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NPLEX II Pharm Elective > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

5-FU

A

thymidine analog - blocks DNA
topical and IV
SE: mucositis

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2
Q

Amantadine

A

not first line for anything.

Levodopa-induced dyskinesia

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3
Q

Albendazole

A

worms
SE: immune supression and liver dysfxn
Labs: order CBC to follow marrow and LFT
Int: Cimetidine increasea levels of this drug

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4
Q

Alprostadil

A

IV for babies with Ht defects. also used for penile injection for ED
PGE-1 vasodilator

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5
Q

Atomoxetine

A

NE reuptake inhib for ADHD

SE: drops seizure threshhold

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6
Q

Benzonatate

A 
non-narcotic antitussive, local analgesic
ester anasthetic (allergy warning)
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7
Q

Benzatropine

A

PD, dystonia, reduce antipsychotic ADR

SE: drops seizure threshhold, psychosis

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8
Q

Bethanechol

A

Oral or SubQ
antidote of atropine OD
don’t give until bladder obstruction is ruled out

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9
Q

Bicalutamide

A

used with GnRH analog in Met prostate CA

CI: Liver Dz, pregnancy

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10
Q

Botulinum Tox

A

SE: arrhythmias, MI, seizure, death from OD

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11
Q

Budesonide

A

oral steroid for IBD

Intxn: echinacea diminishes, grapefruit increases

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12
Q

Buprenorphine

A

opioid to treat addiction

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13
Q

Canagliflozin

A

SGLT-2 inhibitor for DM2
makes you pee out more sugar
SE: inc thirst, dehydration, UTI, fungal UTI
Intxn: diuretics –> excessive diuresis

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14
Q

Cannabis

A

anxiety, pain, glaucoma, CA?
THC: mostly CB1 R agonist –> CNS
CBD: mostly CB2-R agonist –> immune cells

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15
Q

Ceftriaxone (3rd)

Cefuroxime (2nd)

A

CEphalosporins, B-lactam - inhibit cell wall synth

Cross-react with penicillin (allergies)

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16
Q

Cholera vaccine

A

oral - attenuated virus

Safe in Pregnany and imunodef

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17
Q

Cisplatin

A

DNA replication inhib, antimetabolite
metastatic testicular, ovarium tumors and adv. bladder cancer
SE: bone marrow suppression, hearing and KD damage
Pregnancy X

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18
Q

Clobetasol proprionate

A

atopy, corticosteriod topical

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19
Q

Clomiphene

A

SERM - female infertility ovulatory stimulant, PCOS, post-OCP amenorrhea
SE: ovarian hyperstimulation, seizures, vision changes
CI: Pregnancy X

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20
Q

Colesevalam

A

SE: bowel obstruction

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21
Q

Cyclophosphophamide

A

alkylating agent used in oncology; antimetaboite
Nephrotic syndrome in low doses, KD damage in high doses
SE: bone marrow suppression, mucositis

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22
Q

Dabigatran

A

anticoag, inc stomach acid

Interxn: quinidine, verapamil, amiodarone - inc plasma levels of dabigatran

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23
Q

Denosumab

A

tx bones by preventing development of osteoclasts
MUST have sufficient Vit D and Ca before starting
SE: osteonecrosis of jaw, femur fractures

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24
Q

Diclofenac Gel

A

NSAID with low systemic absorption of 1.5% gel

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25
Q

Doxazosin

A

alpha 1 blocker - HTN, urinary retention, off-label PTSD nightmares
SE: hypotension
*if these pts drink too much alcohol, they can pass out from hypoTN

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26
Q

Drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol

A

OCP combo pill
SE: thromboembolism x 7 fold
Labs: check CMP after 2 weeks to monitor potassium

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27
Q

Enoxaparin

A

low molecular weight heparin

antidote: protamine sulf or heparin

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28
Q

BBW enoxaparin

A

do not take if having spinal catheter placed

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29
Q

Etanercept

A

TNF-a blocker

SE: sepsis, CA, latent TB, Hep B

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30
Q

Ezetimibe

A

directly blocks cholesterol absorption in sm intestine
2nd line to statins
CI: severe LV dz - collaborative use with statins
Interxn: cyclosporine and fibrates

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31
Q

Fingolimod

A

sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator - sequesters lymphocytes in LN
Used in MS
SE: serious infxn, CA, URI, HA, fatigue

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32
Q

Flecainide

A

SE: Cardiac and pulm toxicity
Intrxn: ALCOHOL,
-amiodarone, quinidine, and cimetidine incr flecainide
- flecainide inc digitalis levels, as well as paroxetine

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33
Q

Fludrocortisone

A 
mineralcorticoid drug (aldosterone mimetic)
SE: HTN, edema, HF, Inc Na, Dec K, immune depression
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34
Q

