Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Betalactams (6) and examples

A

Bactericide antibiotics:

  • penicillins
  • cephalosporins
  • monobactams
  • carbapenems
  • clavulanic acid
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2
Q

Peniciliins

A
  • bactericide antibiotic
  • betalactam
  • cross BBB
  • cross placenta but still safe
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3
Q

cephalosporins

A
  • bactericide antibiotic
  • betalactam
  • cross BBB
  • cross placenta but still safe
  • parenteral/oral
  • 7-Aminocephalosporanic acid group
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4
Q

monobactams

A
  • bactericide antibiotic
  • betalactam]
  • cross BBB
  • cross placenta but still safe
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5
Q

carbapenems

A
  • bactericide antibiotic
  • betalactam
  • cross BBB
  • cross placenta but still safe
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6
Q

Clavulanic acid

A
  • oral/IV
  • inhibits gram positive and negative
  • associated with amoxicillin
  • bactericide antibiotic
  • betalactamase inhibitor
  • cross BBB
  • cross placenta but still safe
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7
Q

Drugs that cross BBB

A

-betalactams

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8
Q

What are the natural penicillins?

A
  • PENICILLIN G (IM, IV)
  • PENICILLIN G PROCAINE (IM) —long effect 4-5 days.
  • PENICILLIN G BENZATHINE (IM)—long effect 26 days.
  • PENICILLIN V (ORAL)—Resistant to acid degradation.
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9
Q

Penicillin G (4)

A
  • bactericide antibiotic
  • natural penicillin
  • gram + cocci (EXCEPT S. aureus)
  • gram + bacillus
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10
Q

PENICILLIN G PROCAINE (6)

A
  • bactericide antibiotic
  • natural penicillin
  • gram + cocci (EXCEPT S. aureus)
  • gram + bacillus
  • (IM)
  • long effect 4-5 days.
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11
Q

PENICILLIN G BENZATHINE

A
  • bactericide antibiotic
  • natural penicillin
  • gram + cocci (EXCEPT S. aureus)
  • gram + bacillus
  • (IM)
  • long effect 26 days.
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12
Q

PENICILLIN V (ORAL)

A
  • bactericide antibiotic
  • natural penicillin
  • gram + cocci (EXCEPT S. aureus)
  • gram + bacillus
  • resistant to acid degradation
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13
Q

What are the penicillinase resistant drugs? (2)

A
  • CLOXACILLIN (ORAL, PARENTERAL)

- METHICILLIN

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14
Q

CLOXACILLIN

A
  • bactericide antibiotic
  • penicillinase resistant
  • works on staphylococcus
  • oral and parenteral
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15
Q

METHICILLIN

A
  • bactericide antibiotic
  • penicillinase resistant
  • works on staphylococcus
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16
Q

What are the aminopenicillins drugs?

A
  • amoxicillin
  • ampicillin
  • expand spectrum to gram
  • Gram + cocci EXCEPT s. aureus
  • Gram Bacillus EXCEPT Pseudomona
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17
Q

Amoxicillin

A
  • bactericide antibiotic
  • aminopenicillin
  • expand spectrum to gram
  • Gram + cocci EXCEPT s. aureus
  • Gram Bacillus EXCEPT Pseudomona
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18
Q

Ampicillin

A
  • bactericide antibiotic
  • aminopenicillin
  • expand spectrum to gram
  • Gram + cocci EXCEPT s. aureus
  • Gram Bacillus EXCEPT Pseudomona
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19
Q

Piperacillin (4)

A
  • bacericide antibiotic
  • Antipseudomonas penicillins
  • gram negative bacillus
  • parenteral
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20
Q

Ticarcillin (4)

A
  • bacericide antibiotic
  • Antipseudomonas penicillins
  • gram negative bacillus
  • parenteral
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21
Q

Clavulanic acid (4)

A
  • bacericide antibiotic
  • pencillins
  • betalactamase inhibitor
  • amoxicillin-clavulanate
  • oral, IV
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22
Q

Sulbactam

A
  • bacericide antibiotic
  • pencillins
  • betalactamase inhibitor
  • ampicillin- sulbactam
  • parenteral, IV, IM
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23
Q

