with gram +)
Indication and dosage: dacryocystitis (BID double strength 10 days), orbital cellulitits (double strength qd)
Ocular SE:
Important SE: bone marrow suppression (aplastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia)
C/I: prengancy
Misc: Bactrim + polylmixin b = polytrim
- effective against MRSA (BCD)
- bacteriostatic
- works in synergy with sulfonamides
baquacil (polyhexamethylene biguanide)
algae defense and pool sanitizer
maybe deciding if acid or basic??
beconase AQ (beclomethasone)
Availability: nasal spray
MOA: steroid blocks phospholipase A2, bronchodilation
Indication and dosage: asthma
Ocular SE: cataracts, steroid IOP response
Important SE: weight gain? vasoconstriction/HTN
C/I:
Misc:
benadryl (diphenhydramine)
Availability: oral
MOA: 1st gen antihistamine, h1 blocker with CNS penetration
Indication and dosage: type 1 hypersensitivity
Ocular SE:
Important SE: sedation, , adrenergic like effects/anticholinergic effects
C/I:
Misc: crosses BBB
bepreve (bepotastine besilate)
Availability: topical
MOA: COMBO mast cell stablizer/2nd gen antihistamine
Indication and dosage: allergic conjunctivitis (bid), atopic keratoconjunctivitis (BID), GPC (BID)
Ocular SE: transient ocular stinging,
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
besivance (besifloxacin)
Availability: topical ophthalmic
MOA: fluoroquinolone 4th gen – inihibits dna synthesis by inhibiting DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV
- gram- and gram+ coverage
Indication and dosage: severe bacterial conjunctivitis(q1h), CL related ulcers, corneal abrasions,
Ocular SE:
Important SE: tendonitis (ORAL only)
C/I: (ORAL only) pregnant, adolescents < 18 YO
Misc: beige cap
-approved for patients >1 yo
betadine (povidone-iodine)
Availability: topical solution
MOA:
Indication and dosage: EKC removal of pseudomembrane?
Ocular SE: burning, stinging, irritation
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
betagan (levobunolol)
Availability: topical ophthalmic
MOA: nonselective beta blocker, inhibits NaCl passage so decreases aqueous production
- equal efficacy on 0.25% and 0.5%
- 25% iop reduction
Indication and dosage: POAG (qAM or bid)
Ocular SE:
Important SE: cholinergic like effects,
C/I: COPD, asthma, CHF, heart/AV block, bradycardia
pregnancy category C
Misc: yellow cap
NO LONGER USED
betasept (chlorhexidine topical)
antiseptic surgical scrub
chlorhexidine preservative causes hypersensitivity, redness, burning, conj injection, diffuse spk
ocular SE: follicular toxic conjunctivitis
betaseron (interferon beta-1b)
Availability: injection
MOA: immunosuppresive
Indication and dosage: MS, Lupus
Ocular SE: interferon retinopathy! CWS
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc: used in combo with ribavirin for Hep C tx
betimol (timolol)
Availability: topical ophthalmic
MOA: beta blocker, inhibits NaCl to push water through BAB; decreases aqueous production
- 25% IOP reduction
- equal efficacy in 0.25% or 0.50%
Indication and dosage: POAG (qAM/BID),
Ocular SE: allergic conjucntivitis, burning irritation, dry eye, corneal hypoesthesia, lacrimation, spk
Important SE: cholinergic like effects, exacerbates asthma, skin rash, syncope, type 4 hypersensitivity reaction, contact dermatitis
C/I: COPD, asthma, heart/av block, bradycardia, CHF, hx of myocardial infarct or heart failure, thyroid, narrow angles
Misc: pregnancy category C
- Cosopt = timolol + dorzolamide
- Combigan = timolol + brimonidine
betoptic S (betaxolol)
Availability: topical ophthalmic, tablets
MOA: beta blocker, beta 1 selective, reduces lung effects
Indication and dosage: POAG (qAM/BID)
- not as effective
Ocular SE: allergic conjucntivitis, less burning irritation, dry eye, corneal hypoesthesia, lacrimation, spk
Important SE: cholinergic like effects, exacerbates asthma, skin rash, syncope, type 4 hypersensitivity reaction, contact dermatitis
C/I: heart/av block, CHF, hx of myocardial infarct or heart failure, thyroid, narrow angles
