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Bioscience Beth > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are GSL drugs and example

A

General sales list

Paracetamol

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2
Q

What are p drugs

A

Pharmacy drugs

Sold behind the counter

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3
Q

What are POM drugs

A

Prescription only medicine

Issued by nurse or gp

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4
Q

What are controlled drugs

A

Locked away drugs eg morphine

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5
Q

How are paramedics responsible

A

Legally, ethically and morally

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6
Q

Define indication

A

A symptom that suggests certain medical treatment is necessary

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7
Q

Define absolute contradiction

A

That event or substance could cause a life threatening situation

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8
Q

Define relative contradictions

A

Caution should be used when two drugs or procedures are used together

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9
Q

Define route

A

A path by which a drug or other substance is taken into the body

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10
Q

Define dose

A

Quantity to be administrated at one time of a specific drug

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11
Q

Define interactions

A

A reaction between two or more drugs or between a drug and food

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12
Q

Define therapeutic effects

A

The response after treatment of any kind, results then judged

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13
Q

Define side effects

A

An effect that is secondary to the intended effect

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14
Q

Define cumulative effect

A

When repeated administration of a drug produced a more pronounced effect

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15
Q

Define tolerance

A

The capacity of the body to endure or become less responsive to a substance

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16
Q

Define cross tolerance

A

Occurs when tolerance to one drug cause tolerance to another drug in the body

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17
Q

Define allergy (allergic reaction)

A

An allergy is a chronic condition where there is an abnormal reaction to a harmless substance

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18
Q

Define idiosyncrasy

A

An abnormal reaction to a drug

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19
Q

Define tachyphlaxis

A

An acute sudden decrease in responsive to a drug after it has been taken

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20
Q

Define dependence

A

The state of needing something eg a drug

21
Q

Define pharmacokinetics

A

The study of bodily absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs. How organism affects a drug.

22
Q

Define pharmacodynamics

A

The study of biochemical and physiological effects of drugs. How drugs affect an organism

23
Q

Define agonism

A

When receptor and drug combine activating the response

24
Q

Define antagonism

A

Blocks the receptor so opposing a physiological action

25
Q

Define half life

A

Time it takes for the total amount of drug in the body to be reduced by 50%

26
Q

Define therapeutic index

A

A ratio that compares the blood concentration at which it becomes toxic and the concentration at which the drug is effective

27
Q

Define summation

A

Cumulative action, sequence of stimuli are individually inadequate but when together are efficient to produce a response

28
Q

Define synergism

A

Interactions of drugs so total effect is greater than the individual effect of each drug

29
Q

Define potentation

A

How a singular substance may act in a synergy relationship

30
Q

Points to remember with paediatric drug reactions

A
  • Effects can be unpredictable in infants. -Drug dose is weight related
  • less effective blood brain barrier
  • slower drug clearance
31
Q

Points to remember with older patients

A
  • Causes of non concordance because don’t always comply with what they are taking
  • Absorption is delayed due to reduced blood flow to the gut
  • Distribution is altered due to reduction in lean body mass
  • excretion is increased due to renal function declining
32
Q

What is poly pharmacy

A

Is the concurrent use of multiple medication mainly affecting the elderly and intellectually disabled patients

33
Q

What are 5 clear stages of poly pharmacy

A
  1. Prescribing and risk assessment
  2. Medication review
  3. Dispensing and administration
  4. Communication and patient engagement
  5. Medication reconciliation
34
Q

6 rights of drug admin

A 
Right drug 
Right dose 
Right route 
Right patient 
Right time 
Right documents
35
Q

What is the pathway of drugs

A

Absorption,distribution, bio transformation, excretion

36
Q

What happens in absorption

A

Diffuse through membrane being lipid soluble, water soluble or through carrier proteins

37
Q

What affects absorption

A

Gut motility, surface area, blood flow , ph, drug concentration, form and size of drug

38
Q

What is distribution

A

To target sites and made active or inactive

39
Q

What affects distribution

A

Blood flow , plasma protein binding, blood brain barrier, placental barrier, storage sites

40
Q

What is a storage site

A

Drug reservoir eg in tissue and plasma proteins as concentration goes down in blood it is released.

41
Q

What does half life length depend on

A

Whether the drug is stored

42
Q

What happens at brain in distribution

A

If poor lipid soluble then will not enter brain due to the barrier eg antibiotics

43
Q

What is bio transformation

A

Drug is chemically converted to subproducts which will affect the receptor or be excreted. Purpose is to detoxify the drug.

44
Q

Main area of detoxification

A

Liver

45
Q

What happens if liver doesn’t work

A

Detoxification is delayed and the drug accumulated and causes damage

46
Q

What is first pass effect

A

Go through liver and then inactivated so need alternative route.

47
Q

What is excretion

A

Elimination of the drug from the body. Kidney, intestine, lungs, sweat, saliva, mammary glands

48
Q

What is biological half life

A

Time to eliminate half of the drug from in the body. Drug gone after 5 half lives

Bioscience Beth (1 decks)

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