Tazobactam

A
  • IV
  • bacericide antibiotic
  • pencillins
  • betalactamase inhibitor
  • piperacillin-tazobactam
  • parenteral
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24
Q

cefadroxil

A

-oral every 12hrs
-first generation cephalosporin
-7-aminocephalosporanic
acid group (beta lactam + dihydrothiazine)
-bactericide antibiotic
-betalactam
-cross BBB
-cross placenta but still safe
-parenteral/oral

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25
Q

cefazolin

A

-first generation cephalosporin
-7-aminocephalosporanic
acid group (beta lactam + dihydrothiazine)
-bactericide antibiotic
-betalactam
-cross BBB
-cross placenta but still safe
-parenteral/oral

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26
Q

cefalexin

A

-oral
-first generation cephalosporin
-7-aminocephalosporanic
acid group (beta lactam + dihydrothiazine)
-bactericide antibiotic
-betalactam
-cross BBB
-cross placenta but still safe
-parenteral/oral

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27
Q

cefaclor

A

-oral
-second generation cephalosporin
-7-aminocephalosporanic
acid group (beta lactam + dihydrothiazine)
-bactericide antibiotic
-betalactam
-cross BBB
-cross placenta but still safe
-parenteral/oral

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28
Q

cefoxitin

A

-second generation cephalosporin
-7-aminocephalosporanic
acid group (beta lactam + dihydrothiazine)
-bactericide antibiotic
-betalactam
-cross BBB
-cross placenta but still safe
-parenteral/oral

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29
Q

cefuroxime

A

-oral
-second generation cephalosporin
-7-aminocephalosporanic
acid group (beta lactam + dihydrothiazine)
-bactericide antibiotic
-betalactam
-cross BBB
-cross placenta but still safe
-parenteral/oral

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30
Q

cefotaxime

A

-third generation cephalosporin
-7-aminocephalosporanic
acid group (beta lactam + dihydrothiazine)
-bactericide antibiotic
-betalactam
-cross BBB
-cross placenta but still safe
-parenteral/oral

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31
Q

ceftriaxone

A

-every 24hrs
-biliary elimination
-third generation cephalosporin
-7-aminocephalosporanic
acid group (beta lactam + dihydrothiazine)
-bactericide antibiotic
-betalactam
-cross BBB
-cross placenta but still safe
-parenteral/oral

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32
Q

cefixime

A

-oral
-third generation cephalosporin
-7-aminocephalosporanic
acid group (beta lactam + dihydrothiazine)
-bactericide antibiotic
-betalactam
-cross BBB
-cross placenta but still safe
-parenteral/oral

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33
Q

ceftazidime

A

-antipseudomonal
-third generation cephalosporin
-7-aminocephalosporanic
acid group (beta lactam + dihydrothiazine)
-bactericide antibiotic
-betalactam
-cross BBB
-cross placenta but still safe
-parenteral/oral

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34
Q

cefepime

A

-fourth generation cephalosporin
-7-aminocephalosporanic
acid group (beta lactam + dihydrothiazine)
-bactericide antibiotic
-betalactam
-cross BBB
-cross placenta but still safe
-parenteral/oral

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35
Q

ceftaroline

A

-fifth generation cephalosporin
-7-aminocephalosporanic
acid group (beta lactam + dihydrothiazine)
-bactericide antibiotic
-betalactam
-cross BBB
-cross placenta but still safe
-parenteral/oral

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36
Q

imipenem

A
  • Carbapenem
  • renal dipeptidase metabolism
  • Gram positive and Gram negative aerobic + anaerobic
  • works against baceroides fragilis
  • serious nosocomial infections
  • seizures
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37
Q

Meropenem

A

carbapenem

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38
Q

ertapenem

A

carbapenem

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39
Q

aztreonam

A
  • monobactam
  • gram negative aerobic (enterobacteriaceae + pseudomonas)
  • alternative to aminoglycosides
  • parenteral
  • no cross reactivity with penicillins or cephalosporins
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40
Q

Bactericide antibiotics

A
  1. BETALACTAMS
  2. AMINOGLYCOSIDES
  3. QUINOLONES
  4. GLYCOPEPTIDES
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41
Q

Aminoglycosides

A
  • Enterobacteria, P. aeruginosa and Gram negative (esp. pseudomonas)
  • used on bacteria often resistant to other antibiotics
  • bactericide
  • inhibit protein synthesis by inhibiting RNA by binding to 30s ribosome
  • NO activity against anaerobic
  • synergistic effect with beta-lactam
  • low oral absorption
  • IV, IM
  • NOT metabolized
  • Postantibiotic effect
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42
Q

