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Ambulance Victoria Drugs > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Morphine Contraindications

A

Known hypersensitivity, Late second stage labor and renal impairment/failure.

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2
Q

Morphine Pre cautions

A

Elderly and frail patients, hypotension, respiratory depression, current asthma, respiratory tract burns, known opioid addiction, acute alcoholism, Pts. on MAO’s.

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3
Q

Morphine dosage

A

Pain: up to 5mg IV repeat @ 5/60 max. 20 mg

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4
Q

Adrenaline Contraindications

A

Hypovolaemic shock without adequate fluid replacement.

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5
Q

Adrenaline Precautions

A

Elderly/frail pts., pts with cardiovascular disease, pts on MAO inhibitors,

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6
Q

Adrenaline Side effects

A

Sinus tachycardia, supra-ventricular arrhythmia, ventricular arrhythmia’s, hypertension, pupillary dilation, may increase size of MI, feeling of anxiety/palpitations in the conscious patient.

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7
Q

Adrenaline pharmacology

A

Beta 1 effects:
Increases HR by increasing SA node firing rate, increased conduction velocity through AV node, Increased myocardial contractility, increases irritability of ventricles.
Beta 2: bronchodilation
Alpha: peripheral vasoconstriction

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8
Q

Aspirin contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity, actively bleeding peptic ulcers, bleeding disorders, suspected dissection aortic aneurism, chest pain associated with psychostimulant OD if BP >160

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9
Q

Aspirin Precaution

A

Peptic ulcer, asthma, pts on anticoagulants.

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10
Q

Aspirin side effects

A

Heartburn, nausea, GI bleeding, increased bleeding time, hypersensitivity reactions.

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11
Q

Ceftriaxone Indication

A

Suspected meningococcal septicaemia: Adult dose - 1 g IV diluted to 10 mL with water for injection. 1g IM to 4mL with 1% Lignocaine.

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12
Q

Ceftriaxone Contraindications

A

Allergy to cephalosporin antibiotics

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13
Q

Ceftriaxone Precaution

A

Allergy to penicillin antibiotics

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14
Q

Ceftriaxone Side effects

A

Nausea and vomiting, skin rash.

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15
Q

Dexamethasone Indication

A

Bronchospasm w/ actute resp. distress unresponsive to neb. salbutamol, moderate to severe croup and acute exacerbation of COPD

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16
Q

Dexamethsone Contra’s and Precautions

A

Contra: known hypersensitivity.
Precaution: solutions which are not clear or are contaminated should be discarded.

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17
Q

Fentanyl Indication

A

Analgesia: IN 200 mcg repeat 50 mcg IN @ 5/60 (max. 400)
frail half initial dose.
IV: 50 mcg IV repeat 50 mcg @ 5/60 max. 200
CPR interfering pt.
25 mcg IV repeat 3-5 minutes

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18
Q

Fentanyl contra’s

A

hypersensitivity, late second stage labour.

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19
Q

Fentanyl precautions

A

elderly/frail pts., impaired hepatic function, respiratory depression, current asthma, pt. on MAO inhibitors, known addiction to opioids, facial trauma IN route.

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20
Q

Fentanyl side effects

A

respiratory depression, apnoea, rigidity of diaphragm/intercostals, bradycardia.

21
Q

Glucagon

A

Indication: Diabetic hypoglycaemia adult dose 1 IU IM.
Contra’s: nil of significance
Precaution: nil of significance
side effects: nausea and vomiting rare

22
Q

Glyceryl Trinitrate indication

A

Chest pain with ACS (300 mcg S/L), acute LVF, hypertension with ACS, autonomic dysreflexia, and preterm labour (consult).

23
Q

Glyceryl Trinitrate contra’s

A

hypersensitivity, SBP<110 (tablet), SBP<90 (patch), Sildenafil/vardenfil in last 24hours or Tadalafil in last 4 days, HR >150, HR <50, VT, inferior STEMI with SBP <160 mmHg and right ventricular infarction.

24
Q

Glyceryl Trinitrate Precautions

A

No previous administration, elderly Pts, recent MI and concurrent use with other tocolytics.

25
Q

Glyceryl Trinitrate side effects

A

tachycardia, hypotension, headache, skin flushing (uncommon) and bradycardia (occasionally)

26
Q

Ketamine Indications

A

RSI adult doses 1.5 mg/kg IV (max 200mg)

Extreme traumatic pain refractory to opioid analgesia, extreme agitation, CPR interfering patient.

27
Q

Ketamine Contra

A

Known hypersensitivity, severe hypertension (SBP>180)

28
Q

Ketamine precautions

A

any condition where significant elevation of BP would be hazardous e.g. hypertension, CVA, recent AMI and CCF.
Admin. for analgesia to be injected slowly over 1 minute.

29
Q

Methoxyflurane indication

A

pain relief 3 mL via penthrox inhaler.

30
Q

Methoxyflurane contra’s

A

pre-existing renal disease, tetracycline antibiotics, >6mL in 24 hours, personal or family Hx of malignant hyperthermia, muscular dystrophy.

31
Q

Methoxyflurane precautions

A

must self-administered, pre-eclampsia and use with oxytocin may cause hypotension.

32
Q

Methoxyflurane side effects

A

drowsiness, decrease in BP and HR (rare), renal toxicity.

33
Q

Midazolam Indications

A

Generalised convulsive status epilepticus, 10 mg IM repeat 10 mg IM @ 10 minutes.
Also used for RSI

34
Q

Midazolam contra’s

A

known hypersensitivity

35
Q

Midazolam precautions

A

reduced doses may be required for elderly, chronic renal failure, CCF or shock., the CNS depressant effects of benzo’s are enhanced in the presence of narcotics and other tranquilisers including alcohol, can cause severe resp. depression in pts with COPD, pts. with myasthenia.

36
Q

Midazolam side effects

A

Loss of airway control, resp. depression, hypotension, depressed level of consciousness

37
Q

Naloxone indication

A

Opioid drug overdose: 1.6-2 mg IM heroin, 100 mcg IV other opioid.

38
Q

Naloxone contra’s and precautions

A

Contra’s: nil of significance.

Precautions: prepare for combative pt., should not be administered to newborns.

39
Q

Ondansetron indication

A

Nausea and vomiting, vestibular nausea, prophylaxis.

40
Q

Ondansetron contra’s

A

hypersensitivity, concurrent apomorphine use, long QT syndrome, hypokalaemia or hypomagnesamia

41
Q

Ondansetron precautions

A

pts with liver disease whould not receive >8mg/day, care should be taken with pts. on diuretics, PKU, concurrent use of tramadol, pregnancy.

42
Q

Paracetamol indication

A

mild pain, headache.

1000 mg oral

43
Q

Paracetamol contraindications

A

hypersensitivity, children < 1 month, paracetamol administerd in the past 4 hours, total paracetamol intake within last 24 hours excessing 4 g (adults) or 60mg/kg, suspected ischaemia chest pain.

44
Q

Paracetamol precautions

A

impaired, hepatic function, elderly/frail, malnourished

45
Q

Salbutamol indication

A

Resp distress with suspected bronchospasm:

asthma, severe allergic reactions, COPD, smoke inhalation, oleoresin capsicum spray.

46
Q

Salbutamol contra’s

A

nil of significance

47
Q

Salbutamol precautions

A

large doses of salbutamol have been reported to cause intracellular metabolic acidosis

48
Q

Salbutamol effects

A

sinus tachycardia, muscle tremor (common)

Ambulance Victoria Drugs (5 decks)

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