-safer with respiratory disease patients
Misc: pregnancy category C
- questionable neuroprotective effects
biopatch (chlorhexidine topical)
antiseptic patch
chlorhexidine preservative causes hypersensitivity, redness, burning, conj injection, diffuse spk
ocular SE: follicular toxic conjunctivitis
blephamide (sulfacetamide-prenidsolone)
Availability: topical combo, ung combo
MOA: sulfa drug + steroid
-broad spectrum but widespread resistance
Indication and dosage: blepharitis
Ocular SE: burning, irritation, iop spike, sulfa SE, Steroid SE, PSC
Important SE: sulfa SE and steroid SE
C/I: sulfa allergy
Misc: shake that suspension
botox (onabotulinum toxin A)
Availability: injection
MOA:
Indication and dosage: benign essential blepharospasm, EOM strab surgery
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
brolene (propamidine isethionate)
Availability: topical ophthalmic
MOA: anti-parasitic
Indication and dosage: acanthomeba (q1h)
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
bromday (bromfenac)
Availability: topical ophthalmic
MOA: anti-inflammatory blocks cox1/cox2 NSAID
Indication and dosage: post cx sx (qd), RCE (QD), corneal abrasions (QD)
Ocular SE: delay corneal reepitheliazation, corneal toxicity, corneal melting
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
calamine (zinc oxide and iron oxide)
lotion for skin irritation
calan (verapamil)
Availability: tablet, IV
MOA: antihypertesnive calcium channel blocker = decrease peripheral vascular resistance
Indication and dosage: htn
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I: patients taking this + timolol are higher risk for bradycardia/heart failure
Misc:
calgon vesta (chlorhexidine topical)
antiseptic
chlorhexidine preservative causes hypersensitivity, redness, burning, conj injection, diffuse spk
ocular SE: follicular toxic conjunctivitis
capoten (captopril)
Availability: oral
MOA: ace inhibitor
Indication and dosage: hypertension, CHF
Ocular SE:
Important SE: cough, hypersensitivity reaction, angioedma
C/I:
Misc:
carafate (sucralfate)
Availability: tablet, oral
MOA: antacid
Indication and dosage: ulcer treatment
carbocaine (mepivacaine HCl injection)
Availability: injection
MOA: anesthetic
Indication and dosage:
Ocular SE: corneal melting if on corneal? hypersensitivty rxn
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc: pregnancy category C
cardizem (diltiazem hydrochloride)
Availability:
MOA: antihypertesnive calcium channel blocker
Indication and dosage: hypertension and chest pain
-direct cardiac effects
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc: risk for bradycardia/heart failure with timolol
cardura (doxazosin)
Availability: oral tablet
MOA: alpha 2 agonist; antihypertension and urinary retnetion
Indication and dosage: htn, benign prostatic hypertrophy
Ocular SE: intraoperative floppy iris syndrome
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
catapres (clonidine)
Availability: oral tablet
MOA: antihypertensive alpha 2 agonist; decrease vascular resistance and decrease heart rate
Indication and dosage: htn, ADHD
Ocular SE: decrease IOP
Important SE: dry mouth, sedation, impotence, severe rebound HTN
C/I:
Misc: adrenergic off switch
ceftin (cefuoxime)
Availability: IV, oral tablet
MOA: cepholasporins - block transpeptidase
-2nd gen cephalopsorin
Indication and dosage: bacterial infections
Ocular SE: hypersensitivity type 1 rxn, SJS, contact dermatitis
Important SE:
C/I: use with warfarin (blood thinning)
Misc: bactericidal
pregnancy category B
celebrex (celecoxib)
Availability: oral
MOA: NSAID cox2 selective
Indication and dosage:
Ocular SE: reversible conjunctivtis, blurry vision, SJS
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
celexa (citalopram hydrobromide)
Availability: oral
MOA: SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
Indication and dosage: depression
Ocular SE: anti cholinergic effects?