Gentamicin

A
  • Aminoglycoside

- Parenteral

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43
Q

Tobramycin

A
  • Aminoglycoside

- Parenteral

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44
Q

Amikacin

A
  • Aminoglycoside

- Parenteral

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45
Q

Streptomycin

A
  • Aminoglycoside
  • Parenteral
  • Tuberculosis
  • I.M.
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46
Q

Neomycin

A
  • Aminoglycosides
  • oral administration
  • treats hepatic encephalopathy
  • reduces ammonia produces by bacteria
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47
Q

Parommomycin

A
  • Aminoglycosides
  • oral administration
  • active against entamoeba histolytica
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48
Q

Quinolones

A
  • Dihydroquinolein ring
  • Postantibiotic effect
  • Bactericide
  • inhibit DNA gyrase
  • all gram negative
  • 3rd and 4th against gram positive
  • food delays absorption
  • cross placenta and eliminated in breast milk
  • affect growth plates in children
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49
Q

NALIDIXIC ACID

A
  • Quinolones

- 1st generation

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50
Q

PIPEMIDIC ACID

A
  • Quinolones

- 1st generation

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51
Q

NORFLOXACIN

A
  • Quinolones
  • 2nd generation
  • hepatic and renal elimination
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52
Q

CIPROFLOXACIN

A
  • Quinolones
  • 2nd generation
  • antipseudomonal activity
  • hepatic and renal elimination
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53
Q

LEVOFLOXACIN

A
  • Quinolones
  • 3rd generation
  • gram negative and positive
  • renal elimination (active)
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54
Q

MOXIFLOXACIN

A
  • Quinolones
  • 4th generation
  • gram negative and positive
  • only generation against anaerobic bacteria
  • renal elimination (active)
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55
Q

Bacteriostatic Drugs

A
  • inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 50s bacterial ribosome
    5. Lincosamides
    6. Macrolides
    7. Tetracyclines
    8. Aminophenols
    9. Rifamycins
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56
Q

Macrolides

A
  • lactone ring
  • bacteriostatic
  • not teratogenic (useful in pregnancy)
  • low toxicity
  • Gram positive (not staphylococcus) aerobic and anaerobic
  • mycoplasma, chlamydia
  • do NOT cross BBB
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57
Q

erythromycin

A
  • Macrolides
  • inactivated by low gastric pH (coated tablets)
  • hepatic metabolism (P450)
  • biliary clearance
  • 14 C ring
  • 6-8hrs
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58
Q

clarithromycin

A
  • Macrolides
  • twice the bioavailability of erythromycin
  • hepatic metabolism
  • renal elimination
  • 14 C ring
  • 12 hrs
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59
Q

azithromycin

A
  • Macrolides
  • 1.5 the bioavailability of erythromycin
  • hepatic metabolism (P450)
  • biliary clearance
  • 15 C ring
  • 24hrs
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60
Q

Spiramycin

A
  • Macrolides
  • 16 C ring
  • 6-8hrs
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61
Q

Lincomycin

A
  • Lincosamides
  • produced by the fungus Streptomyces lincolnensis
  • inhibits protein syntehsis by binding to 50s ribosomal subunit
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62
Q

Clindamycin

A
  • Lincosamides
  • gram positive anaerobic
  • some protozoa
  • NOT against gram negative
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63
Q

Ethanol (5)

A

antiseptic/disinfectant alcohol 70%

  • bactericidal
  • doesnt work well with viruses
  • NO activity with fungi
  • CANT disinfect surgical instruments
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64
Q

Isopropyl (5)

A

antiseptic/disinfectant alcohol

  • bactericidal
  • doesnt work well with viruses
  • NO activity with fungi
  • CANT disinfect surgical instruments
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65
Q

Formaldehyde (4)

A

Aldehyde Disinfectant

  • used on surgical instruments
  • Broad spectrum (including spores)
  • irritating on body
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66
Q

Hydrogen peroxide (3)

A

oxidizing antiseptic/disinfectant

  • anaerobic bacteria
  • low potency 3%
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67
Q

Chlorine

A

Chlorinated compound antiseptic/disinfectant

  • bacteria, fungi, viruses, protazoa
  • purified drinking water
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68
Q

