Drugs Flashcards
Cef-, ceph-
Cefalosporins (antibiotics). Ex: cefadroxil, cefaclor, cephalexin
Notice they are C or K versions of the same sounding syllable.
rifa-
Antituberculars. Ex: rifampin, rifamate
sulf-
Sulfonamides (antibiotics). Ex: sulfadiazine, sulfamethazole
-actone
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics. Ex: aldactone, spironolactone
-ane
General Anesthetics. Ex: cyclohexane, fluorane
-ase
Thrombolytics (clot-busters). Ex: streptokinase, retavase
-azole
Antifungals. Ex: fluconazole
-azosin
Alpha Blockers (adrenergic antagonists). Ex: doxazosin
-barbital
Barbiturates (sedative-hypnotics). Ex: amobarbital
-caine
Local anesthetics. Ex: lidocaine, xylocaine
-calci-
Calcium & Vit D Supplements. Ex: calciterol
-ciclovir
Antivirals
-curium
Neuromuscular Blockers.
-curonium
Neuromuscular Blockers. Ex: pancuronium
-cycline
Tetracyclines (antibiotics). Ex: doxycycline
-cyclovir
Antivirals. Ex: acyclovir
-dipine
Calcium Channel Blockers. Ex: nifedipine
“I saw zem dippin in the calcium channel”
-dronate
Biphosphonates. Ex: alendronate
-ergot-
Ergotamines (anti-migrane). Ex: ergotamine
-floxacin
Fluoroquinolones (antibiotics). Ex: ciprofloxacin.
-ine
Stimulants. Ex: caffeine, amphetamine
-lam
Benzodiazepines (anxiolytics). Ex: alprazolam
-olol
Beta Blockers (adrenergic antagonists). Ex: propanolol
-lone
Corticosteroids (anti-inflammatory). Ex: prednisolone
-micin
Aminoglycosides (antibiotics). Ex: gentamicin
-mycin
Aminoglycosides, Macrolides (antibiotics). Ex: vancomycin
-navir
HIV/AIDS Antivirals. Ex: ritonavir
-pam
Benzodiazepines (antixiolytics). Ex: diazepam
-prazole
Proton Pump Inhibitors (anti-ulcer). Ex: pantoprazole
-pril
ACE Inhibitors (antihypertensives). Ex: captopril
ACE inhibitor for BP, cough and angiedema
-profen
NSAIDS (antiinflammatory). Ex: ibuprofen.
-quine
Antiparasitics. Ex: chloroquine
-sartan
Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker . Ex: losartan
To lower BP, cough and angioedema
-setron
Antiemetics. Ex: ondansetron
-sone
Corticosteroids (anti-inflammatory). Ex: cortisone.
-stigmine, -lol, -ergo-, Urecholine
Cholinergics. Ex: neostigmine
LES (L-ol, E-rgo, S-tig)
-stine
Antineoplastics (anti-tumor). Ex: lomustine
-terol
Bronchodilators. Ex: albuterol
-thiazide
Potassium-wasting diuretics. Ex: hydrochlorothiazide
-tidine
H2 Receptor Antagonists (anti-ulcer). Ex: famotidine
-triptan
Anti-Migraine. Ex: naratriptan
A trip makes you happy
-triptyline
Tricyclics (anti-depressants). Ex: amitriptyline.
-vastatin
Antilipidemics (anti-cholesterol). Ex: simvastatin
-vir
Antivirals. Ex: abacivir
-vudine
HIV/AIDS Antivirals. Ex: lamivudine
-zine
Phenothiazines (antipsychotics, antiemetics). Ex: chlorpromazine
-zoline
Nasal decongestants. Ex: zylometazoline.
Lithium Therapeutic Level
0.6-1.2
Lithium toxic level
Above 2
Digitalis Therapeutic Level
1-2
Digitalis Toxic level
Above 2
Aminophylline therapeutic level
10-20
Aminophylline toxic level
Above 20
Phenytoin therapeutic level
10-20
Phenytoin toxic level
Above 20
-zap
Atypical antipsychotics - Zap the psychosis
-statin
Anticholesterol
No grapefruit juice for you!
Glargine
Lantus Insulin
Notice -large- in glargine, long acting.
thromycin
Macrolide Antibiotic
“Thro them off the mean ol mycin list”
Antidote to Acetaminophen
Acetylcystiene- notice both have “ace” in the words.
-done
Narcotics, you are done with your pain
What do Tocolytics do? (Terbutaline & Nifedipine)
Stops labor
What do Oxytocics do? (Oxytocin)
Start labor (causes uterine hyperstimulation)
What is Betamethasone? What do you do with it?
Neonatal lung medication. Give to mother IM, before the birth of baby.
What does Beractant do?
Gives baby lung surfactant. Give to baby transtracheal after birth.
What is Baclofen?
Muscle Relaxant Think Back Loafin causes muscle weakness and fatigue No alcohol No operation of heavy machinery Do not become responsible for children under 12.
All psych drugs cause?
Low BP and weight gain
ABCDEFG memorization of Side Effects of Phenothiazines and Haloperidol
Anticholinergic *dry mouth* Blurred Vision & Bladder retention Constipation Drowsiness EPS (similar to parkinsons) Fotosensitivity G- aGranularcytosis
The term Deconate after the name of a drug means what?
Long-acting
How to memorize Tricyclic Antidepressants
All names have -TRIP
If TRIP is in the name it is a TRIcyclic
ABCDE’s of Side Effects of Tricyclic Antidepressants
Anticholinergic Blurred Vision + Bladder Retention Constipation Drowsiness Euphoria
Must take meds 2-4 weeks before beneficial results
Indications of Benzodiazepines
induction of anesthetic muscle relaxant alcohol withdrawal seizures- especially status epilepticus facilitates mechanical ventilation
ABCD’s of side effects of Benzo’s and MAOI’s
Anticholinergic
Blurred vision + bladder retention
Constipation
Drowsiness
MAOI’s can cause tyramine crisis if client eats what?
Remember “salad BAR”
Bananas
Avocados
Rasins and other dried fruits
Grains are all, except if made with active yeast
Meats
No aged cheeses, no yogurt
No alcohol, caffeine, elixirs, chocolate, licorice, or soy sauce
The three P’s of side effects caused by lithium
Peeing
Pooping
Parathesia
Lithium toxicity refers to what symptoms?
1 intervention is hydration, if sweating give sodium and fluids
tremors
metallic taste
severe diarrhea
and any other neurological sign besides parathesia
How is sodium linked to lithium effectiveness?
Low sodium leads to toxicity
High sodium leads to decreased effectiveness
-XET -XEP
SSRI antidepressant
Fluoxetine and Haloperidol is what drug class?
SSRI antidepressant
Side effect of Fluoxetine and Sertraline?
Insomnia, give before noon. If BID, give 6A and 12N
Sertraline can be given in the evening
Overdose of Haloperidol in the elderly can look like what?
May develop NMS (Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome), a potentially fatal hyperpyrexia with a temp of 104+. The dose for the elderly should be half the adult dose.
What to know about Clozapine?
will ZAP WBC’s
Does not have side effects ABCDEF, does have G
Do not confuse with Klonopin (Clonazepam)
Watch for interaction of Sertraline with?
St. Johns Wort Sweating Apprehension (impending sense of doom_ Dizziness Headache