Important SE: serotonin syndrome
C/I:
Misc:
celluvisc (carboxymethylcellulose)
Availability: lubricant gel
MOA:
Indication and dosage: dry eye (qhs)
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
chloraprep one-step (chlorhexidine topical)
antiseptic
chlorhexidine preservative causes hypersensitivity, redness, burning, conj injection, diffuse spk
ocular SE: follicular toxic conjunctivitis
chlor-trimeton (chlorpheniramine)
Availability: tablet oral
MOA: 1st gen antihistamine
Indication and dosage:
Ocular SE:
Important SE: adrenergic agonist effects, sedation
C/I:
Misc: crosses BBB
cialis (tadalafil)
Availability: tablet
MOA: PDE inhibitors
Indication and dosage: boner pills, BPH
Ocular SE: color defects, NAION (maybe), photosensitivity, blurred vision
Important SE: flushing, HA
C/I:
Misc:
ciloxan (ciprofloxacin )
cipro (ciprofloxacin)
Availability: topical ophthalmic, oral tablet
MOA: fluorquinolone (2nd gen) -> inhibits DNA topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase
-gram neg coverage
Indication and dosage: CL related ulcers, corneal abrasions
Ocular SE:
Important SE: tendonitis (oral)
C/I: pregnant, adolescents < 18 (oral)
Misc:
clarinex (desloratadine)
Availability: tablet oral
MOA: antihistamine 2nd gen
Indication and dosage: allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
claritin (loratadine)
claritin-D (pseudoephedrine)
Availability: tablet oral
MOA: antihistamine 2nd gen + decogestant
-pseudoephedrine: beta adrenergic agonist
Indication and dosage: allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria
Ocular SE: diplopia, blurred vision (in claritin D0
Important SE: sedation
C/I:
Misc:
cleocin (clindamycin)
Availability: cream
MOA: macrolide! 50s protein synthesis inhibitor
Indication and dosage: vaginal cream
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I: children and pregnants
Misc: effective against MRSA
cliradex (tea tree oil)
Availability: topical wipes
MOA:
Indication and dosage: blepharitis
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
combigan (brimonidine-timolol)
Availability: topical ophthalmic
MOA: alpha 2 agonist + beta blocker
Indication and dosage: POAG (bid)
Ocular SE: dry eye, pruritis
Important SE: Cholinergic type effects
C/I: caution with asthma, COPD, mao inhibitors, severe CV disease,
Misc: pregnancy category C
-blue cap
combivent resplimat (ipratropium bromide-albuterol)
Availability: inhaler spray
MOA: COMBO
Indication and dosage: COPD
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
compazine (prochlorperazine)
compro (prochlorperazine)
Availability: oral tablet
MOA: antipsychotic, dopa-antagonist
Indication and dosage: anxiety or schizophrenia
Ocular SE: dry eye, mydriasis, increase IOP, K endothelial pigmentation, RPE hyperpigmentation, oculogyric crisis, K pigmentation, anterior stellate cataracts
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
cordarone (amiodarone)
Availability: oral, injection
MOA: arrhythmia; blocks K channels
Indication and dosage:
Ocular SE: whorl K, NAION, anterior subcapsular lens deposits
Important SE: fatal pulmonary/heptaic toxicity, thyroid dysfunction
C/I:
Misc:
coreg (carvedilol)
Availability: oral
MOA: beta blocker
Indication and dosage: HTN
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I: COPD, asthma, CHF, heart/av block, bradycardia
Misc: pregnancy category C
cortef (hydrocortisone)
Availability: oral tablet, injection?
MOA: corticosteroid; cox 1/cox2 pathway inhibitor
Indication and dosage: adrenal insufficiency, allergic rhinitis, autimmune/inflammatory condition
Ocular SE: cataracts, steroid response
Important SE: weight gain, increase blood pressure, osteoporosis, HTN, peptic ulcer, chronic infction, DM
C/I: pregnancy
Misc:
cosopt (dorzolamide - timolol)
Availability:
MOA: CAI + beta blocker
Indication and dosage: POAG (bid)
Ocular SE: stinging, burning, hyperemia, endothelium changes
Important SE: metallic taste, cholinergic like effects
C/I: sulfa allergy, COPD, asthma, CHF
Misc:prenancy category C
coumadin (warfarin)
Availability: oral
MOA: blood thinner, vitamin k antagonist
Indication and dosage: increase blood flow? break clots?
