Drugs Flashcards
1
Q
Acyclovir
A
- Antiviral
- nephrotoxicity
- anti herpes therapy: HSV, VZV, EBV?
- inhibits viral DNA polymerase (chain termination)
2
Q
Zidovudine
A
- antiviral
- skin discolouration, bone marrow suppression
- nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)
- 1st class used to treat HIV
3
Q
Delaviridine
A
- antiviral
- non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) - binds to a different site than NRTI
- inhibits CYP3A4
- HIV therapy
- additive effect, no competition with NRTI
- rash, hepatotoxicity
4
Q
Maraviroc
A
- antiviral
- hepatotoxicity
- HIV therapy
- inhibits HIV genome integration into host cell
- fusion inhibitor
- increase in creative kinase
5
Q
Atazanavir
A
- antiviral
- HIV therapy
- protease inhibitor (HIV 1) - prevents packaging/maturation
- lipodystrophy, skin discolouration
6
Q
Natural Penicillin
A
- PCN G
- beta lactam, cell wall inhibitor
- spirochetes, streptococci, NOT Staph. Aureus!!!
- allergic reaction
7
Q
Nafcillan
A
- beta lactam, cell wall
- penicillinase resistant
- active against Staph. Aureus, streptococcus, NOT Gram -
- allergic reaction
8
Q
Amoxicillin
A
- beta lactam, cell wall
- aminopenicillan
- Staph, Strep and some Gram - (E. Coli)
9
Q
Cefazolin
A
- beta lactam, cell wall
- cephalosporin
- Gram -
10
Q
Aztreonam
A
- beta lactam, cell wall
- monobactam
- Gram - only, some pseudomonas activity
11
Q
Imipenem
A
- beta lactam, cell wall
- carbapenem
- broad coverage Gram -/+, active against pseudomonas
12
Q
Vancomycin
A
- glycopeptides, cell wall
- cidal
- resistance: binding site alteration
- Gram + only
- Red man syndrome (histamine release)
- nephrotoxicity
13
Q
Gentamicin
A
- aminoglycoside, 30S
- protein synthesis inhibition
- resistance: inactivation, binding site alteration?
- Gram -, synergistic against Gram +
- ototoxicity: high frequency loss, irreversible
- nephrotoxicity: gradually reversible
14
Q
Streptomycin
A
- aminoglycoside, 30S
- protein synthesis inhibition
- resistance: inactivation, binding site alteration?
- Gram -, synergistic against Gram +
- ototoxicity: high frequency loss, irreversible
- nephrotoxicity: gradually reversible
15
Q
Tetracycline
A
- 30S
- protein synthesis inhibition
- static
- resistance: active effluent, altered binding site?
- ID fascinó más, chylamidia, mycoplasma
- photosensitivity, teeth and bone staining, phlebitis
16
Q
Ciprofloxacin
A
- DNA gyrase
- cidal
- resistance: binding site alteration, prevent entry
- Gram -, including pseudomonas, sone Staph, Strep
- impaired cartilage growth and stability, Achilles’ tendon rupture, p-450 enzyme activity inhibitor
17
Q
Erythromycin
A
- macrolide, 50S
- static
- resistance (increasing in Gram +): altered binding site, inactivation, active effluent
- Gram -/+
- gastrointestinal “disturbances”, cardiac, inhibition of p-450 enzyme system
18
Q
Azithromycin
A
- macrolide, 50S
- static
- resistance (increasing in Gram +): altered binding site, inactivation, active effluent
- Gram -/+
- gastrointestinal “disturbances”, cardiac, inhibition of p-450 enzyme system
19
Q
Clindamycin
A
- lincosimide, 50S
- static
- resistance: altered binding site, inactivation, active efflux
- Gram + only, increasing use for MRSA and toxin assoc. diseases
- rash, Stevens Johnson Syndrome, risk for C. Difficile colitis
20
Q
Metronidazole
A
- DNA integrity via free radicals
- bactricidal, ambecidal, trichomoncidal
- resistance: rare
- neurotoxicity, GI disturbances, metallic taste, disulfiram-like reaction
21
Q
Sulfamethoxazole
A
- folic acid synthesis inhibitor
- cidal or static
- combination drug product
- resistance: alter binding site
- S. aureus, MRSA, Nocardia, one Gram -, Pneumocystis carinii
- allergic rash, Steven Johnson syndrome
22
Q
Ketoconazole
A
- antifungal
- systemic against most
- inhibit testosterone (gynecomastia)
23
Q
Flucozonale
A
- antifungal
- systemic against most
- inhibits CYP2C19 and CYP3A4
24
Q
Amphotericin B
A
- antifungal
- membrane pores, invasive fungal
- nephrotoxicity
25
Nystatin
* antifungal
* candida
* topical
* membrane pores
* Stevens Johnson Syndrome
26
Griseofulvin
* historic
| * teratogenic
27
Terbinafine
* cutaneous issues, taken orally
| * hepatotoxicity
