Drugs Flashcards
5-FU
thymidine analog - blocks DNA
topical and IV
SE: mucositis
Amantadine
not first line for anything.
Levodopa-induced dyskinesia
Albendazole
worms
SE: immune supression and liver dysfxn
Labs: order CBC to follow marrow and LFT
Int: Cimetidine increasea levels of this drug
Alprostadil
IV for babies with Ht defects. also used for penile injection for ED
PGE-1 vasodilator
Atomoxetine
NE reuptake inhib for ADHD
SE: drops seizure threshhold
Benzonatate
non-narcotic antitussive, local analgesic ester anasthetic (allergy warning)
Benzatropine
PD, dystonia, reduce antipsychotic ADR
SE: drops seizure threshhold, psychosis
Bethanechol
Oral or SubQ
antidote of atropine OD
don’t give until bladder obstruction is ruled out
Bicalutamide
used with GnRH analog in Met prostate CA
CI: Liver Dz, pregnancy
Botulinum Tox
SE: arrhythmias, MI, seizure, death from OD
Budesonide
oral steroid for IBD
Intxn: echinacea diminishes, grapefruit increases
Buprenorphine
opioid to treat addiction
Canagliflozin
SGLT-2 inhibitor for DM2
makes you pee out more sugar
SE: inc thirst, dehydration, UTI, fungal UTI
Intxn: diuretics –> excessive diuresis
Cannabis
anxiety, pain, glaucoma, CA?
THC: mostly CB1 R agonist –> CNS
CBD: mostly CB2-R agonist –> immune cells
Ceftriaxone (3rd)
Cefuroxime (2nd)
CEphalosporins, B-lactam - inhibit cell wall synth
Cross-react with penicillin (allergies)
Cholera vaccine
oral - attenuated virus
Safe in Pregnany and imunodef
Cisplatin
DNA replication inhib, antimetabolite
metastatic testicular, ovarium tumors and adv. bladder cancer
SE: bone marrow suppression, hearing and KD damage
Pregnancy X
Clobetasol proprionate
atopy, corticosteriod topical
Clomiphene
SERM - female infertility ovulatory stimulant, PCOS, post-OCP amenorrhea
SE: ovarian hyperstimulation, seizures, vision changes
CI: Pregnancy X
Colesevalam
SE: bowel obstruction
Cyclophosphophamide
alkylating agent used in oncology; antimetaboite
Nephrotic syndrome in low doses, KD damage in high doses
SE: bone marrow suppression, mucositis
Dabigatran
anticoag, inc stomach acid
Interxn: quinidine, verapamil, amiodarone - inc plasma levels of dabigatran
Denosumab
tx bones by preventing development of osteoclasts
MUST have sufficient Vit D and Ca before starting
SE: osteonecrosis of jaw, femur fractures
Diclofenac Gel
NSAID with low systemic absorption of 1.5% gel
Doxazosin
alpha 1 blocker - HTN, urinary retention, off-label PTSD nightmares
SE: hypotension
*if these pts drink too much alcohol, they can pass out from hypoTN
Drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol
OCP combo pill
SE: thromboembolism x 7 fold
Labs: check CMP after 2 weeks to monitor potassium
Enoxaparin
low molecular weight heparin
antidote: protamine sulf or heparin
BBW enoxaparin
do not take if having spinal catheter placed
Etanercept
TNF-a blocker
SE: sepsis, CA, latent TB, Hep B
Ezetimibe
directly blocks cholesterol absorption in sm intestine
2nd line to statins
CI: severe LV dz - collaborative use with statins
Interxn: cyclosporine and fibrates
Fingolimod
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator - sequesters lymphocytes in LN
Used in MS
SE: serious infxn, CA, URI, HA, fatigue
Flecainide
SE: Cardiac and pulm toxicity
Intrxn: ALCOHOL,
-amiodarone, quinidine, and cimetidine incr flecainide
- flecainide inc digitalis levels, as well as paroxetine
Fludrocortisone
mineralcorticoid drug (aldosterone mimetic) SE: HTN, edema, HF, Inc Na, Dec K, immune depression
Fluocinonide nasal spray
topical corticosteroid
SE: inc local infxn, cataracts
Gemfibrozil
TG modulator
SE: Muscle pain, gallstones, low K and Ca, inc risk of rhabdo with concurrent statin use
Interxn: Inc warfarin potency, statin
Glatiramer Acetate
Inj Sub Q in MS
myelin basic protein mimetic
SE: flu-like sxs, lipoatrophy if injected into same location
Glucagon
BB OD, CCB OD, anaphylaxis when epi doesn’t work, hypoglycemia
CI: pheochromocytoma and insulinoma
Interxn: anticoagulants - inc bleeding
Haemophilus Influenza vaccine
Hib major cause of epiglottitis
HAV vaccine
before travel to endemic area
HBV vaccine
1st dose rec within 24 hrs of birth
HPV quad
6 & 11= warts, 16-18 = CA
SE: thromboembolic phenomena and urticarial rxn common
HCG
off label for weight loss.