Chloramine

A

Chlorinated compound antiseptic/disinfectant

-disinfects surgical equipment

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69
Q

Chlorhexidine

A

Biguanides antiseptic.disinfectant

  • broad spectrum
  • less absorption in skin, less toxicity
  • 0.12% mouthwash, 0.2% oral antiseptic
  • Stains teeth
  • surgical prep, pre-op skin prep, washing and brushing
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70
Q

Povidone iodine

A

Iodinated compound antiseptic/disinfectant

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71
Q

Silver nitrate

A

Silver derivative antiseptic/disinfectant

72
Q

Silver sulfadiazine

A

antiseptic/disinfectant

73
Q

omeprazole

A

Acid secretion inhibitor

proton pump inhibitor

74
Q

pantoprazole

A

Acid secretion inhibitor

proton pump inhibitor

75
Q

esomeprazole

A

Acid secretion inhibitor

proton pump inhibitor

76
Q

iansoprazole

A

Acid secretion inhibitor

proton pump inhibitor

77
Q

rabeprazole

A

Acid secretion inhibitor

proton pump inhibitor

78
Q

CINETIDINE

A

Acid secretion inhibitor

H2 receptor antagonist

79
Q

ranitidine

A

Acid secretion inhibitor

H2 receptor antagonist

80
Q

fanotidine

A

Acid secretion inhibitor

H2 receptor antagonist

81
Q

Sodium bicarbonate

A

NEutralizer of acid secretions

-antacid

82
Q

Aluminum hydroxide

A

NEutralizer of acid secretions

-antacid

83
Q

Magnesium almgate

A

NEutralizer of acid secretions

-antacid

84
Q

Bismuth salts

A

Mucosal protective agents

85
Q

sucralfate

A

Mucosal protective agents

86
Q

misoprostol

A

Mucosal protective agents

87
Q

aldendronate

A

Bisphosphonates

-for osteoporosis

88
Q

etidronate

A

Bisphosphonates

-for osteoporosis

89
Q

Risedronate

A

Bisphosphonates

-for osteoporosis

90
Q

pamidronate

A

Bisphosphonates

-for osteoporosis

91
Q

zoledronate

A

Bisphosphonates

-for osteoporosis

92
Q

cyclophosphamide

A

Cytostatic
Dna damaging
alkylating agents

93
Q

mephalan

A

Cytostatic
Dna damaging
alkylating agents

94
Q

irinotecan

A

Cytostatic
Dna damaging
Topoisomerase ibhibitors

95
Q

topotecan

A

Cytostatic
Dna damaging
Topoisomerase ibhibitors

96
Q

bleomycin

A

Cytostatic
Dna damaging
Antibiotic

97
Q

actinomycin D

A

Cytostatic
Dna damaging
Antibiotic

98
Q

cisplatin

A

Cytostatic
Dna damaging
Platnium compounds

99
Q

methotrexate

A

Cytostatic
Antimetabolite
Antifolate

100
Q

s-fluorouracil

A

Cytostatic
Antimetabolite
analogue of pyrimidine base

101
Q

6-mercaptopurine

A

Cytostatic
Antimetabolite
analogue of purine base

102
Q

vincristine

A

Cytostatic
Acts on mitosis
vincaalkaloid

103
Q

vinblastine

A

Cytostatic
Acts on mitosis
vincaalkaloid

104
Q

taxanes

A

Cytostatic

Acts on mitosis

105
Q

minocycline

A

Tetracyclin

long action

106
Q

Erythromycin

A

Macrolides

107
Q

Azitheromycin

A

Macrolides

108
Q

Clarithromycin

A

Macrolides

109
Q

Clarithromycin

A

Macrolides

110
Q

Lincomycin

A

Lincosamide

111
Q

clindamycin

A

Lincosamide

112
Q

Vancomycin

A

Glycopeptides

113
Q

Teicoplanin

A

Glycopeptides

114
Q

Gentamycin

A

Aminoglycosides

115
Q

Tobramycin

A

Aminoglycosides

116
Q

streptomycin

A

Aminoglycosides

117
Q

amikacin

A

Aminoglycosides

118
Q

Neomycin

