Drugs Flashcards
4-aminopyridine
Fast potassium channel blocker that has been shown to improve axonal conduction of demyelinated fibers
Greatest affinity for Kv1.5 potassium channel
MOA in restoring peacemaking activity of purkinje cells
Phenobarbital
Increasing neuronal responsiveness to GABA, antiglutamate effects, and decreasing calcium flow into neurons
Bromide
Hyperpolarizes the neuronal membrane after traversing chloride channels
Benzodiazepines
Enhance GABA effects in the brain
Felbamate
Interfering with voltage gated sodium channels, antagonizing NMDA preferring glutamate receptors, and interfering with the binding of glycine
Gabapentin and pregabalin
Main MOA through inhibition of voltage gated neuronal calcium channels via specific binding of the drug to the alpha2delta-subunit of these channels. The inhibition of calcium flow reduces release of excitatory neurotransmitters including glutamate, noradrenaline, and substance P
Zonisamide
Blockage of T-type calcium and voltage gated sodium channels and binding to the chloride channel associated with GABA
Levetiracetam
Pyrrolidine-based
Main MOA specific binding to SV2A
Neuroprotective
Anti-kindling
Topiramate
Sulfamate substituted monosaccharide thought to work on multiple cell signaling mechanisms including enhancing GABAergic activity, inhibition of mainstream-evokes currents, and inhibition of carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes
Imepition
Imidazolinone derivative that is a low affinity partial agonist at the benzodiazepine site of GABAa receptors
Tricyclic antidepressants
Imipramine, protryptaline, amitryptaline
Block cellular NE reuptake in CNS
Imipramine also blocks serotonin reuptake
SSRI
Fluoxetine
Blocks serotonin reuptake
Selegiline
Monismine oxidase B inhibitor that increases CNS dopamine levels
Procainamide and mexilitine
Na channel blockers
Myokymia and neuromyotonia
Chlorpromazine
Phenothiazine derivative
Effects at D2 dopaminergic, M1 cholinergic, and a2 adrenergic receptors
Motion sickness
Antihistamines
Diphenhydramine, meclizine
Also some anticholinergic effects
Maropitant
MOA through antagonism of NK1 receptor which bind substance P at the emetic center and in particular at afferent inputs from the vestibular apparatus and cerebral cortex to the nucleus of the solitary tract
Bethanechol
Parasympathomimetic used to facilitate detrusor muscle contraction in moth UMN and LMN bladder dysfunction
Diazepam for bladder
Relaxing effect on striated muscle and is used to relax the external urethral sphincter in patients with UMN bladder dysfunction.
May also promote relaxation of the EUS by stimulating GABAergic inhibitory interneurons in the sacral spinal cord
Phenoxybenzamine
Alpha adrenergic antagonist that is used to decrease tone in the IUS. Mostly used with UMN bladder dysfunction but may be used in LMN cases
Prazosin
Alpha1 antagonism for smooth muscle relaxation
Phenylpropanolamine
Mixed adrenergic agonist (Beta sympathomimetic) that increases the tone of the IUS
Mostly used in hormone related incontinence
Metoclopramide and cisapride for bladder
Increase detrusor contractility due to cholinergic activity
Propranolol for bladder
Beta adrenergic agonist
Increase detrusor contractility
Tamsulosin
Alpha adrenergic antagonist
High affinity for alpha 1A receptors in urethra
Baclofen
Spinal reflex inhibiting drug that acts by decreasing activity of spinal cord motor neurons and interneurons
Decreases urethral resistance
Not recommended
Dantrolene
Muscle relaxant that antagonizes calcium release from skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum
Relaxes EUS
Acetazolamide
Stimulates the release of insulin and glucagon which promotes the movement of K ions into muscle cells
Dantrolene sodium
Blocks calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Malignant hyperthermia
Edrophonium chloride
Ultrashort acting anticholinesterase agent
Azathioprine
Cytotoxic antimetabolite that interferes with DNA synthesis
Reduces lymphocyte numbers and consequently Ig production
Specifically inhibits Tcell production
Cyclosporine
Blocks the transcription of genes required for Tcell activation notably those encoding immunoregulatory cytokines including IL-2
Mycophenolate mofetil
Inhibitor of purine synthesis in both T and B lymphocytes
Interferes with lymphocyte proliferation, differentiation of Tc cells, and antibody responses
Leflunomide
Inhibits T and B cell proliferation, suppresses Ig production, and interferes with cell adhesion
Cyclophosphamide
Cytotoxic alkylation haven’t that crosslinks DNA, disrupting nucleic acid function and inhibiting cell proliferation
