Drugs

Question 1

Different types of Diuretics

Name of Diuretic

Function

Diseases they treat

Answer 1

• osmotic (manitol)
◦ Pulls water out of brain into the blood, causing flushing of sodium and chloride
◦ Treat increased ICP and cerebral edema
• loop diuretics (furosemide)
◦ Prevents sodium and potassium from being reabsorbed
◦ Treat HF and pulmonary edema
• Potassium sparing (spironolactone)
◦ Decreases potassium excretion
◦ Treat cirrhotic ascites and pulmonary edema

Question 2

Prednisone - what type of drug

Answer 2

Corticosteroid - don’t cure, only stop symptoms, stops inflammation/immune response

• prone to infection

Question 3

Drugs for GAD

• you are anxious, go to VED

Answer 3

Venlafaxine - antidepressant SSNRI
Escitalopram - SSRI
Duloxetine - antidepressants

Question 4

Atropine

Answer 4

• Treat Bradycardia

- dilate pupils

Question 5

Nitroglycerin

*important thing to do after administering

Answer 5

Dilates All bv - decrease preload afterload - workload of heart and demand for O2 - stops chest pain, increases blood flow to heart

Side effect
- decreases BP - dizzy, headache.

*don’t leave pt. Unstable coz of BP

Question 6

Anticoagulants vs antiplatelets

Bleeding precautions

Answer 6

Anticoagulants - stops clotting factors some by binding to thrombin, some by stopping vitamin k.
- hepatin, warfarin, enoxaparin, dabigatran, apixaban, rivoroxaban

Antiplatelets - stop platelet sticking
- asa, clopidogre, abcixama , eptifibitide

Precautions

• take blood before iv
• risk for bleeding alcoholics, liver disease, acetaminophen overdose
• no abg
• give on iv site that can be compressed in case of bleeding e.g. AC
• bleeding hx - recent sx, pregnancy, strokes, bleeding ulcers
• contraindicated intracranial neoplasm and bleeding, suspected aprtic dissectio. Or internal bleeding

Question 7

Drugs to treat HF

Answer 7

B - beta blockers

A - ace inhibitors, arbs

D - digoxin, diuretic

Question 8

Ace inhibitors vs ARB

Answer 8

Both block aldosterone which causes loss of sodium, waterbut potassium retained. Monitor for hyperkalemia

Acei - supress RAs, prevent conversion of angio 1-2, cause nagging cough

Arb - blocks angio 2 receptors

Question 9

Digoxin

Answer 9

Makes heart contractions stronger and slows down HR

Monitor digoxin level in elderly, and those with hypokalemia = toxicity

Signs:

Anorexhia, n+v, late sign weird arrythmias, vision changes

Normal - 0.5 -2

Question 10

Finasteride

Answer 10

Stops growth of prostate

Question 11

Flomax (tamsulosin)

Answer 11

Bph

Question 12

Ssri’s

Meds

Side effects

Serotonin syndrome

Answer 12

• prevent reuptake of serotonin into neuromsthus increasing serotonin in brain. Thus more chemical messengers between neurons
• Treat depression and anxiety
• Sertraline
• Flouxetine (prozac)
• Escitalopram
• Citalopram
• Trazodone
Side effects - n, v, d, dry mouth headache drowsy
Sertonin syndrome - anxiety, agitation, fever, sweating, confusion, tremors, tachy

Question 13

Midodrine

Answer 13

Antihypotensive

Question 14

Spiriva

Answer 14

Bronchodilator

Question 15

Anti psychotics

Answer 15

• prevent delusions and hallucinations, confusion k
• Treat mood disorders - bipolar, schizo, major depression
• Atypical/ second generation - block dopamine and affect serotonin
- risperidone, olanzapine, Quetiapine (seroquel)
• typical / first generation - block dopamine e.g. haldol