Ocular SE: injection
Important SE: bleeding
C/I: pregnancy, skin necrosis
Misc: needs to be discontinued 96 hours before cataract surgery (4 doses)
-interacts with sulfa drugs
cozaar (losartan)
Availability: oral tablet
MOA: arb, angiotensin 2 receptor blocker
Indication and dosage: hypertension
Ocular SE:
Important SE: NO COUGH?
C/I:
Misc:
crestor (rosuvastatin)
Availability: oral tablet
MOA: HMG CoA reductase inhibitors = decrease LDL/triglycerides, increase HDL
Indication and dosage: hyperlipidemia
Ocular SE: myopathy
Important SE: hepatoxicity,
-elevated ALT/AST
C/I: pregnancy/nursing
Misc:
crolom (cromolyn sodium)
Availability: topical ophthalmic
MOA: mast cell stabilizer
Indication and dosage: allergic conjunctivitis (qid), vernal keratoconjunctivitis, GPC (off label use)
Ocular SE: transient ocular stinging, conjunctival injection, water/itchy eyes, styes, dryness
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc: relief can take up to 6 weeks
cuprimine (penicillamine)
Availability: oral
MOA: immunosupressive chelating agent
Indication and dosage: Wilson’s disease
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
cyclogyl (cyclopentolate)
Availability: topical ophthalmic
MOA: cholinergic antagonist -> mydriasis 1 day, cycloplegia 6 hours
Indication and dosage: dilation, corneal laceration, uveitis
Ocular SE: mydriasis, keratitis, conjunctival hyperemia, increase IOP
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc: red cap
-fastest onset, shortest duration cyclo
cymbalta (duloxetine hydrochloride)
Availability: oral tablet
MOA: antidepressant
Indication and dosage: depresion, anxiety
Ocular SE: anticholinergic type effects
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
cytotec (misoprostol)
Availability:
MOA: hormone and nsaid PGA (protect stomach)
Indication and dosage: stomach ulcer
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
cytovene (ganciclovir)
Availability: oral tablet, iv injection
MOA: antiviral
Indication and dosage: CMV retinitis, HSV keratitis (5x)
Ocular SE: granulocytopenia,
Important SE: granulocytopenia, anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia
C/I:
Misc:
danocrine (danazol)
Availability:
MOA: testosterone hormone
Indication and dosage: endometriosis, fibrocystic breast diseases, and hereditary angioedma
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
daranide (dichlorphenamide)
Availability: oral tablet
MOA: sulfonamide and CAI
Indication and dosage: acute glaucoma, adjunctive for primary and secondary glaucoma (200 mg/24 hours so 25 mg BID/qid)
Ocular SE: SJS, burning stinging
Important SE: metallic taste, bone marrow suppression, malaise fatigue weight loss
C/I: sulfa allergy, pregnancy, diabetics
Misc:
daraprim (pyrimethamine)
Availability: tablet oral
MOA: antiparasite, dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors
-bacteriostatic
Indication and dosage: toxoplasmosis (75mg loading then 25 mg qd for weeks + sulfadi)
Ocular SE:
Important SE: bone marrow suppression
C/I: pregnancy
Misc:
darvocet (propoxyphene-aspirin)
darvon (propoxyphene)
Availability: oral tablet
MOA: analgesic opioid + irreversible cox1/cox2 inhibitor/antiinflammatory
Indication and dosage:
Ocular SE: can increase bleeding complications in the eye
Important SE: reye’s syndrome : rapid, prorressive encephalopathy
C/I:
Misc:
demerol (meperidine)
Availability:
MOA: opioid narctoic for pain
Indication and dosage:
Ocular SE: mydriasis, lacrimation
Important SE: addiction, anxiety, rhinorrhea, sweating, tremor, nausea/vomiting
C/I:
Misc:
depakote (divalproex)
Availability:
MOA: anticonvulsant
Indication and dosage: migraine headaches
Ocular SE: nystagmus, diplopia, blurred vision
Important SE: nausea, vomiting, weakness, upset stomach
C/I:
Misc:
depo-provera (medroxyprogesterone)