A

Oral aminoglycoside

119
Q

Paromomycin

A

Oral aminoglycoside

120
Q

Paromomycin

A

Oral aminoglycoside

121
Q

Nalidixic Acid

A

1st generation quinolones

122
Q

Pipemidic acid

A

1st generation quinolones

123
Q

Norfloxacin

A

2nd generation quinolones

124
Q

Ciproflaxacin

A

2nd generation quinolones

125
Q

Levofloxacin

A

3rd generation quinolones

126
Q

Moxifloxacin

A

4th generation quinolones

127
Q

Moxifloxacin

A

4th generation quinolones

128
Q

acetyl salicylic acid

A

Antiplatelet

129
Q

Dipyridamole

A

Antiplatelet

130
Q

ticlopidine

A

Antiplatelet

131
Q

clopidogrel

A

Antiplatelet

132
Q

Aciximab

A

Antiplatelet

133
Q

Sodium heparin

A

unfractioned heparin

134
Q

Nadroparin

A

Anticoagulant

low molecular weight heparin

135
Q

Enoxaparin

A

Anticoagulant

low molecular weight heparin

136
Q

Dalteparin

A

Anticoagulant

low molecular weight heparin

137
Q

Warfarin

A

Anticoagulant

Antivitamin K

138
Q

aceonocoumarol

A

Anticoagulant

Antivitamin K

139
Q

Protamine sulfate

A

antidote for heparins

140
Q

Vitamin K

A

antidote for coumarins

141
Q

Fresh plasma

A

antidote for coumarins and fibrinloytics

142
Q

Transexamic acid

A

antidote for bleeding during dental procedures

143
Q

Dabigatran

A

Oral anticoagulant

direct thrombin inhibitor

144
Q

Rivaroxaban

A

Oral anticoagulant

Factor Xa inhibitor

145
Q

Apixaban

A

Oral anticoagulant

Factor Xa inhibitor

146
Q

Edoxaban

A

Oral anticoagulant

Factor Xa inhibitor

147
Q

Streptokinase

A

Fibrinolytic

148
Q

Urokinase

A

Fibrinolytic

149
Q

Alteplase

A

Fibrinolytic

150
Q

mercurochrome

A

antiseptic/disinfectant

151
Q

Lispro

A

Ultra short acting insulin

152
Q

Aspart

A

Ultra short acting insulin

153
Q

Glulisine

A

Ultra short acting insulin

154
Q

insulin-nph

A

intermediate acting insulin

155
Q

Lispro protamine - NPL

A

intermediate acting insulin

156
Q

Glorgine

A

Long acting insulin

157
Q

Detemir

A

Long acting insulin

158
Q

Humalog mixture

A

insulin mixture

159
Q

Glibenclamide

A

Oral antidiabetic

Sulfonylureas

160
Q

Gliclazide

A

Oral antidiabetic

Sulfonylureas

161
Q

Glipizide

A

Oral antidiabetic

Sulfonylureas

162
Q

Glimepiride

A

Oral antidiabetic

Sulfonylureas

163
Q

Metformin

A

Oral antidiabetic

Biguandies

164
Q

Pioglitazone

A

Oral antidiabetic

Thiazolidinediones/glitazone

165
Q

Roilitazone

A

Oral antidiabetic

Thiazolidinediones/glitazone

166
Q

Repaglinidine

A

Oral antidiabetic

Meglitinides

167
Q

Nateglinidine

A

Oral antidiabetic

Meglitinides

168
Q

Acarbose

A

Oral antidiabetic

2-glucosidase inhibitor

169
Q

Dapagliflozin

A

Oral antidiabetic

Glifozins

170
Q

Canaglifozin

A

Oral antidiabetic

Glifozins

171
Q

empaglifozin

A

Oral antidiabetic

Glifozins

172
Q

Exenatide

A

Other antidiabetics
Incretin mimetic
GIP-1 analog

173
Q

Liraglutide

A

Other antidiabetics
Incretin mimetic
GIP-1 analog

174
Q

Vildagliptina

A

Other antidiabetics
Incretin mimetic
DPP-4 inhibitor

175
Q

Sitagliptina

A

Other antidiabetics
Incretin mimetic
DPP-4 inhibitor

176
Q

Saxagliptin

A

Other antidiabetics
Incretin mimetic
DPP-4 inhibitor

177
Q

Alogliptin

A

Other antidiabetics
Incretin mimetic
DPP-4 inhibitor