Drugs Flashcards
Which drugs work on the mesolimbic pathway?
Antipsychotics
Which pathway is involved with extrapyramidal symptoms of drugs?
Nigrostriatal
Decreased dopamine in the tuberoinfundibular pathway causes what with boobs?
Gynecomastia, lactation
What’s the first-line treatment for narcolepsy?
Modafinil
What are 4 good maintenance treatments for bipolar?
- Lithium
- Valproate
- Lamotrigine
- Quetiapine
What are the 2 main organs that lithium affects?
- Thyroid
2. Kidneys
What’s a first-line monotherapy for bipolar (for patients with frequent hospitalizations or aggression etc)?
Lithium or valproate plus second generation antipsychotic
What’s the treatment for PCP intoxication?
Benzos
Which 2 antipsychotics are less likely to cause tardive dyskinesia?
- Clozapine
2. Quetiapine
What class of drugs can treat extrapyramidal symptoms but not TD?
Anticholinergics
What 2 drugs treat acute dystonia?
- Benztropine
2. Diphenhydramine
What 3 drugs treat akathisia?
- B-blocker
- Benzodiazepine
- Benztropine
What 2 drugs treat parkinsonism?
- Benztropine
2. Amantadine
What 2 drugs treat tardive dyskinesia?
- Valbenazine
2. Deutetrabenazine
What are the 4 adverse effects of Clozapine?
- Agranulocytosis
- Seizures
- Myocarditis
- Metabolic syndrome
What are the 2 treatments for lithium toxicity?
- IV hydration
2. Hemodialysis (if severe)
What do pupils look like in opioid withdrawal?
Dilated
Which 2 types of drugs can cause seizures during withdrawal?
- Alcohol
2. Benzos
What’s the treatment for NMS after stopping the antipsychotic?
Restart dopamine agents; if refractory: Dantrolene or Bromo
What kind of a drug is levodopa?
Dopamine precursor
What kind of a drug is pramipexole?
Dopamine agonist
Can too high of a dose of carbidopa-levodopa cause psychosis?
Yep
What are 3 alternatives to amphetamines for ADHD?
- Atomoxetine
- Guanfacine
- Clonidine
What syndrome is caused by B1 deficiency, is associated with mammillary bodies, and has anterograde amnesia and confabulations?
Korsakoff syndrome
What phase of sleep do night terrors occur in?
N3
What’s the pathophysiology of narcolepsy?
Decreased hypocretin (orexin) in lateral hypothalamus
Antidote for benzo OD?
Flumazenil
What’s the tx for cocaine OD?
Alpha blockers
What kind of drug is methadone?
Long acting opioid agonist
What kind of drug is buprenorphine + naloxone?
Partial agonist plus antagonist if injected
What kind of drug is naltrexone?
Long-acting opioid antagonist used for relapse prevention
If concerned about precipitating Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, what should you give immediately?
B1 before anything else
What kind of drug is carbamazepine?
Anticonvulsive; but it can be used for schizophrenia as well
What’s the mechanism of typical antipsychotics?
Block D2 receptors
What’s the mechanism of atypical antipsychotics?
D2 antagonists with varied 5HT2, dopamine, and a and H1 receptor effects
What’s the mechanism of buspirone?
Stimulates 5HT1A receptors
What’s the mechanism of SSRIs?
Inhibit 5HT reuptake
What’s the mechanism of SNRIs and tricyclics?
Inhibit 5HT and NE reuptake
What’s the most common adverse effect of SNRIs?
Elevation in BP
What class of drugs are: Selegiline, phenelzine, isocarboxyzid, and tranylcypromine?
MAOIs
What’s the mechanism of buproprion?
Inhibits reuptake of NE and dopamine
What’s the mechanism of mirtazapine?
a2 agonist
What’s the mechanism of trazodone?
Blocks 5Ht2, a1, and H1 receptors; also weakly inhibits 5HT reuptake