Stimulate fertility, spermatogenesis
SE: inc risk of ectopic preg, stimulate androgen dependent tumors
Hydralazine
antimetabolite; used off-label in CA but usu for HTN and CHF
SE: drug induced lupus, cardiac issues
Imiquimod
topical for genital warts, BCC, AK
SE: flu like sxs, local inflamm
CI: Anti-rejection drugs for transplant
Indomethacin
NSAID used in AI, often topically which does not have SE
SE internal: renal tox, marrow failure
Interxn: inc lithium levels, incr hyperKalemia of K-sparing drugs
Infliximab
TNF blocker
SE: sepsis, CA, latent TB and Hep B, Marrow failure
Influenza Vaccine
Against A and B
Isosorbide mononitrate
antiangina, prophylactic nitrate
SE: HA
CI: PDE-5 drugs sildenafil potentiate–> death
Ivermectin
oral or topical - invertibrate chloride channel agonist
SE: itching, burning topically
Interxn: GABA drugs (CNS depressants), HIV protease inhib, CCBs, glucocorticoids, lidocaine, benzos
Ketamine
amnesiatic anetsthetic; NMDA antagonist
Leuprolide
downregulates LH and FSH secretion –> dec T and E
injectable
Liraglutide
GLP-1 agonist for DM2
insulin secretagogue
SE: hypoglycemia, pancreatitis, thyroid CA
Meclizine
Rx or OTC for anti-emetic; H1 antagonist
SE: sedation
Int: other H1 antagonists, CNS depressants –> sedation
Megestrol acetate
syntehtic progestin that blocks E
SE: inc appetite, wt gain, thromboembolism, PE
Mesalazine
rectal, oral for IBD - aminosalicylate
SE: renal failure, DRUG-INDUCED LUPUS, SJS, marrow failure, myocarditis *less SE rectally
Interxn: nephrotoxic drugs
Methimazole
Blocks TPO
SE: agranulocytosis (if sore throat, order CBC!)
