Drugs Flashcards
When should statins be taken? Why?
At night, when most of chol synthesis occurs
How many mg of atorvastatin should be given in primary and secondary prevention?
Primary- 20mg.
Secondary/ known IHD etc- 80mg
What is the MOA of aspirin?
Irreversibly acetylates cyclo-oxygenase preventing production of thromboxane A2, inhibiting platelet aggregation
What is clopidogrel and what is its MOA?
ADP R antag to block platelet aggregation
When is clopidogrel used?
Used after PCI (along with aspirin) , acute coronary syndrome, aspirin intolerance eg. after TIA, AF (if warfarin unsuitable), MI, peripheral arterial disease,
What are the common SE of clopidogrel?
Abdo pain, bleeding disorders (GI, IC), diarrhoea, dyspepsia
Name 2 rare SE of clopidogrel
Vertigo, acquired haemophilia
What is the MOA of bisoprolol?
B1 selective- decrease pulse and SAN firing
What is the MOA of furosemide? Where in the loop?
Inhibits Na/K/2Cl co-transporter. Ascending limb (loop)
What is the MOA of thiazides? Where in the loop? Examples?
Inhibits Na/Cl co-transporter in DCT eg. metolazone, chlorthalidone
SE of loop diuretic?
Dehydration, hypokalaemia, hypocalcaemia, ototoxic
SE of thiazides?
Hypokalaemia, hypercalcaemia, decreased Mg, increased urate- gout, impotence
SE of amiloride
Hyperkalaemia, GI upset
What is the MOA of amiloride? Where in loop?
K+ sparing- inhibits Na/K exchange. DCT
MOA of nitrates?
Venodilation and of large arteries preferentially, decrease pre load
What is hydralazine?
Vasodilator- dilates resistance vessels to decrease BP (after load)
What is prozasin?
Vasodilator- Alpha blocker- dilates arteries and veins
MOA of Ca channel blockers? Target?
L-type Ca channels- decrease Ca entry into cell via voltage sensitive channels on SM cells promoting coronary and peripheral vasodilation, reducing myocardial O2 demand
What are nifedipine and amlodipine?
Ca channel blockers- DHPs -> vasodilation
Why are Ca channel blockers given with beta blockers?
Reduce reflex tachycardia
What are verapamil and diltiazem? MOA? Use?
Non-DHPs- slow conduction at SAN and AVN. Antihypertensives, dysrrythmias, angina
Why can’t you give verapamil with beta blocker?
Risk of severe bradycardia
SE of Ca channel blockers? CI?
Flushes, headache, oedema, LV function decrease, gingival hypertrophy. CI- heart block
MOA of digoxin? Use?
Blocks Na/K pump. Slows pulse in fast AF
SE of digoxin?
Arrhythmia, nausea, decreased appetite, confusion, gynaecomastia
MOA of statins? Example?
Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase in liver to prevent chol synthesis. Increases LDL R expression by hepatocytes decreasing circulating LDLs. e.g Simvastatin
SE of statins?
Muscle aches, abdo discomfort, increased ALT and CK, myositis, rhabdomyolysis rare