Fluocinonide nasal spray

A

topical corticosteroid

SE: inc local infxn, cataracts

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35
Q

Gemfibrozil

A

TG modulator
SE: Muscle pain, gallstones, low K and Ca, inc risk of rhabdo with concurrent statin use
Interxn: Inc warfarin potency, statin

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36
Q

Glatiramer Acetate

A

Inj Sub Q in MS
myelin basic protein mimetic
SE: flu-like sxs, lipoatrophy if injected into same location

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37
Q

Glucagon

A

BB OD, CCB OD, anaphylaxis when epi doesn’t work, hypoglycemia
CI: pheochromocytoma and insulinoma
Interxn: anticoagulants - inc bleeding

38
Q

Haemophilus Influenza vaccine

A

Hib major cause of epiglottitis

39
Q

HAV vaccine

A

before travel to endemic area

40
Q

HBV vaccine

A

1st dose rec within 24 hrs of birth

41
Q

HPV quad

A

6 & 11= warts, 16-18 = CA

SE: thromboembolic phenomena and urticarial rxn common

42
Q

HCG

A

off label for weight loss.
Stimulate fertility, spermatogenesis
SE: inc risk of ectopic preg, stimulate androgen dependent tumors

43
Q

Hydralazine

A

antimetabolite; used off-label in CA but usu for HTN and CHF

SE: drug induced lupus, cardiac issues

44
Q

Imiquimod

A

topical for genital warts, BCC, AK
SE: flu like sxs, local inflamm
CI: Anti-rejection drugs for transplant

45
Q

Indomethacin

A

NSAID used in AI, often topically which does not have SE
SE internal: renal tox, marrow failure
Interxn: inc lithium levels, incr hyperKalemia of K-sparing drugs

46
Q

Infliximab

A

TNF blocker

SE: sepsis, CA, latent TB and Hep B, Marrow failure

47
Q

Influenza Vaccine

A

Against A and B

48
Q

Isosorbide mononitrate

A

antiangina, prophylactic nitrate
SE: HA
CI: PDE-5 drugs sildenafil potentiate–> death

49
Q

Ivermectin

A

oral or topical - invertibrate chloride channel agonist
SE: itching, burning topically
Interxn: GABA drugs (CNS depressants), HIV protease inhib, CCBs, glucocorticoids, lidocaine, benzos

50
Q

Ketamine

A

amnesiatic anetsthetic; NMDA antagonist

51
Q

Leuprolide

A

downregulates LH and FSH secretion –> dec T and E

injectable

52
Q

Liraglutide

A

GLP-1 agonist for DM2
insulin secretagogue
SE: hypoglycemia, pancreatitis, thyroid CA

53
Q

Meclizine

A

Rx or OTC for anti-emetic; H1 antagonist
SE: sedation
Int: other H1 antagonists, CNS depressants –> sedation

54
Q

Megestrol acetate

A

syntehtic progestin that blocks E

SE: inc appetite, wt gain, thromboembolism, PE

55
Q

Mesalazine

A

rectal, oral for IBD - aminosalicylate
SE: renal failure, DRUG-INDUCED LUPUS, SJS, marrow failure, myocarditis *less SE rectally
Interxn: nephrotoxic drugs

56
Q

Methimazole

A

Blocks TPO
SE: agranulocytosis (if sore throat, order CBC!)
Int: warfarin, digoxin, all hypoglycemic meds

57
Q

Meomycin/Polymixin B/hydrocortisone

A

swimmers ear

CI neomycin allergy - skin rash

58
Q

Nepafenac

A

NSAID eye drop used to prep cataract surgery

SE: inc IOP

59
Q

Norelgestromin/ethinyl estradiol PATCH

A

same as all OCP

Thromboembolism

60
Q

Norethindrone

A

progestin only pill
safe in nursing, BUT least efficacious
SE thromboembolism

61
Q

Octreotide

A 
somatostatic mimetic (inh GH, glucagon, and insulin)
SE: hypothyroidism, cardiac changes, gall stones, anaphylazis ++
Int: may need less insulin; *inc bromocriptine levels (acromegaly) --> Inc DOPA
62
Q

Olopatadine opthalmic

A

antihistamine for the eyes

63
Q

Oseltamivir

A

duration shorter for influenza A and B, but you must take within 1st 48 hours
SE: V/D, HA, difficulty sleeping, psychiatric Sx, seizures

64
Q

oxybutynin

A

urge incontinence and kidney stones (anticholinergic)
SE: anti-sludge
CI: glaucoma

65
Q

Pentoxyfylline

A

xanthine derivative
tx PAD, reduces blood viscosity
SE: lots of GI SEs, aseptic meningitis
CI recent hemorrhagic dz