Availability: injection
MOA: progestogen hormone
Indication and dosage:
Ocular SE: proptosis, dry eye, diplopia
Important SE: think hormone problems, nausea, heaadache, chest pain
C/I:
Misc:
detrol (tolterodine tartrate) detrol LA (tolterodine tarte extended release)
Availability: tablet oral,
MOA: bladder relaxant
Indication and dosage:
Ocular SE: dry eyes, blurred vision
Important SE: dry mouth
C/I:
Misc:
dexedrine (dextroamphetamine)
Availability: oral
MOA: DOPA adrenergic agonist
Indication and dosage: ADHD
Ocular SE: mydriasis, dry eye, acute angle closure
Important SE:
C/I: glaucoma
Misc:
dexilant (dexlansoprazole)
Availability: oral
MOA: proton pump inhibitor
Indication and dosage: GERD heart burn
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
diabeta (glyburide)
Availability: oral tablet
MOA: increase secretion of insluin (beta cells), decrease glucagon release
Indication and dosage: DM2
Ocular SE: blurred vision
Important SE: hypoglycemia
C/I: sulfa allergy, beta blockers
Misc:
diabinese (chlorpropamide)
Availability: tablet oral
MOA: sulfonurea increase secretion of insulin, increase sensitivity to insulin
Indication and dosage: DM insipedus
Ocular SE: blurred vision
Important SE: hypoglycemia
C/I: sulfa allergy, beta blockers
Misc:
diamox (acetazolamide) diamox sequels (acetazolamide XR)
Availability: tablet oral
MOA: carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, diuretic
Indication and dosage: weight loss, PTC, POAG, 2nd open angle glaucoma, acute angle closure glaucoma, uveitis with 360 PS (2x250mg ), intraocular tumor, ICE syndrome, CRAO
Ocular SE: transient myopia,
Important SE: metallic taste, malaise, fatigue, weight loss, metabolic acidosis, hhypokalemia, diarrhea, depression, gastric upset, aplastic anemia, abnormal kidney function/liver function
C/I: sulfa allergy, glaucoma with PAS, hx of renal or liver disease, sickle cell anemia
-pregnancy category C
Misc:
diflucan (fluconazole)
Availability: tablet oral, topical, subconjunctival injection
MOA: ergosterol synthesis
Indication and dosage: endolphamitis
Ocular SE:
Important SE: hepatoxicity
C/I:
Misc:
dilatin (phenytoin)
Availability: oral, injection
MOA: anticonvulsants
Indication and dosage:
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
dimetane (brompheniramine)
also DIMETAPP
Availability: tablet oral
MOA: 1st gen antihistamine; h1 block with CNS penetraction
Indication and dosage: allergies
Ocular SE: anticholinergic effects, mydriasis, dry eyes,
Important SE: sedation, dry mouth, tachycardia
C/I:
Misc:
diovan (valsartan)
Availability: oral tablet
MOA: ARB (ang II receptor blocker)
Indication and dosage: hypertension
Ocular SE: blurred vision, pain
Important SE: no cough
C/I:
Misc:
dispermox (amoxicillin)
Availability: oral tablet
MOA: inhibits transpeptidase; penicillin fam
-gram+ coverage
Indication and dosage: dacryocystitis, preseptal, orbital cellulitis, chamydial (500 mg TID 7 days)
Ocular SE: hypersensitivity 1 rxn, contact dermatitis, SJS
Important SE:
C/I:
-pregnancy category B
Misc: not resistant to penicillianse
diuril (chlorothiazide)
Availability: tablet oral
MOA: thiazide diuretics on DCT to inhibit NaCl reabsorption
Indication and dosage: hypertension
Ocular SE: acute transient myopia, acute angle closure glaucoma, dry eye
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
doryx (doxycycline)
Availability: oral tablet
MOA: tetracycline 30s protein inhibitor
Indication and dosage: acne rosacea (100 mg bid taper), MGD, bleph , lid infections, lyme disease, chlamydia(100 mg BID 7 days), rickettsia, mycoplasma pneumoniae, RCE, toxic conjunctivitis
-broad spectrum
Ocular SE: PTC, pigmentation
Important SE: bone growth retardation, discoloration of teeth, increased yeast infection
C/I: pregnant and nursing, children