Int: warfarin, digoxin, all hypoglycemic meds
Meomycin/Polymixin B/hydrocortisone
swimmers ear
CI neomycin allergy - skin rash
Nepafenac
NSAID eye drop used to prep cataract surgery
SE: inc IOP
Norelgestromin/ethinyl estradiol PATCH
same as all OCP
Thromboembolism
Norethindrone
progestin only pill
safe in nursing, BUT least efficacious
SE thromboembolism
Octreotide
somatostatic mimetic (inh GH, glucagon, and insulin) SE: hypothyroidism, cardiac changes, gall stones, anaphylazis ++ Int: may need less insulin; *inc bromocriptine levels (acromegaly) --> Inc DOPA
Olopatadine opthalmic
antihistamine for the eyes
Oseltamivir
duration shorter for influenza A and B, but you must take within 1st 48 hours
SE: V/D, HA, difficulty sleeping, psychiatric Sx, seizures
oxybutynin
urge incontinence and kidney stones (anticholinergic)
SE: anti-sludge
CI: glaucoma
Pentoxyfylline
xanthine derivative
tx PAD, reduces blood viscosity
SE: lots of GI SEs, aseptic meningitis
CI recent hemorrhagic dz
Phenelzine
non-selective and irreversible MOA-I
Lots of SE, drug-drug interxns
CI: poor LV fxn, hepatitis, alcoholism, > 65 yo, ARF, SSRIs, tryptophan, gen and local anesthetics
*B6 deficiency is very common – supplement with pyridoxine
Potassium Chloride
oral and IV
Death with IV —> too much K can cz Ht block
Pregnenolone
atopy, allergies, TBI
quetiapine
Schizo, MDD, BP
atypical antipsychotic that affects lots of receptors
SE: POTS, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, suicide
CI: elderly (death), pregnancy - 3rd tri cz mvmt d/o in newborn
Ramipril
HTN and renal protective agent
SE: hyperkalemia, dry cough
Rifaximin
SIBO, traveler’s diarrhea, C. Diff, hepatic encephalopathy,
RNA polymerase inhib
SE: GI upset, fungal overgrowth
Rivaroxaban
anticagulant (Xa) - non-vavular Afib; less SE than warfarin
SE: GI bleed (more than warfarin)
BBW: D/C Cz incr risk of stroke
Scopolamine
SE: Belladonna ADR
caution with analgesics, EtOH, zolpidem, thiazide diuretics, buprenorphone, all anticholinergics
Selenium disulfide topical
pityriasis versicolor, sebborheic derm, antifungal
Sitagliptin
DPP-4 inhib - add on to DM2 care
SE: nausea, flu like Sxs, pancreatitis
Solifenacin
antimuscarinic tx frequency/urgency
CI glaucoma
SE: prolong QT interval with other prolonging drugs
Somatropin
human growht hormone
injection
FELONY to use off label
SE: inc risk of DM hodgkin lymphoma, carpal tunnel
Sulfasalazine
AI dz
metabolizes into mesalazine –. inhib cysteine-glutamate antiporter to inc glutamate in the CNS
SE: neuroinflamm, psychiatric agitation/mania; bone marrow suppr, LV/KD damage, hemolysis in G6PD def
Antidote: NAC
CI: aspirin or sulfonamide allergy
Tetanus Vaccine
in pregnancy, use only Td
DTap - kiddos
TDaP - adulties
Terazosin
aplha-1 inhib (sm muscle relaxer)
BPH and HTN
do not use in hypotensive pts
Thalidomide
1st line treatment of multiple myeloma (often in combo with dexamethasone or prednisone)
Also erythema nodosum dt leprosy, TB, graft vs host dz
SE: infants born without limbs! also, SJS, tumor lysis syndrome, sexual dysfxn, LV and hematologic probs
Int: lowers efficacy of OCP, inc risk of VTE, additive sedation
Tizanidine
muscle relaxer, alpha-2 adrenergic agonist
SE: CNS sxs
Int: Amiodarone, verapamil, acyclovir, OCP, fluoroquinolones, CNS depressants
Tofacitinib
JAK inhib for AI dz
BBW: serious infxn, lymphoma, malignancies
Labs: monitoring recommended: CBCs, LFT, lipids, azole drugs
Tolterodine
antimuscarinis for urinary incontinence
CI: glaucoma, belladonna ADR
Topiramate
antiepileptic, blocks wt gain of other psych drugs
Lots of SEs!
Int: dec efficacy of OCP
CI: Pregnancy – CAN CZ CLEFT PALATE
Trastuzumab
HER-2 + BrCA
injectable
BBW: HF, allergy, Lung Dz, Teratogen, infxn
Ursodeoxycholic Acid
Bile Acid
used in cholelithiasis pts who can’t undergo surgery
Varinecline
smoking cessation
SE: nausea, HA, nightmares, suicide, GI and cardiac sxs
Varicella and Zoster Vaccine
short term risk of zoster infxn post vaccine
NOT recommended is: seriously ill, Pg, on high dose steroid, in CA tx, transfusion in last 6 mos
CI: allergy to gelatin or neomycin
Vitamin K1
oral or subQ
antidote to warfarin
hematologic dz of the newborn
Oral osmotics
osmotic effect stimulates streth receptors to inc motility
SE: Lax abuse, long term use –> pancreatitis and RF
