Drugs Flashcards
What is the mechanism of action of aspirin?
It irreversibly inhibits COX enzyme and this leads to reduced platelet thromboxane production and PGI2 production. This reduces platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. The reduced prostaglandin synthesis decreased nociceptive sensitisation and inflammation.
Can aspirin be used for pain relief?
Yes
What are some side effects for aspirin?
- bleeding
- peptic ulceration
- angiooedema
- bronchospasm
- reye syndrome
What is the mechanism of action of clopidogrel?
Irreversibly blocks the ADP-receptor on platelet cell membranes. This inhibits the formation of GPIIIb/IIIacoplex, required for platelet aggregation.
What are some side effects of clopidogrel?
- bleeding
- abdominal pain/diarrhoea
Can clopidogrel be used in liver failure?
No
What is the mechanism of action tenecteplase?
- this is a recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and this promotes fibrin lot lysis
When can tenecteplase be used?
- acute iscehamic stroke
- MI within 12 hours
- massive pulmonary embolus
Is tenecteplase given as a single dose?
Yes
What is the mechanism of action of heparin?
This enhances the activity of antithrombin III and this inhibits thrombin and multiple factors.
What are some side effects of heparin?
- bleeding
- heparin induced thrombocytopeia
- osteoporosis
How is unfractioned heparin administered?
- IV or subcut
How is unfractioned heparin monitored?
- aPTT
How can ufractioned heparin be reversed?
Protamine
How is LMWH administered?
Subcutaneous injection
What is the difference between unfractioned and LMWH?
LMWH has 2-4 times longer plasma half-life than unfractioned.
Does heparin give risk thrombocytopenia?
Yes
What is the function of thrombin?
This allows the conversion of fibrinogen t fibrin
What is the mechansim of action of cardioseleveitve beta-blockers?
These block the beta one receptors in cardiac and renal tissue. They block the SA node which reduces heart rate and blocks the receptors on the myocardium with depresses cardiac contractility. It will also reduce the release of renin, depressing the vasoconstrictive effects of the RAAS>
What are some side effects of cardioselevtive beta blockers?
- bradycardia
- hypotension
- bronchospasm
- cold extremities
- sleep disturbances
- fatigue
- loss of hypoglycaemic awareness
What are some examples of cardioselective beta-blockers?
Bisoprolo and Atenolol
Give some examples of non-cardioselective beta blockers?
Propanolol.
These can be used hypertension, angina, anxiety, migraine prophylaxis.
They inhibits sympathetic stimulate on the heart and vascular smooth muscle.
Why should beta blockers be avoided in patented with COPD and asthma?
There is a risk of bronchospasm.