-pregnant category D
Misc: effective against MRSA, take with food
dulcolax (docusate sodium)
Availability: tablet oral
MOA: stool softener
Indication and dosage:
Ocular SE:
Important SE: diarrhea or cramping
C/I:
Misc:
duranest- MPF (etidocaine)
Availability: injection
MOA: anesthetic
Indication and dosage:
Ocular SE: blurred vision, diplopia, CNS problems
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
durezol (difluprednate)
Availability: topical ophthalmic
MOA: steroid inhibits phospholipase A2, anti inflammatory, immunosupessive
Indication and dosage: uveitis (q4h), DLK (q2h)
Ocular SE: steroid responders, psc cataracts, glacuoma, increase 2ndary infection
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc: pink cap
dyanzide (HTCH- triamterene)
Availability: oral tablet
MOA: diuretic on DCT to inhibit NaCl reabsorption
Indication and dosage: antihypertension
Ocular SE: acute transient myopia, acute angle closure glaucoma, dry eye
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
dynacin (minocycline)
Availability: oral tablet
MOA: tetracycline, 30s subunit protein
Indication and dosage: acne rosacea (100 mg bid taper), MGD, bleph , lid infections, lyme disease, chlamydia(100 mg BID 7 days), rickettsia, mycoplasma pneumoniae, RCE, toxic conjunctivitis
-broad spectrum
Ocular SE: blue sclera, PTC, pigmentation
Important SE: discoloration of teeth, bone growth retardation,
C/I: pregnant and nursing, children
Misc:
dyna-hex (chlorhexidine topical)
antiseptic
chlorhexidine preservative causes hypersensitivity, redness, burning, conj injection, diffuse spk
ocular SE: follicular toxic conjunctivitis
dyrenium (triamterene)
Availability: oral tablet
MOA: K sparing diuretic
Indication and dosage: hypertension
Ocular SE: jaundice
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
effexor (venlafaxine)
Availability: tablet oral
MOA: antidepressant
Indication and dosage: depression, anxiety disorder
Ocular SE: dry eye, mydriasis
Important SE: adrenergic effects
C/I:
Misc:
efudex (fluorouracil)
Availability: cream
MOA: purine/pyrmidine analog inhibit DNA synthesis
Indication and dosage: BCC and actinic keratosis
Ocular SE: irritation
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
elavil (amitriptyline)
Availability: oral tablet
MOA: antidepressant; inhibits reuptake of NE/5-HT
Indication and dosage:
Ocular SE: mydrasis, dry eye, blurred vision, photophobia
Important SE: drowsiness, dry mouth, tachycardia, fatigue, weight gain, sexual dysfunction
C/I:
Misc:
elestat (epinastine)
Availability: topical ophthlamic
MOA: COMBO, antihistamine, mast cell stabilizer
Indication and dosage: allergic conjunctivitis, VKC, GPC (BID 1 week, PRN)
Ocular SE: transient ocular stinging
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
eliquis (apixaban)
Availability: oral tablet
MOA: anticoagulant
Indication and dosage:
Ocular SE: exacerbate bleeding
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
emadine (emedastine)
Availability: topical ophthalmic
MOA: antihistamine h1
Indication and dosage: allergic conjunctivits (1gtt qid)
Ocular SE: blurred vision, irritation, tearing, stinging, burning
Important SE: headaches, dry mouth
C/I:
Misc:
epipen (epinephrine)
Availability: injection
MOA: blocks
Indication and dosage: severe type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
Epivir HBV (lamivudine)
Availability:
MOA: reverse transcriptase inhibitor
Indication and dosage: HIV
Ocular SE: amblyopia, macular edema
Important SE: bone marrow suppression, lactic acidosis, muscle breakdown,
C/I:
Misc:
ergomar (ergotamine)
Availability:
MOA:
Indication and dosage: vascular headches or migraines
Ocular SE:
Important SE: nausea, vomiting
C/I:
Misc:
eulexin (flutamide)
Availability:
MOA: blocks testosterone,
Indication and dosage: prostate cancer
