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Foundations Part II > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Acyclovir

A
  • Antiviral
  • nephrotoxicity
  • anti herpes therapy: HSV, VZV, EBV?
  • inhibits viral DNA polymerase (chain termination)
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2
Q

Zidovudine

A
  • antiviral
  • skin discolouration, bone marrow suppression
  • nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)
  • 1st class used to treat HIV
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3
Q

Delaviridine

A
  • antiviral
  • non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) - binds to a different site than NRTI
  • inhibits CYP3A4
  • HIV therapy
  • additive effect, no competition with NRTI
  • rash, hepatotoxicity
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4
Q

Maraviroc

A
  • antiviral
  • hepatotoxicity
  • HIV therapy
  • inhibits HIV genome integration into host cell
  • fusion inhibitor
  • increase in creative kinase
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5
Q

Atazanavir

A
  • antiviral
  • HIV therapy
  • protease inhibitor (HIV 1) - prevents packaging/maturation
  • lipodystrophy, skin discolouration
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6
Q

Natural Penicillin

A
  • PCN G
  • beta lactam, cell wall inhibitor
  • spirochetes, streptococci, NOT Staph. Aureus!!!
  • allergic reaction
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7
Q

Nafcillan

A
  • beta lactam, cell wall
  • penicillinase resistant
  • active against Staph. Aureus, streptococcus, NOT Gram -
  • allergic reaction
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8
Q

Amoxicillin

A
  • beta lactam, cell wall
  • aminopenicillan
  • Staph, Strep and some Gram - (E. Coli)
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9
Q

Cefazolin

A
  • beta lactam, cell wall
  • cephalosporin
  • Gram -
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10
Q

Aztreonam

A
  • beta lactam, cell wall
  • monobactam
  • Gram - only, some pseudomonas activity
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11
Q

Imipenem

A
  • beta lactam, cell wall
  • carbapenem
  • broad coverage Gram -/+, active against pseudomonas
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12
Q

Vancomycin

A
  • glycopeptides, cell wall
  • cidal
  • resistance: binding site alteration
  • Gram + only
  • Red man syndrome (histamine release)
  • nephrotoxicity
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13
Q

Gentamicin

A
  • aminoglycoside, 30S
  • protein synthesis inhibition
  • resistance: inactivation, binding site alteration?
  • Gram -, synergistic against Gram +
  • ototoxicity: high frequency loss, irreversible
  • nephrotoxicity: gradually reversible
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14
Q

Streptomycin

A
  • aminoglycoside, 30S
  • protein synthesis inhibition
  • resistance: inactivation, binding site alteration?
  • Gram -, synergistic against Gram +
  • ototoxicity: high frequency loss, irreversible
  • nephrotoxicity: gradually reversible
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15
Q

Tetracycline

A
  • 30S
  • protein synthesis inhibition
  • static
  • resistance: active effluent, altered binding site?
  • ID fascinó más, chylamidia, mycoplasma
  • photosensitivity, teeth and bone staining, phlebitis
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16
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A
  • DNA gyrase
  • cidal
  • resistance: binding site alteration, prevent entry
  • Gram -, including pseudomonas, sone Staph, Strep
  • impaired cartilage growth and stability, Achilles’ tendon rupture, p-450 enzyme activity inhibitor
17
Q

Erythromycin

A
  • macrolide, 50S
  • static
  • resistance (increasing in Gram +): altered binding site, inactivation, active effluent
  • Gram -/+
  • gastrointestinal “disturbances”, cardiac, inhibition of p-450 enzyme system
18
Q

Azithromycin

A
  • macrolide, 50S
  • static
  • resistance (increasing in Gram +): altered binding site, inactivation, active effluent
  • Gram -/+
  • gastrointestinal “disturbances”, cardiac, inhibition of p-450 enzyme system
19
Q

Clindamycin

A
  • lincosimide, 50S
  • static
  • resistance: altered binding site, inactivation, active efflux
  • Gram + only, increasing use for MRSA and toxin assoc. diseases
  • rash, Stevens Johnson Syndrome, risk for C. Difficile colitis
20
Q

Metronidazole

A
  • DNA integrity via free radicals
  • bactricidal, ambecidal, trichomoncidal
  • resistance: rare
  • neurotoxicity, GI disturbances, metallic taste, disulfiram-like reaction
21
Q

Sulfamethoxazole

A
  • folic acid synthesis inhibitor
  • cidal or static
  • combination drug product
  • resistance: alter binding site
  • S. aureus, MRSA, Nocardia, one Gram -, Pneumocystis carinii
  • allergic rash, Steven Johnson syndrome
22
Q

Ketoconazole

A
  • antifungal
  • systemic against most
  • inhibit testosterone (gynecomastia)
23
Q

Flucozonale

A
  • antifungal
  • systemic against most
  • inhibits CYP2C19 and CYP3A4
24
Q

Amphotericin B

A
  • antifungal
  • membrane pores, invasive fungal
  • nephrotoxicity
25
Q

Nystatin

A
  • antifungal
  • candida
  • topical
  • membrane pores
  • Stevens Johnson Syndrome
26
Q

Griseofulvin

A
  • historic

* teratogenic

27
Q

Terbinafine

A
  • cutaneous issues, taken orally

* hepatotoxicity

Foundations Part II (8 decks)

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