66
Q

Phenelzine

A

non-selective and irreversible MOA-I
Lots of SE, drug-drug interxns
CI: poor LV fxn, hepatitis, alcoholism, > 65 yo, ARF, SSRIs, tryptophan, gen and local anesthetics
*B6 deficiency is very common – supplement with pyridoxine

67
Q

Potassium Chloride

A

oral and IV

Death with IV —> too much K can cz Ht block

68
Q

Pregnenolone

A

atopy, allergies, TBI

69
Q

quetiapine

A

Schizo, MDD, BP
atypical antipsychotic that affects lots of receptors
SE: POTS, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, suicide
CI: elderly (death), pregnancy - 3rd tri cz mvmt d/o in newborn

70
Q

Ramipril

A

HTN and renal protective agent

SE: hyperkalemia, dry cough

71
Q

Rifaximin

A

SIBO, traveler’s diarrhea, C. Diff, hepatic encephalopathy,
RNA polymerase inhib
SE: GI upset, fungal overgrowth

72
Q

Rivaroxaban

A

anticagulant (Xa) - non-vavular Afib; less SE than warfarin
SE: GI bleed (more than warfarin)
BBW: D/C Cz incr risk of stroke

73
Q

Scopolamine

A

SE: Belladonna ADR

caution with analgesics, EtOH, zolpidem, thiazide diuretics, buprenorphone, all anticholinergics

74
Q

Selenium disulfide topical

A

pityriasis versicolor, sebborheic derm, antifungal

75
Q

Sitagliptin

A

DPP-4 inhib - add on to DM2 care

SE: nausea, flu like Sxs, pancreatitis

76
Q

Solifenacin

A

antimuscarinic tx frequency/urgency
CI glaucoma
SE: prolong QT interval with other prolonging drugs

77
Q

Somatropin

A

human growht hormone
injection
FELONY to use off label
SE: inc risk of DM hodgkin lymphoma, carpal tunnel

78
Q

Sulfasalazine

A

AI dz
metabolizes into mesalazine –. inhib cysteine-glutamate antiporter to inc glutamate in the CNS
SE: neuroinflamm, psychiatric agitation/mania; bone marrow suppr, LV/KD damage, hemolysis in G6PD def
Antidote: NAC
CI: aspirin or sulfonamide allergy

79
Q

Tetanus Vaccine

A

in pregnancy, use only Td
DTap - kiddos
TDaP - adulties

80
Q

Terazosin

A

aplha-1 inhib (sm muscle relaxer)
BPH and HTN
do not use in hypotensive pts

81
Q

Thalidomide

A

1st line treatment of multiple myeloma (often in combo with dexamethasone or prednisone)
Also erythema nodosum dt leprosy, TB, graft vs host dz
SE: infants born without limbs! also, SJS, tumor lysis syndrome, sexual dysfxn, LV and hematologic probs
Int: lowers efficacy of OCP, inc risk of VTE, additive sedation

82
Q

Tizanidine

A

muscle relaxer, alpha-2 adrenergic agonist
SE: CNS sxs
Int: Amiodarone, verapamil, acyclovir, OCP, fluoroquinolones, CNS depressants

83
Q

Tofacitinib

A

JAK inhib for AI dz
BBW: serious infxn, lymphoma, malignancies
Labs: monitoring recommended: CBCs, LFT, lipids, azole drugs

84
Q

Tolterodine

A

antimuscarinis for urinary incontinence

CI: glaucoma, belladonna ADR

85
Q

Topiramate

A

antiepileptic, blocks wt gain of other psych drugs
Lots of SEs!
Int: dec efficacy of OCP
CI: Pregnancy – CAN CZ CLEFT PALATE

86
Q

Trastuzumab

A

HER-2 + BrCA
injectable
BBW: HF, allergy, Lung Dz, Teratogen, infxn

87
Q

Ursodeoxycholic Acid

A

Bile Acid

used in cholelithiasis pts who can’t undergo surgery

88
Q

Varinecline

A

smoking cessation

SE: nausea, HA, nightmares, suicide, GI and cardiac sxs

89
Q

Varicella and Zoster Vaccine

A

short term risk of zoster infxn post vaccine
NOT recommended is: seriously ill, Pg, on high dose steroid, in CA tx, transfusion in last 6 mos
CI: allergy to gelatin or neomycin

90
Q

Vitamin K1

A

oral or subQ
antidote to warfarin
hematologic dz of the newborn

91
Q

Oral osmotics

A

osmotic effect stimulates streth receptors to inc motility

SE: Lax abuse, long term use –> pancreatitis and RF

NPLEX II Pharm Elective (1 decks)

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