Ocular SE: blurred vision, tearing
Important SE: headache, fevers, chest pain, cough,
C/I:
Misc:
evista (raloxifen)
Availability:
MOA: works like estrogen
Indication and dosage: osteoporsis in women with breast cancer
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
eylea (aflibercept)
Availability: injection
MOA: anti-vegf
Indication and dosage: CME in ARMD or DM
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
famvir (famciclovir)
Availability: oral
MOA: antiviral
Indication and dosage: Herpes zoster (500 mg TID 7 days), HSV1 (250 mg TID 7 days), HSV2, HSV keratitis (prophylaxis)
Ocular SE:
Important SE: Headache, GI effects
C/I:
Misc: most bioavailable
feldene (piroxicam)
Availability: oral tablet
MOA: NSAID blocks cox1cox2 pathway antiinflammatory, anelgesic
Indication and dosage: osteoarthritis, rhematoid arthritis
Ocular SE: bleeding complications
Important SE: GI effects, antiplatelet effects, CV events
C/I:
Misc: safe in children >6 months
flexeril (cyclobenzaprine)
Availability: oral tablet
MOA: muscle relaxer
Indication and dosage:
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
flomax (tamsulosin)
Availability: oral tablet
MOA: alpha 1 blockers relax smooth muscle
Indication and dosage: BPH
Ocular SE: floppy iris syndrome, blurred vision, irritation
Important SE: orthostatic hypotensions
C/I:
Misc:
flonase (fluticasone propionate)
flovent (fluticasone)
Availability: nasal spray, oral
MOA: cortoicosteroid
Indication and dosage: allergic rhinitis, asthma
Ocular SE: psc cataracts, increase IOP
Important SE: DM, inc BP, weight gane, osteoperosis
C/I: pregnancy
Misc:
floropryl (isoflurophate)
Availability:
MOA: irreversible cholinesterase nhibitor
Indication and dosage:
Ocular SE: cholinergic effects, miosis slud
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
FML (fluorometholone)
Availability: topical ophthalmic
MOA: corticosteroid (softer), antiinflammatory, blocks phospholipase A2, immunosuppressive
Indication and dosage: thygeson’s SPK (qid 7 days, slow taper), AKC, dry eye (qid)
Ocular SE: PSC cataracts, less likely to cause IOP spike
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc: steroid to shake
folixor (folinic acid)
Availability:
MOA:chemotherapy protective
Indication and dosage: helps prevent methotrexate SE
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
foradil (formoterol fumarate)
Availability: oral tablet
MOA: beta agonist
Indication and dosage: asthma, COPD
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
fortaz (Ceftazidime)
Availability: injction
MOA: cephalosporin antbiotic
Indication and dosage:
Ocular SE: hypersentivity, contact dermatitis/
Important SE:
C/I: with warfarin
Misc: pregnancy category B
fosamax (alendronate)
Availability:
MOA: calcium regulator
Indication and dosage: paget’s disease, osteoporsis
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
foscavir (foscarnet)
Availability: iv injection
MOA: antiviral DNA polymerase inhibitor
Indication and dosage: CMV retiniits, HSV in AIDs
Ocular SE:
Important SE: nephrotoxicity, seizures
C/I:
Misc: foscarnet = SAFETY NET
freskote (polyvinyl pyrrolidone)
Availability: topical ophthalmic
MOA:
Indication and dosage: dry eye (qid)
Ocular SE: irritation
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
gantanol (sulfamethoxazole)
gantrisin (sulfisoxazole)
Availability: oral tablet
MOA: sulfa drug, inhibits dna synthesis by inhibiting dihydropteroate synthase
-broad coverage
Indication and dosage:
Ocular SE: burning, stinging, hypersinsitivity, myopic shift
Important SE: metallic taste
C/I: sulfa allergy
Misc: trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole = bactrim
discontinued
garamycin (gentamicin)
genoptic (gentamicin)
Availability: topical ophthlamic, ointment
