Drugs

Question 1

Chronically relapsing disorder

Answer 1

compulsion
loss of control
negative emotions when access prevented

Question 2

diagnosis under DSM 5

Answer 2

experience 2+ over a 5 month period

• craving
• time spent to get it
• continued use even though social problems e.g. IPV

Question 3

What is negative emotional state due to drug abuse

Answer 3

tollereance to positive effect
increase dose
withdrawl

Question 4

what is epidemiology

Answer 4

study distribution and determinants of disease

Question 5

why is epidemiology important for drugs

Answer 5

£3 billion per year
non-communicable disease
20% pop drink, 40% heavy use
cancers younger

Question 6

Drug use has a cost/benifit analysis

free choice model

Answer 6

West 2006
drugs are a choice
cost (death)
benifit (social and high)
pro's immediate, cons distance

Question 7

Irrational choice model of drug taking

Answer 7

drugs only thing that give pleasure in bad situ

Question 8

Addiction is a disease, what happens to the brain?

Answer 8

meselimbic dopamine system
ventral tegmental area
hippocampus (memory)
amygdala
nucleus accumbens (reward)
PFC (decision making)

Question 9

what does cocaine do to cells

Answer 9

blocks reuptake channel, excess dopamine in synapse, rebinds to post, increase activity of mesolimbic dopamine system

Question 10

how do we test drug effect on animals- self administer

Answer 10

self administer
cathater into brain, get drug reward
assess abuse potential (O’Connor, 2011)

Question 11

if nucleus accumbens of animal destroyed animal stops administering drugs

Answer 11

Pettit et al, 1984

Question 12

animals condition place prefernece

Answer 12

get drug in one chamber
placebo in another
neutral chamber
-choice of chamber

Question 13

dopamine and drugs

Answer 13

anticipation enough
not dopamine only coz not addicted to sex
not everyone gets addicted

Question 14

Dopamine response

Answer 14

repeated drug use increases sensitisation
mesolimbic dopamine system=’hyperresponsive’
effects increase with use (psychomotor effects and incentive motivation effects)

Question 15

who said that the more we take a drug, we get a DA response on mesolimbic DA SYSTEM from enviromental cues associated

Answer 15

Robinson and Berridge 1993, 2003

Question 16

Insentive Sensitization theory

Answer 16

neural systems increase incentive salience (motivation), but not increase in pleasure (liking)

Question 17

Hobbs et al 2005, study of incentive sensitization thoery

Answer 17

heavy drinkers and light drinkers
given alcohol
didnt increase liking, but increased wanting in heavy

Question 18

weaknesses of ICT

Answer 18

wanting lasts a long time-relapse

but why not relapse sooner if cues

Question 19

Associative Learning Processes

Answer 19

determine when, where and how sensitised behaviour is expressed

Question 20

learning theory of taking drugs

Answer 20

learned association process tells us id sensitization will occur

Question 21

cognitive dysfunction an taking drugs

Answer 21

cognitive impairments to prefrontal cortex, responsible for executive functioning, decision making and inhibitory control

Question 22

what happens in cognitive dysfunction model when we stop taking drugs

Answer 22

increase cortisol and glutamate

neurotoxic so kills neurons

Question 23

What does George Koob say

Answer 23

Hedonic Homeostatic dysregulation
due to:
1. compulsion
2. loss of control
3. negative emotional state

Question 24

George Koobs key stages

Answer 24

binge
withdrawl
preoccupation