MOA: antibiotic; aminoglycoside 30s protein synthesis inhibtor
-gram neg coverage
Indication and dosage: psueudomonas, bacterial corneal ulcers, endophthalmitis, contact dermatitis
Ocular SE: SPK, delayed corneal reepitheliazation, psedomembranous conjunctivitis, bulber conjunctival hyperemia
Important SE: nephrotoxicity
C/I:
Misc:
glucophage (metformin)
Availability: tablet oral
MOA: biguinide, decrease gluconeogensis, increase glucose uptake
Indication and dosage: DM2
Ocular SE:
Important SE: diarrhea, lactic acidosis, cough
C/I:
Misc:
grifulvin V (griseofulvin)
Availability: oral tablet
MOA: antifungal; inhibits microtubule formation; inhibit fungal mitosis
Indication and dosage: scalp and skin infection
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
hibiclens (chlorhexidine topical) Hibistat towellete (chlorhexidine topical)
antiseptic
chlorhexidine preservative causes hypersensitivity, redness, burning, conj injection, diffuse spk
ocular SE: follicular toxic conjunctivitis
horizant (gabapentin)
Availability: oral tablet
MOA:
Indication and dosage: restless leg syndrome, PHN (post herpetic neuralgia)
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
hydrodiural (hydrochlorothiazide)
hydrodiuril (hydrochlorothiazide)
Availability: oral tablet
MOA: diuretic working on DCT to inhibit NaCl reabsorption
Indication and dosage: htn
Ocular SE: acute transient myopia, acute angle closure glaucoma, dry eye
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
hytrin (terazosin)
Availability: oral
MOA: alpha 1 blockers relax smooth muscle in bladder neck and prostate
Indication and dosage: BPH, HTN
Ocular SE: intraoperative floppy iris syndrome
Important SE: orthostatic hypotension, dizziness
C/I:
Misc: D/C before CX surgery
ilotycin (erthromycin)
Availability: topical ophthalmic, ointment
MOA: macrolide antibiotic 50s protein inhibitor
-gram positive coverage
Indication and dosage: eyelid infections, prophylaxis against gonococcal ophthalmic neonatorum, blepharitis (ung qhs 2-4 weeks), AIC, trachoma (500 mg qid 7 days), rosacea, early or latent syphilis, SLK (qhs 1 week)
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc: bacteriostatic
imdur (isosorbide monoitrate)
Availability: oral tablet
MOA:
Indication and dosage: chest pain from coronary artery disease
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
imitrex (sumatriptan)
Availability: oral tablet
MOA: migraine therapy; 5 ht 1a/1b (seratonin) receptor agonist
Indication and dosage:
Ocular SE: NAION, retinal artery occlusions, retinal venous thromboses
Important SE: myocardial infarctions, ischemic strokes,
C/I:
Misc:Availability:
MOA:
Indication and dosage:
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
imuran (azathioprine)
Availability: oral tablet
MOA: immunospressive
Indication and dosage: rheumatoid arthritis, scleritis
Ocular SE:
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
inderal (propranolol)
Availability: oral tablet
MOA: beta blocker
Indication and dosage: htn, irregular heart problems chest pain
Ocular SE: cholinergic like effects
Important SE: cholinergic like effects
C/I: pregnant category c, COPD, asthma, HF, bradcardia
Misc:
indocin (indomethacin)
Availability: oral pill
MOA: NSAID blocks cox1cox2 pathway
Indication and dosage: gout, scleritis (25 mg TID)
Ocular SE: whorl k, pigmentary changes, bleeding complications
Important SE: GI effects, cv events (fatal MI and stroke)
C/I:
Misc:
intron A (alfa-2b interferon)
Availability:
MOA: protein
Indication and dosage: karposi sarcoma (AIDS), cancer, hep c
Ocular SE: interferon retinopathy, CWS
Important SE:
C/I:
Misc:
invokana (canagliflozin)
Availability: oral tablet
MOA: oral sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor
Indication and dosage: DM2
Ocular SE:
Important SE: nausea
C/I:
Misc: